我有一个命令的输出。
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 A1
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 A2
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 A3
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 A4
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 A5
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 1 A6
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 B1
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 B2
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 B3
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 B4
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 B5
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 B6
所以我所有的专栏都是直的。唯一改变的数字是第 2 列和第 3 列中的数字。但是，如果其中一个数字更改为小数点后两位或更多，我的第三列将与其余列不一致。
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 A1
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#1_DIMM#0 15 0 A2
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 A3
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 A4
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 A5
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 347 A6
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 B1
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 B2
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 B3
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 B4
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 B5
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 B6
无论数字有多少位小数，如何才能保持列的正确性？这就是我希望的样子。
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 A1
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#1_DIMM#0 15 0 A2
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 A3
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 A4
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 A5
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 347 A6
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 B1
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 B2
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 B3
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 B4
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 B5
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 B6
答案1
如果您无法修改代码产生格式化从一开始就生成对齐列的数据，然后您可以使用该column实用程序对输出进行后处理：
some_command | column -t
运行问题中未对齐的数据column -t会产生以下输出：
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 A1
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#1_DIMM#0 15 0 A2
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 A3
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 A4
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 A5
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 347 A6
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 B1
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 B2
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 B3
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 B4
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 B5
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 B6
这样做的一个可能的缺点是column -t将列之间的最小距离缩小到两个空间。
您还可以通过与数据一起输出对齐字符（字段分隔符）来“修复”此问题，如下面未对齐的数据所示：
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#0_DIMM#0 |0 |0 |A1
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#1_DIMM#0 |15 |0 |A2
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#2_DIMM#0 |0 |0 |A3
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#0_DIMM#0 |0 |0 |A4
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#1_DIMM#0 |0 |0 |A5
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0 |0 |347 |A6
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#0_DIMM#0 |0 |0 |B1
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#1_DIMM#0 |0 |0 |B2
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#2_DIMM#0 |0 |0 |B3
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#0_DIMM#0 |0 |0 |B4
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#1_DIMM#0 |0 |0 |B5
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0 |0 |0 |B6
使用column -t -s '|'此数据将导致
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 A1
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#1_DIMM#0 15 0 A2
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 A3
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 A4
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 A5
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 347 A6
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 B1
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 B2
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 B3
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 B4
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 B5
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 B6
答案2
一般来说，这取决于您生成数据的方式。例如，如果您有printf某种类型的语句（无论是 C、bash 还是其他语言），您需要设置字段宽度。
例如在bash中：
printf "%30s %3d %3d %5s" "CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0" 0 347 A6
只要数字最多有 3 位数字，就会将其排列起来。
如果您无法控制生成，则排列字段的通用方法是命令column。将你的命令通过管道输入column -t，然后将它们排列起来，如下所示：
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 A1
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#1_DIMM#0 15 0 A2
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#0_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 A3
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 A4
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 A5
CPU_SrcID#0_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 347 A6
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 B1
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 B2
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#0_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 B3
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#0_DIMM#0 0 0 B4
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#1_DIMM#0 0 0 B5
CPU_SrcID#1_MC#1_Chan#2_DIMM#0 0 0 B6
请注意，这会将数字左对齐，而不是像右对齐printf。通常右对齐数字更好，因此最好更改代。在某些版本上，column您可以添加一个选项-R 2,3来右对齐这两列，但您的版本可能没有该选项。
如果您想对格式进行更多控制，可以将输出通过管道传输到循环中while read，并用于printf重新打印值，如下所示：
command | while read label num1 num2 code
do printf "%30s %3d %3d %2s\n" "$label" "$num1" "$num2" "$code"
done