大约一周前，我的 Windows 10 完全死机了，并带走了我的 Windows 应用程序分区。然而，我能够从我的 Linux 中访问所有数据，所以我做了任何人都会做的事情，并将任何重要的数据复制到另一个驱动器。由于分区仍然损坏并且无法在 Windows 中读取，我决定需要删除分区并重新格式化驱动器。因此，我打开桌面上的图形分区工具（manjaro KDE，即 KDE 分区管理器）并对操作进行排队，删除分区 1、Microsoft 保留分区...分区 2、实际数据分区。然后在整个驱动器上创建一个新分区。
好吧...在我这样做之后，该工具抛出了 sfdisk 错误，并且该驱动器现在不再显示在 parted、fdisk 或 gparted 中，而 KDE 工具显示了一个没有分区且大小为 0B 的驱动器。我什至无法读取智能参数......在 GUI 中它呈灰色，
高清参数：
> sudo hdparm -Ii /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
HDIO_GET_IDENTITY failed: No message of desired type
智能控制：
> sudo smartctl -aT permissive /dev/sda
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.16-1-MANJARO] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
Short INQUIRY response, skip product id
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Health Status: OK
Current Drive Temperature: 0 C
Drive Trip Temperature: 0 C
Read defect list: asked for grown list but didn't get it
Error Counter logging not supported
Device does not support Self Test logging
lsblk：
> lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 0B 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 3,6T 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 16M 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 2,7T 0 part /mnt/media
└─sdb3 8:19 0 932G 0 part /mnt/backup01
sdc 8:32 0 1,8T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 100M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 128M 0 part
├─sdc3 8:35 0 506,8G 0 part /mnt/win7
├─sdc4 8:36 0 1,1T 0 part /mnt/backup02
└─sdc5 8:37 0 268,4G 0 part /mnt/apps
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 100M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 16M 0 part
├─sdd3 8:51 0 930,9G 0 part /mnt/win10
└─sdd4 8:52 0 509M 0 part
sde 8:64 1 0B 0 disk
nvme0n1 259:0 0 465,8G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 301M 0 part /boot/efi
├─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 97,5G 0 part /
├─nvme0n1p3 259:3 0 122,1G 0 part /home
└─nvme0n1p4 259:4 0 245,9G 0 part /mnt/data01
在 GUI 工具中，它现在为我提供的唯一选项是创建一个新的分区表，但尝试只会返回
Command: sfdisk --wipe=always /dev/sda
Create new partition table on device ‘/dev/sda’: Error
Create a new partition table (type: gpt) on ‘/dev/sda’: Error
我正在考虑尝试的一件事是进入我的新 Windows 安装，看看我是否有运气使用那里的分区工具，但说实话，这个驱动器现在看起来有点死了......这太糟糕了，因为它是 2TB SSD ，这些并不便宜。
知道该怎么做才能使驱动器恢复到工作状态吗？
编辑：重新启动系统后，我发现驱动器处于与尝试擦除它之前相同的状态。我现在可以读出智能参数：
> sudo smartctl -aT permissive /dev/sda
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.16-1-MANJARO] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: SanDisk SSD PLUS 2000GB
Serial Number: 2025BG450511
LU WWN Device Id: 5 001b44 4a773f82e
Firmware Version: UP4504RL
User Capacity: 2.000.398.934.016 bytes [2,00 TB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
TRIM Command: Available, deterministic
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-3, ACS-2 T13/2015-D revision 3
SATA Version is: SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Mon Jan 31 18:07:24 2022 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: FAILED!
Drive failure expected in less than 24 hours. SAVE ALL DATA.
No failed Attributes found.
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x11) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
No Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 255) minutes.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 1
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 7810
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 487
165 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 968
166 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 6
167 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 93
168 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 23
169 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 1098
170 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
171 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
172 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
173 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 6
174 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 38
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 063 076 000 Old_age Always - 37 (Min/Max 13/76)
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
230 Unknown_SSD_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 2525458858572
232 Available_Reservd_Space 0x0033 100 100 005 Pre-fail Always - 100
233 Media_Wearout_Indicator 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 12437
234 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 26146
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 9989
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 10056
244 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 000 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
Selective Self-tests/Logging not supported
KDE 分区管理器显示：
答案1
正如驱动器上的评论和智能信息所说，我的驱动器似乎确实快要死了。我唯一能（现在也会）做的就是 RMA。我于 2020 年 9 月购买了该驱动器，大约 16 个月前。不到2年。根据欧洲消费者保护法，我可以并且将会要求退款。幸运的是，我能够在它完全崩溃之前从中抢救出所有重要数据。不过，我有点不安，因为数据仍然可读，而且我不想退回带有我的数据的驱动器。即使它主要是应用程序。另一种方法是刷新 SSD 的控制器固件。仅当固件是损坏的部分而不是实际的存储芯片时，这才有效。我现在不知道如何继续，但这是一个选择......尽管这可能是一个相当渺茫的机会。
不管怎样，我希望这篇文章能够帮助将来的人更快地确定他们的驱动器发生了什么。