我的开发机器经常面临CPU卡顿的情况。
这种错误是随机发生的，在启动时更常见，但任何时候都可能发生，特别是当 CPU 负载较大时。
您可以在此处看到dmesg此类错误的一个。
[ 6.239299] virtio_ring: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel
[ 27.246141] rcu: INFO: rcu_preempt self-detected stall on CPU
[ 27.247073] rcu: 2-...!: (5250 ticks this GP) idle=693/1/0x4000000000000000 softirq=403/403 fqs=15
[ 27.248277] (t=5251 jiffies g=381 q=2544)
[ 27.248290] rcu: rcu_preempt kthread starved for 5014 jiffies! g381 f0x0 RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS(5) ->state=0x0 ->cpu=3
[ 27.249569] rcu: Unless rcu_preempt kthread gets sufficient CPU time, OOM is now expected behavior.
[ 27.250733] rcu: RCU grace-period kthread stack dump:
[ 27.251460] task:rcu_preempt state:R running task stack: 0 pid: 14 ppid: 2 flags:0x00004000
[ 27.251506] Call Trace:
[ 27.251526] <TASK>
[ 27.251588] __schedule+0x302/0x9b0
[ 27.251690] schedule+0x4e/0xc0
[ 27.251692] schedule_timeout+0x88/0x150
[ 27.251711] ? __bpf_trace_tick_stop+0x10/0x10
[ 27.251721] rcu_gp_fqs_loop+0xfc/0x380
[ 27.251769] ? rcu_gp_init+0x550/0x550
[ 27.251771] rcu_gp_kthread+0xa7/0x130
[ 27.251773] kthread+0x16b/0x190
[ 27.251797] ? set_kthread_struct+0x40/0x40
[ 27.251799] ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30
[ 27.251840] </TASK>
[ 27.251842] rcu: Stack dump where RCU GP kthread last ran:
[ 27.252622] Sending NMI from CPU 2 to CPUs 3:
[ 27.252660] NMI backtrace for cpu 3
[ 27.252662] CPU: 3 PID: 132 Comm: systemd-udevd Tainted: G E 5.16.0snappy-dirty #15
[ 27.252664] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.13.0-1ubuntu1.1 04/01/2014
[ 27.252665] RIP: 0010:strnlen+0x17/0x30
[ 27.252685] Code: 38 00 75 f7 48 29 f8 c3 31 c0 c3 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 48 8d 14 37 48 89 f8 48 85 f6 75 0b eb 19 48 83 c0 01 48 39 c2 74 09 <80> 38 00 75 f2 48 29 f8 c3 48 89 d0 48 29 f8 c3 31 c0 c3 66 0f 1f
[ 27.252686] RSP: 0018:ffffc90000463d38 EFLAGS: 00010202
[ 27.252688] RAX: ffffffffc0020298 RBX: 0000000000000007 RCX: ffffc9000079d3d0
[ 27.252689] RDX: ffffffffc00202d0 RSI: 0000000000000038 RDI: ffffffffc0020298
[ 27.252690] RBP: 0000000000000001 R08: ffffffffc0039de8 R09: ffffffffc0037000
[ 27.252691] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000003 R12: ffffffffc0020280
[ 27.252691] R13: ffffffffc00341d8 R14: ffffffffc0020298 R15: 000000000000002d
[ 27.252692] FS: 00007f10066628c0(0000) GS:ffff88817bd80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 27.252693] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 27.252694] CR2: 00007f100665acd7 CR3: 000000017bcd0002 CR4: 0000000000370ee0
[ 27.252756] Call Trace:
[ 27.252794] <TASK>
[ 27.252794] find_module_all+0x59/0xa0
[ 32.217835] watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 27s! [systemd-udevd:134]
[ 32.218993] Modules linked in: scsi_common(E) i2c_smbus(E)
[ 32.221866] watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#1 stuck for 27s! [systemd-udevd:145]
[ 32.223178] Modules linked in: scsi_common(E) i2c_smbus(E) virtio(E+)
[ 246.844676] virtio(E+)
[ 246.844967] virtio_ring(E)
[ 246.845011] virtio_ring(E)
[ 246.845161] CPU: 0 PID: 134 Comm: systemd-udevd Tainted: G E 5.16.0snappy-dirty #15
[ 246.845162] CPU: 1 PID: 145 Comm: systemd-udevd Tainted: G E 5.16.0snappy-dirty #15
[ 246.845225] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.13.0-1ubuntu1.1 04/01/2014
[ 246.845228] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.13.0-1ubuntu1.1 04/01/2014
[ 246.845135] load_module+0xe08/0x2720
[ 246.845322] RIP: 0010:sysfs_kf_seq_show+0x19/0xf0
[ 246.845325] RIP: 0010:sysfs_kf_seq_show+0x19/0xf0
[ 246.845333] ? kernel_read_file_from_fd+0x51/0x90
[ 246.845365] __do_sys_finit_module+0xae/0x110
[ 246.845387] Code: 5d 41 5c c3 66 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 90 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 53 48 8b 77 70 48 89 fb 48 8b 06 48 8b 40 08 4c 8b 40 60 <49> 8b 68 28 48 85 ed 74 04 48 8b 6d 08 48 83 7d 00 00 0f 84 aa 00
[ 246.845389] Code: 5d 41 5c c3 66 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 90 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 53 48 8b 77 70 48 89 fb 48 8b 06 48 8b 40 08 4c 8b 40 60 <49> 8b 68 28 48 85 ed 74 04 48 8b 6d 08 48 83 7d 00 00 0f 84 aa 00
