我运行配备 SATA Samsung SSD 860 PRO 的 Dell Xeon 服务器。
我正在寻找一种加快其启动时间的方法。
有没有办法让我加快启动时间（ssh准确地说是可达时间）？
我可以看到 的怪物时间问题NetworkManager-wait-online.service，是这个吗？
我做了我的第一次测量使用无限循环：
$ date; while ! ssh-s -t date; do :; done
Wed 16 Mar 2022 08:50:54 AM CET
ssh: connect to host 192.168.0.102 port 22: Connection timed out
ssh: connect to host 192.168.0.102 port 22: Connection timed out
ssh: connect to host 192.168.0.102 port 22: Connection timed out
ssh: connect to host 192.168.0.102 port 22: Connection timed out
Wed 16 Mar 2022 08:51:14 AM CET
Connection to 192.168.0.102 closed.
这是硬件：
# inxi --verbosity 8 --filter
System:
Kernel: 5.10.0-12-amd64 x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: gcc v: 10.2.1
parameters: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.10.0-12-amd64
root=UUID=6eda9fbf-c86e-4e23-8587-427a06bae033 ro fsck.mode=auto fsck.repair=yes
ipv6.disable=1
Desktop: Cinnamon 4.8.6 tk: GTK 3.24.24 wm: Muffin 4.8.1 dm: LightDM 1.26.0
Distro: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)
Machine:
Type: Desktop System: Dell product: PowerEdge T20 v: 00 serial: <filter> Chassis:
type: 6 serial: <filter>
Mobo: Dell model: 0VD5HY v: A04 serial: <filter> UEFI: Dell v: A20 date: 08/20/2019
Memory:
RAM: total: 31.27 GiB used: 700.2 MiB (2.2%)
Array-1: capacity: 32 GiB slots: 4 EC: Single-bit ECC max module size: 8 GiB
note: est.
Device-1: DIMM3 size: 8 GiB speed: 1600 MT/s type: DDR3 detail: synchronous
bus width: 64 bits total: 72 bits manufacturer: Micron part-no: 18KSF1G72AZ-1G6E1
serial: <filter>
Device-2: DIMM1 size: 8 GiB speed: 1600 MT/s type: DDR3 detail: synchronous
bus width: 64 bits total: 72 bits manufacturer: Micron part-no: 18KSF1G72AZ-1G6E1
serial: <filter>
Device-3: DIMM4 size: 8 GiB speed: 1600 MT/s type: DDR3 detail: synchronous
bus width: 64 bits total: 72 bits manufacturer: Micron part-no: 18KSF1G72AZ-1G6E1
serial: <filter>
Device-4: DIMM2 size: 8 GiB speed: 1600 MT/s type: DDR3 detail: synchronous
bus width: 64 bits total: 72 bits manufacturer: Micron part-no: 18KSF1G72AZ-1G6E1
serial: <filter>
PCI Slots:
Slot: 1 type: x16 PCI Express 3 x16 X16 status: Available length: Long
Slot: 2 type: x1 PCI Express 2 x1 X1 status: In Use length: Short
Slot: 3 type: 32-bit PCI PCI status: Available length: Short
Slot: 4 type: x4 PCI Express 2 x4 X4 status: Available length: Short
CPU:
Info: Quad Core model: Intel Xeon E3-1225 v3 bits: 64 type: MCP arch: Haswell
family: 6 model-id: 3C (60) stepping: 3 microcode: 28 L1 cache: 256 KiB
L2 cache: 8 MiB L3 cache: 7.8 MiB bogomips: 25539
Speed: 866 MHz min/max: 800/3600 MHz base/boost: 3200/3800 volts: 1.2 V
ext-clock: 100 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 866 2: 832 3: 851 4: 846
Flags: abm acpi aes aperfmperf apic arat arch_perfmon avx avx2 bmi1 bmi2 bts clflush
cmov constant_tsc cpuid cpuid_fault cx16 cx8 de ds_cpl dtes64 dtherm dts epb ept
ept_ad erms est f16c flexpriority flush_l1d fma fpu fsgsbase fxsr ht ibpb ibrs ida
invpcid invpcid_single lahf_lm lm mca mce md_clear mmx monitor movbe msr mtrr
nonstop_tsc nopl nx pae pat pbe pcid pclmulqdq pdcm pdpe1gb pebs pge pln pni popcnt
pse pse36 pti pts rdrand rdtscp rep_good sdbg sep smep smx ss ssbd sse sse2 sse4_1
sse4_2 ssse3 stibp syscall tm tm2 tpr_shadow tsc tsc_adjust tsc_deadline_timer vme
vmx vnmi vpid x2apic xsave xsaveopt xtopology xtpr
Vulnerabilities: Type: itlb_multihit status: KVM: VMX disabled
Type: l1tf mitigation: PTE Inversion; VMX: conditional cache flushes, SMT disabled
Type: mds mitigation: Clear CPU buffers; SMT disabled
Type: meltdown mitigation: PTI
Type: spec_store_bypass
mitigation: Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp
Type: spectre_v1
mitigation: usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Type: spectre_v2
mitigation: Retpolines, IBPB: conditional, IBRS_FW, STIBP: disabled, RSB filling
Type: srbds mitigation: Microcode
Type: tsx_async_abort status: Not affected
Graphics:
Device-1: Intel Xeon E3-1200 v3 Processor Integrated Graphics vendor: Dell
driver: i915 v: kernel bus ID: 00:02.0 chip ID: 8086:041a class ID: 0300
Display: server: X.Org 1.20.13 driver: loaded: modesetting unloaded: fbdev,vesa
display ID: localhost:10.0 screens: 1
Screen-1: 0 s-res: 3840x2160 s-dpi: 48 s-size: 2032x1143mm (80.0x45.0")
s-diag: 2331mm (91.8")
Monitor-1: eDP-1-1 res: 3840x2160 hz: 60 dpi: 283 size: 345x194mm (13.6x7.6")
diag: 396mm (15.6")
OpenGL: renderer: N/A v: N/A direct render: N/A
Audio:
Message: No Device data found.
