我上周在 Ebay 上买了一台二手电脑，并一直在尝试安装 Arch Linux（我常用的操作系统）。在大多数情况下，它进展顺利，启动正常，没有任何问题，我可以为我的用户获得 TTY。
剩下的最后一步是启动 i3wm。但是，startx 不起作用。
我查看了 Xorg.0.log 文件，似乎存在段错误：
[ 134.360]
X.Org X Server 1.21.1.3
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
[ 134.367] Current Operating System: Linux thinkpad-t480 5.16.0-arch1-1 #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon, 10 Jan 2022 20:11:47 +0000 x86_64
[ 134.367] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=97a6e99b-b821-4676-9825-5f4b12fd9a64 rw loglevel=3 quiet cryptdevice=UUID=6f35e165-8b99-4b64-9b71-155ff64b0568:root root=/dev/mapper/root
[ 134.372]
[ 134.373] Current version of pixman: 0.40.0
[ 134.375] Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
[ 134.375] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[ 134.384] (==) Log file: "/home/keeyan/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sat Jan 15 09:50:35 2022
[ 134.387] (==) Using config directory: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[ 134.389] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[ 134.390] (==) No Layout section. Using the first Screen section.
[ 134.390] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults.
[ 134.390] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0)
[ 134.390] (**) | |-->Monitor "<default monitor>"
[ 134.390] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
Using a default monitor configuration.
[ 134.390] (==) Automatically adding devices
[ 134.390] (==) Automatically enabling devices
[ 134.390] (==) Automatically adding GPU devices
[ 134.390] (==) Automatically binding GPU devices
[ 134.390] (==) Max clients allowed: 256, resource mask: 0x1fffff
[ 134.392] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/misc" does not exist.
[ 134.392] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 134.392] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/TTF" does not exist.
[ 134.392] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 134.392] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/OTF" does not exist.
[ 134.392] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 134.392] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/Type1" does not exist.
[ 134.392] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 134.394] (==) FontPath set to:
/usr/share/fonts/100dpi,
/usr/share/fonts/75dpi
[ 134.394] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
[ 134.394] (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices.
If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices.
[ 134.394] (II) Module ABI versions:
[ 134.394] X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
[ 134.394] X.Org Video Driver: 25.2
[ 134.394] X.Org XInput driver : 24.4
[ 134.394] X.Org Server Extension : 10.0
[ 134.394] (++) using VT number 1
[ 134.396] (II) systemd-logind: took control of session /org/freedesktop/login1/session/_31
[ 134.397] (II) xfree86: Adding drm device (/dev/dri/card0)
[ 134.397] (II) Platform probe for /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/drm/card0
[ 134.397] (II) systemd-logind: got fd for /dev/dri/card0 226:0 fd 11 paused 0
[ 134.401] (--) PCI:*(0@0:2:0) 8086:5917:17aa:225d rev 7, Mem @ 0xe7000000/16777216, 0xc0000000/268435456, I/O @ 0x0000e000/64, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072
[ 134.401] (WW) Open ACPI failed (/var/run/acpid.socket) (No such file or directory)
[ 134.401] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