[ 246.845390] RSP: 0018:ffffc900004c3dd8 EFLAGS: 00010203
[ 246.845391] RSP: 0018:ffffc90000473dd8 EFLAGS: 00010203
[ 246.845392] RAX: ffff88814c42b500 RBX: ffff8881537de258 RCX: 0000000000000001
[ 246.845398] RDX: ffff88810035c300 RSI: ffff88810035c300 RDI: ffff8881537de258
[ 246.845393] RAX: ffff88814c42b500 RBX: ffff888161c9d690 RCX: 0000000000000001
[ 246.845399] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: ffffffffc00202d0 R09: ffff888161c0c000
[ 246.845368] do_syscall_64+0x3b/0xc0
[ 246.845400] RDX: ffff8881008f2900 RSI: ffff8881008f2900 RDI: ffff888161c9d690
[ 246.845401] R10: 0000000000020000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffffc900004c3e80
[ 246.845401] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: ffffffffc00202d0 R09: ffff8881008bc000
[ 246.845402] R10: 0000000000020000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffffc90000473e80
[ 246.845402] R13: ffffc900004c3e58 R14: ffff8881537de280 R15: 0000000000000001
[ 246.845403] R13: ffffc90000473e58 R14: ffff888161c9d6b8 R15: 0000000000000001
[ 246.845411] FS: 00007f10066628c0(0000) GS:ffff88817bc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 246.845411] FS: 00007f10066628c0(0000) GS:ffff88817bc80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 246.845413] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 246.845413] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 246.845414] CR2: 00007f1006661b0f CR3: 000000017bce6004 CR4: 0000000000370ee0
[ 246.845414] CR2: 00007f1006661b0f CR3: 000000017bcd4006 CR4: 0000000000370ef0
[ 246.845419] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
[ 246.845471] Call Trace:
[ 246.845472] Call Trace:
[ 246.845471] RIP: 0033:0x7f1006b1b9b9
[ 246.845529] <TASK>
[ 246.845530] <TASK>
[ 246.845540] seq_read_iter+0x11c/0x450
[ 246.845541] seq_read_iter+0x11c/0x450
[ 246.845575] new_sync_read+0x118/0x1a0
[ 246.845575] new_sync_read+0x118/0x1a0
[ 246.845597] Code: 00 c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d a7 54 0c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48
[ 246.845599] RSP: 002b:00007ffe5105cc18 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000139
[ 246.845601] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055d52bbf3ea0 RCX: 00007f1006b1b9b9
[ 246.845602] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007f1006ca6e2d RDI: 0000000000000005
[ 246.845603] RBP: 0000000000020000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 000055d52bbe0290
[ 246.845604] R10: 0000000000000005 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007f1006ca6e2d
[ 246.845604] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 000055d52bbdeee0 R15: 000055d52bbf3ea0
[ 246.845604] vfs_read+0xf2/0x190
[ 246.845604] vfs_read+0xf2/0x190
[ 246.845606] </TASK>
[ 246.845619] ksys_read+0x5f/0xe0
[ 246.845619] ksys_read+0x5f/0xe0
[ 246.845622] do_syscall_64+0x3b/0xc0
[ 246.845622] do_syscall_64+0x3b/0xc0
[ 246.845624] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
[ 246.845630] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
[ 246.845633] RIP: 0033:0x7f1006bfb04e
[ 246.845634] RIP: 0033:0x7f1006bfb04e
[ 246.845648] Code: 0f 1f 40 00 48 8b 15 79 9f 00 00 f7 d8 64 89 02 48 c7 c0 ff ff ff ff eb ba 0f 1f 00 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 14 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 5a c3 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 48 83 ec 28
[ 246.845649] Code: 0f 1f 40 00 48 8b 15 79 9f 00 00 f7 d8 64 89 02 48 c7 c0 ff ff ff ff eb ba 0f 1f 00 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 14 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 5a c3 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 48 83 ec 28
[ 246.845650] RSP: 002b:00007ffe5105bb28 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000000
[ 246.845652] RSP: 002b:00007ffe5105bb28 EFLAGS: 00000246
[ 246.845653] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00007f1006bfb04e
[ 246.845653] ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000000
[ 246.845654] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00007f1006bfb04e
[ 246.845654] RDX: 000000000000001f RSI: 00007ffe5105bbf0 RDI: 000000000000000c