Network:
Device-1: Intel Ethernet I217-LM vendor: Dell driver: e1000e v: kernel port: f080
bus ID: 00:19.0 chip ID: 8086:153a class ID: 0200
IF: eth0 state: up speed: 1000 Mbps duplex: full mac: <filter>
IP v4: <filter> type: noprefixroute scope: global broadcast: <filter>
WAN IP: <filter>
Bluetooth:
Message: No Bluetooth data was found.
Logical:
Message: No LVM data was found.
RAID:
Message: No RAID data was found.
Drives:
Local Storage: total: 238.47 GiB used: 9.23 GiB (3.9%)
ID-1: /dev/sda maj-min: 8:0 vendor: Samsung model: SSD 860 PRO 256GB
family: based SSDs size: 238.47 GiB block size: physical: 512 B logical: 512 B
sata: 3.1 speed: 6.0 Gb/s rotation: SSD serial: <filter> rev: 2B6Q temp: 23 C
scheme: GPT
SMART: yes state: enabled health: PASSED on: 1y 25d 1h cycles: 1044
written: 3.77 TiB
Message: No Optical or Floppy data was found.
Partition:
ID-1: / raw size: 237.97 GiB size: 234.11 GiB (98.38%) used: 9.22 GiB (3.9%)
fs: ext4 block size: 4096 B dev: /dev/sda2 maj-min: 8:2 label: N/A
uuid: 6eda9fbf-c86e-4e23-8587-427a06bae033
ID-2: /boot/efi raw size: 512 MiB size: 511 MiB (99.80%) used: 3.4 MiB (0.7%)
fs: vfat block size: 512 B dev: /dev/sda1 maj-min: 8:1 label: N/A uuid: 22B0-57B9
Swap:
Alert: No Swap data was found.
Unmounted:
Message: No Unmounted partitions found.
USB:
Hub-1: 1-0:1 info: Full speed (or root) Hub ports: 3 rev: 2.0 speed: 480 Mb/s
chip ID: 1d6b:0002 class ID: 0900
Hub-2: 1-1:2 info: Intel Integrated Rate Matching Hub ports: 6 rev: 2.0
speed: 480 Mb/s chip ID: 8087:8008 class ID: 0900
Hub-3: 2-0:1 info: Full speed (or root) Hub ports: 15 rev: 2.0 speed: 480 Mb/s
chip ID: 1d6b:0002 class ID: 0900
Hub-4: 3-0:1 info: Full speed (or root) Hub ports: 3 rev: 2.0 speed: 480 Mb/s
chip ID: 1d6b:0002 class ID: 0900
Hub-5: 3-1:2 info: Intel Integrated Rate Matching Hub ports: 8 rev: 2.0
speed: 480 Mb/s chip ID: 8087:8000 class ID: 0900
Hub-6: 4-0:1 info: Full speed (or root) Hub ports: 6 rev: 3.0 speed: 5 Gb/s
chip ID: 1d6b:0003 class ID: 0900
Sensors:
System Temperatures: cpu: 29.8 C mobo: 27.8 C
Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A
Repos:
Packages: 2134 apt: 2131 lib: 1242 flatpak: 3
Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list
1: deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main contrib non-free
2: deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
3: deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
4: deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list
1: deb [arch=amd64] https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/stable/
No active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list
Processes:
CPU top: 5 of 153
1: cpu: 0.3% command: init pid: 1 mem: 10.3 MiB (0.0%)
2: cpu: 0.1% command: lightdm-gtk-greeter pid: 606 mem: 68.9 MiB (0.2%)
3: cpu: 0.0% command: [kthreadd] pid: 2 mem: 0.00 MiB (0.0%)
4: cpu: 0.0% command: [rcu_gp] pid: 3 mem: 0.00 MiB (0.0%)
5: cpu: 0.0% command: [rcu_par_gp] pid: 4 mem: 0.00 MiB (0.0%)
Memory top: 5 of 153
1: mem: 68.9 MiB (0.2%) command: lightdm-gtk-greeter pid: 606 cpu: 0.1%
2: mem: 44.2 MiB (0.1%) command: xorg pid: 556 cpu: 0.0%
3: mem: 37.3 MiB (0.1%) command: goa-daemon pid: 669 cpu: 0.0%
4: mem: 26.2 MiB (0.0%) command: tracker-miner-fs pid: 605 cpu: 0.0%
5: mem: 17.4 MiB (0.0%) command: systemd-journald pid: 253 cpu: 0.0%
Info:
Processes: 153 Uptime: 6m wakeups: 0 Init: systemd v: 247 runlevel: 5 Compilers:
gcc: 10.2.1 alt: 10/4.9/6/8 Shell: Bash v: 5.1.4 running in: sshd (SSH) inxi: 3.3.01
dmesg第一行+最后一行：
[Wed Mar 16 08:51:06 2022] microcode: microcode updated early to revision 0x28, date = 2019-11-12
...