[ 134.401] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
[ 134.408] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 134.408] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 1.0.0
[ 134.408] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 10.0
[ 134.408] (==) Matched intel as autoconfigured driver 0
[ 134.408] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 1
[ 134.408] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 2
[ 134.408] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 3
[ 134.408] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
[ 134.408] (II) LoadModule: "intel"
[ 134.408] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module intel
[ 134.408] (EE) Failed to load module "intel" (module does not exist, 0)
[ 134.408] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"
[ 134.408] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so
[ 134.414] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 134.414] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 1.21.1
[ 134.414] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 134.414] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[ 134.414] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
[ 134.414] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module fbdev
[ 134.414] (EE) Failed to load module "fbdev" (module does not exist, 0)
[ 134.414] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
[ 134.414] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so
[ 134.415] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 134.415] compiled for 1.21.1.1, module version = 2.5.0
[ 134.415] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 134.415] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[ 134.415] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms
[ 134.415] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa
[ 134.415] xf86EnableIO: failed to enable I/O ports 0000-03ff (Operation not permitted)
[ 134.415] (II) modeset(0): using drv /dev/dri/card0
[ 134.415] (WW) VGA arbiter: cannot open kernel arbiter, no multi-card support
[ 134.415] (II) modeset(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section
"Default Screen Section" for depth/fbbpp 24/32
[ 134.415] (==) modeset(0): Depth 24, (==) framebuffer bpp 32
[ 134.415] (==) modeset(0): RGB weight 888
[ 134.415] (==) modeset(0): Default visual is TrueColor
[ 134.415] (II) Loading sub module "glamoregl"
[ 134.415] (II) LoadModule: "glamoregl"
[ 134.415] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libglamoregl.so
[ 134.422] (II) Module glamoregl: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 134.422] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 1.0.1
[ 134.422] ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.4
[ 134.531] (EE)
[ 134.531] (EE) Backtrace:
[ 134.536] (EE) 0: /usr/lib/Xorg (xorg_backtrace+0x89) [0x55bf51a04049]
[ 134.536] (EE) 1: /usr/lib/Xorg (0x55bf518b4000+0x15ae69) [0x55bf51a0ee69]
[ 134.536] (EE) 2: /usr/lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x7fc5e6e05000+0x13870) [0x7fc5e6e18870]
[ 134.537] (EE) 3: /usr/lib/libLLVM-13.so (0x7fc5dd6dd000+0x1acb683) [0x7fc5df1a8683]
[ 134.538] (EE) 4: /usr/lib/libLLVM-13.so (0x7fc5dd6dd000+0x98d5f8) [0x7fc5de06a5f8]
[ 134.538] (EE) 5: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7fc5e7282000+0xfe2e) [0x7fc5e7291e2e]
