因此,我尝试使用该cp
命令将一些文件从一个文件夹复制到另一个文件夹,但是在尝试时它给了我这个错误:
debian@OCR-1:/mnt/rootfs/boot$ ls
MLO omap3-overo-storm-arbor43c.dtb uEnv.txt zImage-3.18-20150915
initrd-ubi.img u-boot.img zImage
debian@OCR-1:~$ cp /mnt/rootfs/boot/MLO /var/log/MLO
cp: can't create '/var/log/MLO': Permission denied
所以然后我尝试执行相同的命令,sudo
但它也不起作用:
debian@OCR-1:~$ sudo cp /mnt/rootfs/boot/MLO /var/log/MLO
-bash: sudo: command not found
在我尝试查看每个文件夹的权限后:
debian@OCR-1:/var$ ls -l
total 5
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 May 16 2018 archive
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 0 Jan 1 00:00 lib
drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 0 Jan 1 00:56 lock
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 1024 Jan 1 00:00 log
drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 0 Jan 1 00:01 run
drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 0 Jan 1 00:00 spool
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Jan 1 00:00 www
debian@OCR-1:/mnt/rootfs/boot$ ls -l
total 11160
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 59148 Jan 24 2014 MLO
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1220219 Jan 1 00:16 initrd-ubi.img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 69463 Jan 24 2014 omap3-overo-storm-arbor43c.dtb
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 470632 Jan 24 2014 u-boot.img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2038 Jan 1 00:16 uEnv.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4798000 Jan 1 00:20 zImage
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4798000 Jan 24 2014 zImage-3.18-20150915
但后来我不知道下一步该做什么,因为我不知道如何理解数据。有人可以帮我解决这个问题吗?
[编辑]
所以我试图看看我是否有 root 访问权限,但它向我展示了这一点:
debian@OCR-1:~$ id
uid=1000(debian) gid=1002(debian) groups=4(adm),20(dialout),24(cdrom),25(floppy),29(audio),30(dip),44(video),46(plugdev),100(users),106(netdev),108(i2c),1000(admin),1001(spi),1002(debian)
debian@OCR-1:~$ whoami
debian
debian@OCR-1:~$ su -
su: must be suid to work properly
然后我尝试安装sudo
,但不能:
debian@OCR-1:~$ apt update && apt install -y sudo
-bash: apt: command not found
答案1
为了能够sudo
在debian上使用,首先需要安装并配置它。
安装sudo
:
首先您需要登录您的根帐户。
然后运行以下命令来安装该sudo
软件包:
apt update && apt install -y sudo
配置sudo
:
如果安装完成且没有错误,您可以配置sudo
为允许您的用户升级权限。 Debian 通常默认配置为允许 sudo 组中的用户通过 sudo 运行命令。您可以在仍然登录 root 帐户的情况下运行visudo
并查找以下行来检查这一点:
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
#
如果前面有 ,%sudo
请将其删除,以便该行看起来与上面完全相同。请务必小心,不要弄乱该文件,因为它可能会使您的系统无法使用!
将您的用户添加到 sudo 组:
如果该行存在,您可以将普通用户(在您的情况下)添加debian
到 sudo 组。你可以这样做usermod
:
usermod -aG sudo debian
where-aG
表示“附加到组”
-a, --append
Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the -G option.
-G, --groups GROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]]
A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same
restrictions as the group given with the -g option.
If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the -a option, which appends the user to the current
supplementary group list.
现在注销 root 帐户并登录到您的 debian 用户帐户。您现在应该能够通过 root 身份运行命令sudo
。
笔记:该目录/var/log/
通常仅用于自动生成的日志文件。