[Wed Mar 16 08:51:12 2022] e1000e 0000:00:19.0 eth0: NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: Rx/Tx
systemd-analyze：
# systemd-analyze blame
3.163s NetworkManager-wait-online.service
406ms netfilter-persistent.service
240ms dev-sda2.device
176ms systemd-journal-flush.service
115ms udisks2.service
103ms exim4.service
102ms [email protected]
101ms accounts-daemon.service
93ms apparmor.service
85ms e2scrub_reap.service
83ms systemd-udev-trigger.service
82ms boot-efi.mount
80ms keyboard-setup.service
76ms plymouth-start.service
75ms upower.service
70ms [email protected]
66ms smartmontools.service
61ms systemd-journald.service
52ms avahi-daemon.service
51ms systemd-logind.service
49ms ifupdown-pre.service
45ms systemd-timesyncd.service
41ms wpa_supplicant.service
38ms lightdm.service
34ms NetworkManager.service
32ms networking.service
32ms systemd-udevd.service
31ms run-rpc_pipefs.mount
29ms ssh.service
21ms systemd-remount-fs.service
21ms systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-22B0\x2d57B9.service
21ms lm-sensors.service
19ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
16ms systemd-modules-load.service
15ms systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
15ms rsyslog.service
12ms polkit.service
12ms atd.service
11ms [email protected]
11ms rpcbind.service
11ms dev-hugepages.mount
11ms plymouth-read-write.service
11ms dev-mqueue.mount
11ms systemd-sysusers.service
10ms [email protected]
10ms sys-kernel-debug.mount
9ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service
9ms sys-kernel-tracing.mount
9ms systemd-random-seed.service
9ms gdomap.service
8ms kmod-static-nodes.service
8ms systemd-sysctl.service
7ms [email protected]
7ms [email protected]
7ms [email protected]
6ms systemd-update-utmp.service
5ms nfs-config.service
5ms systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service
5ms systemd-user-sessions.service
4ms console-setup.service
4ms sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount
3ms sys-kernel-config.mount
1ms rc-local.service
1ms plymouth-quit-wait.service
# systemd-analyze critical-chain
The time when unit became active or started is printed after the "@" character.
The time the unit took to start is printed after the "+" character.
graphical.target @4.307s
└─multi-user.target @4.307s
└─exim4.service @4.204s +103ms
└─network-online.target @4.203s
└─NetworkManager-wait-online.service @1.040s +3.163s
└─NetworkManager.service @1.004s +34ms
└─network-pre.target @1.004s
└─netfilter-persistent.service @597ms +406ms
└─local-fs.target @595ms
└─run-user-117-gvfs.mount @1.544s
└─run-user-117.mount @1.373s
└─local-fs-pre.target @314ms
└─keyboard-setup.service @234ms +80ms
└─systemd-journald.socket @230ms
└─system.slice @181ms
└─-.slice @181ms
答案1
因此，总启动时间约为 20 秒，其中 NIC 启动之前的内核/操作系统启动时间约为 6 秒，NIC 激活后还有 2 秒用于启动网络服务。
这使得固件和引导加载程序成为最大的单个组件，总共 12 秒。您可能需要检查固件设置（BIOS/UEFI 设置）以确保跳过或尽快执行任何内存测试等。
你的“怪物时间问题NetworkManager-wait-online.service”只有大约 3 或 4 秒。
您可能需要添加e1000e并/etc/initramfs-tools/modules在update-initramfs -u其后以 root 身份运行，以确保尽早加载 NIC 驱动程序模块。如果可能的话，您还需要关闭系统网络交换机端口中的任何节能以太网 (EEE) 或其他节能功能：这应该会简化并加速物理网络连接的启动。