[ 134.538] (EE) 6: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7fc5e7282000+0xff1c) [0x7fc5e7291f1c]
[ 134.538] (EE) 7: /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (_dl_catch_exception+0xe5) [0x7fc5e6d6cd45]
[ 134.538] (EE) 8: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7fc5e7282000+0x1420a) [0x7fc5e729620a]
[ 134.538] (EE) 9: /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (_dl_catch_exception+0x88) [0x7fc5e6d6cce8]
[ 134.538] (EE) 10: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7fc5e7282000+0x139bb) [0x7fc5e72959bb]
[ 134.538] (EE) 11: /usr/lib/libdl.so.2 (0x7fc5e706d000+0x236c) [0x7fc5e706f36c]
[ 134.538] (EE) 12: /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (_dl_catch_exception+0x88) [0x7fc5e6d6cce8]
[ 134.538] (EE) 13: /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (_dl_catch_error+0x33) [0x7fc5e6d6cdb3]
[ 134.538] (EE) 14: /usr/lib/libdl.so.2 (0x7fc5e706d000+0x2b99) [0x7fc5e706fb99]
[ 134.538] (EE) 15: /usr/lib/libdl.so.2 (dlopen+0x48) [0x7fc5e706f3f8]
[ 134.538] (EE) 16: /usr/lib/libgbm.so.1 (0x7fc5e6006000+0x66fc) [0x7fc5e600c6fc]
[ 134.538] (EE) 17: /usr/lib/libgbm.so.1 (0x7fc5e6006000+0x85a0) [0x7fc5e600e5a0]
[ 134.539] (EE) 18: /usr/lib/libgbm.so.1 (0x7fc5e6006000+0x871f) [0x7fc5e600e71f]
[ 134.539] (EE) 19: /usr/lib/libgbm.so.1 (0x7fc5e6006000+0x8f1f) [0x7fc5e600ef1f]
[ 134.539] (EE) 20: /usr/lib/libgbm.so.1 (0x7fc5e6006000+0x6885) [0x7fc5e600c885]
[ 134.539] (EE) 21: /usr/lib/libgbm.so.1 (gbm_create_device+0x11a) [0x7fc5e600c9ca]
[ 134.539] (EE) 22: /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libglamoregl.so (glamor_egl_init+0x67) [0x7fc5e5d6d697]
[ 134.539] (EE) 23: /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so (0x7fc5e7264000+0x1096f) [0x7fc5e727496f]
[ 134.539] (EE) 24: /usr/lib/Xorg (InitOutput+0x18b3) [0x55bf51a2b943]
[ 134.539] (EE) 25: /usr/lib/Xorg (0x55bf518b4000+0x3c334) [0x55bf518f0334]
[ 134.539] (EE) 26: /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (__libc_start_main+0xd5) [0x7fc5e6c5bb25]
[ 134.539] (EE) 27: /usr/lib/Xorg (_start+0x2e) [0x55bf518f175e]
[ 134.539] (EE)
[ 134.539] (EE) Segmentation fault at address 0x7fc9e3ec23b0
[ 134.539] (EE)
Fatal server error:
[ 134.539] (EE) Caught signal 11 (Segmentation fault). Server aborting
[ 134.539] (EE)
[ 134.539] (EE)
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support
at http://wiki.x.org
for help.
[ 134.539] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/home/keeyan/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
[ 134.540] (EE)
[ 134.565] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.
我决定尝试使用 xf86-video-intel，它有时会有所帮助，有时会带来伤害。安装后，情况好一点了。 i3 启动得很好，但现在我尝试启动 coredump 的任何 GUI 应用程序（例如 nm-applet、alacrtty、brave 等）：
Jan 15 10:23:05 thinkpad-t480 systemd[1]: Started Process Core Dump (PID 3678/UID 0).
Jan 15 10:23:05 thinkpad-t480 audit[1]: SERVICE_START pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-coredump@2-3678-0 comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'
Jan 15 10:23:05 thinkpad-t480 kernel: audit: type=1130 audit(1642242185.889:130): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-coredump@2-3678-0 comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'
Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 systemd-coredump[3679]: Process 3677 (alacritty) of user 1000 dumped core.
Module linux-vdso.so.1 with build-id 3b23eb9fafd9a6683da8f2a15381914a95d54b1e
Module libicudata.so.70 with build-id e1dcc2a88cfaafed882d09c90c668af0eed4efed