[ 246.845655] RBP: 00007ffe5105bbf0 R08: 00000000ffffffff R09: 00007ffe5105b9f0
[ 246.845655] RDX: 000000000000001f RSI: 00007ffe5105bbf0 RDI: 0000000000000005
[ 246.845656] RBP: 00007ffe5105bbf0 R08: 00000000ffffffff R09: 00007ffe5105b9f0
[ 246.845656] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 000000000000000c
[ 246.845657] R13: 00007ffe5105bbf0 R14: 000000000000001f R15: 00007ffe5105bbf0
[ 246.845658] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000005
[ 246.845659] R13: 00007ffe5105bbf0 R14: 000000000000001f R15: 00007ffe5105bbf0
[ 246.845660] </TASK>
[ 246.845661] </TASK>
[ 246.845664] NMI backtrace for cpu 2
[ 246.845674] CPU: 2 PID: 135 Comm: systemd-udevd Tainted: G EL 5.16.0snappy-dirty #15
[ 246.845677] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.13.0-1ubuntu1.1 04/01/2014
[ 246.845686] Call Trace:
[ 246.845689] INFO: NMI handler (nmi_cpu_backtrace_handler) took too long to run: 219592.992 msecs
[ 246.845783] <IRQ>
[ 246.845801] dump_stack_lvl+0x48/0x5e
[ 246.845825] nmi_cpu_backtrace.cold+0x30/0x77
[ 246.845828] ? lapic_can_unplug_cpu+0x80/0x80
[ 246.845830] nmi_trigger_cpumask_backtrace+0x104/0x130
[ 246.845869] rcu_dump_cpu_stacks+0xd8/0x100
[ 246.845917] rcu_sched_clock_irq.cold+0x60/0x2f3
[ 246.845966] ? sched_slice+0x74/0x130
[ 246.845974] ? perf_event_task_tick+0x6c/0x3d0
[ 246.845994] update_process_times+0x93/0xc0
[ 246.846017] tick_sched_handle+0x22/0x60
[ 246.846039] tick_sched_timer+0x84/0xb0
[ 246.846041] ? can_stop_idle_tick+0xd0/0xd0
[ 246.846043] __hrtimer_run_queues+0x12a/0x2c0
[ 246.846053] hrtimer_interrupt+0x106/0x220
[ 246.846062] __sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x7f/0x160
[ 246.846082] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x9d/0xd0
[ 246.846100] </IRQ>
[ 246.846101] <TASK>
[ 246.846101] asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x12/0x20
[ 246.846143] RIP: 0010:bus_register+0x45/0x260
[ 246.846186] Code: 4b b7 00 53 e8 dc 49 c8 ff 48 85 c0 0f 84 22 02 00 00 48 89 a8 28 01 00 00 48 89 c3 48 8d b8 f0 00 00 00 48 c7 c2 d0 02 0a 83 <48> 89 85 a0 00 00 00 48 c7 c6 ed 2e 17 82 4c 8d 6b 18 e8 d4 69 ab
[ 246.846188] RSP: 0018:ffffc9000047bdc8 EFLAGS: 00010286
[ 246.846189] RAX: ffff888101784200 RBX: ffff888101784200 RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 246.846190] RDX: ffffffff830a02d0 RSI: ffffffff81639854 RDI: ffff8881017842f0
[ 246.846191] RBP: ffffffffc0020000 R08: 0000000000000200 R09: ffff888101784200
[ 246.846192] R10: ffff88817bc3c100 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff88817bc3aba0
[ 246.846193] R13: ffffc9000047be88 R14: 0000000000000005 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 246.846195] ? bus_register+0x24/0x260
[ 246.846238] ? bus_register+0x24/0x260
[ 246.846241] ? virtio_dev_probe+0x240/0x240 [virtio]
[ 246.846278] virtio_init+0x11/0x1c [virtio]
[ 246.846303] do_one_initcall+0x44/0x200
[ 246.846361] ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x2f1/0x3f0
[ 246.846369] do_init_module+0x5c/0x240
[ 246.846372] __do_sys_finit_module+0xae/0x110
[ 246.846374] do_syscall_64+0x3b/0xc0
[ 246.846376] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
[ 246.846379] RIP: 0033:0x7f1006b1b9b9
[ 246.846395] Code: 00 c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d a7 54 0c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48
[ 246.846397] RSP: 002b:00007ffe5105cbf8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000139
[ 246.846399] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055d52bbdeee0 RCX: 00007f1006b1b9b9
[ 246.846400] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007f1006ca6e2d RDI: 0000000000000005
[ 246.846401] RBP: 0000000000020000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 000055d52bbdeee0
[ 246.846402] R10: 0000000000000005 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007f1006ca6e2d
[ 246.846403] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 000055d52bbf8540 R15: 000055d52bbdeee0
[ 246.846405] </TASK>
如果我让机器保持活动状态，它通常会在很长一段时间后设法“恢复”。这次是4分钟后。这可能是由于内核超时造成的。
造成此类问题的原因是什么？我的机器是VMware Workstation VM（2级虚拟化）内的KVM VM。它运行 Debian bullseye。我显示此消息的虚拟机使用自定义 5.16 内核，但普通内核也发生了相同的错误。