Module liblzma.so.5 with build-id 8b615460aa230708c5183f16bede67aa0437d95e
Module libicuuc.so.70 with build-id 2e245c2bf12f95fd8ab79b3a4be99524677cbd70
Module libxml2.so.2 with build-id b710b880b0d4e9c93554fa632129db44c20632cd
Module libncursesw.so.6 with build-id 859adb8b03a5655151b4da104bc4b326a0d4bc8c
Module libedit.so.0 with build-id 4b0babfcad161c2ad0af6e59e2493258db23a331
Module libffi.so.8 with build-id f90d8b734f6de9b25faedb8cbfab7054dafc0a42
Module libvulkan.so.1 with build-id 0c8486d8689e18bd837da80fe4d17664a248bc10
Module libdrm_nouveau.so.2 with build-id ee16fa6a4d0bd08f5448cfc046ccb76b49aaa8a3
Module libdrm_amdgpu.so.1 with build-id 30d019987d514b23115b47d6b47c1e45c18fdbaf
Module libelf.so.1 with build-id a4fb077dcec6ee26a5fab1fa10c59bd03b1078e4
Module libdrm_radeon.so.1 with build-id 5d1615e0467d0a34a5a82cbd4ebc84851e116307
Module libsensors.so.5 with build-id dc8b2c1c0d8525411aca188ea3cc3fb86d381d30
Module libzstd.so.1 with build-id 6214183688018e3fba6d66db10c2c8d0b45e0578
Module libLLVM-13.so with build-id 82982c299d46219d0eab8ee9cb8bb7365483453b
Module iris_dri.so with build-id ebdb09c64ad01a77f899d04accb3d2e414fe5cf1
Module libstdc++.so.6 with build-id 9b5eeeb149bf3c4efe787fb398b44f00507aec87
Module libxcb-xfixes.so.0 with build-id a6b197ace5b9b59f913f5969eb419a88d1194f47
Module libxshmfence.so.1 with build-id 8876d9ccf620858795724ca24b9e567585a77cec
Module libxcb-sync.so.1 with build-id dda14591103b01b1311906053bf1ca9e82ade35c
Module libxcb-present.so.0 with build-id 68f5465258750e2397b1333b3ffc01ee33caa4e1
Module libxcb-dri3.so.0 with build-id 9407a2480e09dc5a1dd9d9a0652fa8d32b328c91
Module libxcb-shm.so.0 with build-id fb797f299a446f559a95afcc168227482cc800d1
Module libXxf86vm.so.1 with build-id 01e8243d0c6c971fa9e743e6e53d606b1cb76f6e
Module libxcb-dri2.so.0 with build-id 2dd6e65129a809dab828a1d26215a3f7a363fcc8
Module libxcb-glx.so.0 with build-id 8ad115382ad874165523dc5b4488c99d73bbc3c4
Module libdrm.so.2 with build-id 457a1a1bd25f1d5541a10d3f16c5dc1440d77c7d
Module libglapi.so.0 with build-id 9331aed5060062bcfafd463d36506312fab59549
Module libGLX_mesa.so.0 with build-id 76cdb170e96b9ad2d09c67051436088c007f4b7b
Module libGLX.so.0 with build-id 2a08836c6e6126ce9ff4496b6aacaf29ae9b4e7b
Module libGLdispatch.so.0 with build-id 501765b3a78d668860fa54229b18107473aeda4c
Module libGL.so.1 with build-id 912ac4f37a9fa2d5abcf7a9088c9983cfe46f12a
Module libX11-xcb.so.1 with build-id 0db4f94d8ae31b8dc9a83f825a9171656f1e532c
Module libXi.so.6 with build-id 16603be937a02a7e61b0b0395d064be7efd86f49
Module libXext.so.6 with build-id d70f24beb4fad748d6becffdcc13e51be0a2ebfa
Module libXrandr.so.2.2.0 with build-id d4e869b5c72541e1de8f96b456248987ea52d51b
Module libXfixes.so.3 with build-id 0a05c7e8714522bfbdd7c0027c3e2a94965664b0
Module libXrender.so.1 with build-id 97e0b9ab6ba96ebc86527cc2b3c3078aad8616b3
Module libXcursor.so.1 with build-id eb6315bcd7526aaf51b0a1307efdc587cea0a152
Module libX11.so.6 with build-id 5ba5798d193c0065014b8c6252a0678671c8d478
Module libpcre.so.1 with build-id 845483dd0acba86de9f0313102bebbaf3ce52767
Module libbrotlicommon.so.1 with build-id a4ba3f4b4571c8272343b621da812a6e24a202a7
Module libglib-2.0.so.0 with build-id 220436a4e27f39372710df014d2517c0387eefa4
Module libgraphite2.so.3 with build-id 47761dc11e553f519cde97ed9ee985be12ccdae2
Module ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 with build-id 040cc3dd10461562f177df39e3be2f3704258c3c
Module libXdmcp.so.6 with build-id 8ca0792d23c8b8b4c0864297512349292bea5955
Module libXau.so.6 with build-id 1c67764663e07bec24d8951e5fd93f4d165979ff
Module libexpat.so.1 with build-id 16023a53e7b5bbdff92bd0bf2eebd36f9b5b879f
Module libbrotlidec.so.1 with build-id 45defc036e918e0140a72f1fbce6e7692d38241d
Module libharfbuzz.so.0 with build-id 1d9dee49dd99162c3f83eb3259c3c88c6b4cd7fe
Module libpng16.so.16 with build-id 2dc0bce07f199bf983c07a05fb95a6f4af83a9b3
Module libbz2.so.1.0 with build-id 919597c477c9b2cb9cdbb7745ed6494ac0e6da60
Module libz.so.1 with build-id 0c1459c56513efd5d53eb3868290e9afee6a6a26
Module libc.so.6 with build-id 4b406737057708c0e4c642345a703c47a61c73dc
Module libm.so.6 with build-id 2b8fd1f869ecab4e0b55e92f2f151897f6818acf
Module libpthread.so.0 with build-id 07c8f95b4f3251d08550217ad8a1f31066229996
Module librt.so.1 with build-id 75484da2d6f1515189eefa076e0a40328834cd16
Module libutil.so.1 with build-id af6d8200064ee6e6a01252884d166b44f0a6121b
Module libgcc_s.so.1 with build-id 7f8508bb914546ada778809b64b99d234337d835
Module libdl.so.2 with build-id 5abc547e7b0949f89f3c0e21ab0c8331a7440a8a
Module libxcb.so.1 with build-id 0d1ef11740a5daad2ee331e812a51aa6574af222
Module libfontconfig.so.1 with build-id 1103a641395c7d3b42e49b793d3a9ea927c77bf6
Module libfreetype.so.6 with build-id 26c5f833068ff72660d1975cbc2074c3eb47fad8
Module alacritty with build-id 1e625a961519ee171ca24b2cbf8a2f2901d9132e
Stack trace of thread 3677:
#0 0x00007fd3e11c0683 n/a (libLLVM-13.so + 0x1acb683)
#1 0x00007fd3e00825f8 _ZN4llvm3orc13MachOPlatform14notifyRemovingERNS0_15ResourceTrackerE (libLLVM-13.so + 0x98d5f8)
#2 0x00007fd3e9052e2e call_init (ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 + 0xfe2e)
#3 0x00007fd3e9052f1c _dl_init (ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 + 0xff1c)
#4 0x00007fd3e8cb0d45 _dl_catch_exception (libc.so.6 + 0x138d45)
#5 0x00007fd3e905720a dl_open_worker (ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 + 0x1420a)
#6 0x00007fd3e8cb0ce8 _dl_catch_exception (libc.so.6 + 0x138ce8)
#7 0x00007fd3e90569bb _dl_open (ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 + 0x139bb)
#8 0x00007fd3e8ed836c n/a (libdl.so.2 + 0x236c)
#9 0x00007fd3e8cb0ce8 _dl_catch_exception (libc.so.6 + 0x138ce8)
#10 0x00007fd3e8cb0db3 _dl_catch_error (libc.so.6 + 0x138db3)
#11 0x00007fd3e8ed8b99 n/a (libdl.so.2 + 0x2b99)
#12 0x00007fd3e8ed83f8 dlopen (libdl.so.2 + 0x23f8)
#13 0x00007fd3e7ed8208 n/a (libGLX_mesa.so.0 + 0x51208)
#14 0x00007fd3e7edabc9 n/a (libGLX_mesa.so.0 + 0x53bc9)
#15 0x00007fd3e7edbb5e n/a (libGLX_mesa.so.0 + 0x54b5e)
#16 0x00007fd3e7ebe141 n/a (libGLX_mesa.so.0 + 0x37141)
#17 0x00007fd3e7ebe954 n/a (libGLX_mesa.so.0 + 0x37954)
#18 0x00007fd3e7ebed13 n/a (libGLX_mesa.so.0 + 0x37d13)
#19 0x000055dcf1a4d59f n/a (alacritty + 0xa859f)
#20 0x000055dcf1b11b71 n/a (alacritty + 0x16cb71)
#21 0x000055dcf1a5c9a6 n/a (alacritty + 0xb79a6)
#22 0x000055dcf1a589b9 n/a (alacritty + 0xb39b9)
#23 0x000055dcf1a3264b n/a (alacritty + 0x8d64b)
#24 0x000055dcf1b58f83 n/a (alacritty + 0x1b3f83)
#25 0x000055dcf1a40689 n/a (alacritty + 0x9b689)
#26 0x00007fd3e8b9fb25 __libc_start_main (libc.so.6 + 0x27b25)
#27 0x000055dcf1a1011e n/a (alacritty + 0x6b11e)
ELF object binary architecture: AMD x86-64
Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 systemd[1]: [email protected]: Deactivated successfully.
Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 audit[1]: SERVICE_STOP pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-coredump@2-3678-0 comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'
Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 kernel: audit: type=1131 audit(1642242186.009:131): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-coredump@2-3678-0 comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'
Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 audit: BPF prog-id=0 op=UNLOAD
Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 audit: BPF prog-id=0 op=UNLOAD
Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 audit: BPF prog-id=0 op=UNLOAD
Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 kernel: audit: type=1334 audit(1642242186.139:132): prog-id=0 op=UNLOAD
Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 kernel: audit: type=1334 audit(1642242186.139:133): prog-id=0 op=UNLOAD
Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 kernel: audit: type=1334 audit(1642242186.139:134): prog-id=0 op=UNLOAD
我还尝试了使用和不使用 xf86-video-intel 的以下 xorg.conf （以及一些不同的更改，例如禁用 Accel），但它似乎没有帮助（位于https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=208252）：
Section "Device"
Identifier "Intel Graphics"
Driver "intel"
Option "AccelMethod" "uxa"
EndSection
我尝试启动 Linux Mint live USB，一切正常。我可以毫无问题地启动桌面环境、观看视频等。它还预装了 Windows，并且 Windows 也运行良好。自从我买了二手电脑以来，我运行了所有 BIOS 诊断（出于不相关的原因）只是为了检查一切正常并且所有测试也都通过了。我也尝试切换到 linux-lts，但这也没有什么区别:(
我花了很长时间研究这个问题，但一直没能弄清楚。非常感谢任何帮助:)
更新：从头开始重新安装 Arch 后，X 似乎工作正常。我还没有运行任何安装脚本（它们安装我使用的包，配置东西等），所以可能有一些错误破坏了它。我将开始手动运行该脚本的某些部分，直到找出哪个部分破坏了 X，一旦找到，我将在此处发布一个答案，解释导致其发生的原因。
答案1
您的笔记本电脑有 nvidia GPU 吗？我使用的是 Lenovo L340，这是我的 neofetch：
所以我必须添加以下内核参数/etc/default/grub（以禁用nouveau）：
nouveau.modeset=0 i915.enable_psr=0
现在我的/etc/default/grub样子
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="Center"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="splash quiet nouveau.modeset=0 i915.enable_psr=0"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
顺便说一句，如果您想增强您的 Xorg 体验（您和我一样使用的是 UHD620，因此您只需复制并粘贴这些配置即可），请尝试以下操作：
Section "Module"
Load "dri3"
EndSection
Section "Device"
Identifier "Intel Graphics"
Driver "intel"
Option "DRI" "3"
Option "TripleBuffer" "true"
Option "TearFree" "true"
EndSection
这解决了我的屏幕故障和撕裂。
答案2
我尝试重新安装 Arch Linux，它安装得很好，Xorg 似乎可以启动，没有任何问题。但玩了一段时间后，我注意到许多程序会无缘无故地出现段错误。有些东西在 Xorg 之外也无法编译。
这让我怀疑这可能与硬件有关。在询问 SuperUser 问题后，我被建议运行 Memtest86。我运行该程序，它抱怨错误太多。
因此，在这种情况下，问题似乎是由物理 RAM 棒问题引起的，与软件无关。