在我的无头 debian 11（牛眼）服务器上，当我尝试安装时libvirt-daemon-system，apt几乎会安装整个图形环境，包括音频库和所有内容：
mic@micserver:~$ sudo apt install libvirt-daemon-system
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
adwaita-icon-theme alsa-topology-conf alsa-ucm-conf at-spi2-core augeas-lenses dbus-user-session dconf-gsettings-backend dconf-service fontconfig glib-networking glib-networking-common
glib-networking-services gsettings-desktop-schemas gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-x gtk-update-icon-cache hicolor-icon-theme i965-va-driver
ibverbs-providers intel-media-va-driver ipxe-qemu jq libaa1 libaacs0 libasound2 libasound2-data libass9 libasyncns0 libatk-bridge2.0-0 libatk1.0-0 libatk1.0-data libatspi2.0-0 libaugeas0 libavc1394-0
libavcodec58 libavfilter7 libavformat58 libavutil56 libbdplus0 libbluray2 libbrlapi0.8 libbs2b0 libcaca0 libcacard0 libcairo-gobject2 libcairo2 libcapstone4 libcdparanoia0 libchromaprint1 libcodec2-0.9
libcolord2 libdatrie1 libdaxctl1 libdconf1 libdrm-amdgpu1 libdrm-common libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau2 libdrm-radeon1 libdrm2 libdv4 libdw1 libepoxy0 libexecs0 libfdt1 libflac8 libflite1 libfribidi0 libgbm1
libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-bin libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common libgfortran5 libgl1 libgl1-mesa-dri libglapi-mesa libglvnd0 libglx-mesa0 libglx0 libgme0 libgraphite2-3 libgsm1 libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0
libgstreamer1.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libgudev-1.0-0 libharfbuzz0b libibverbs1 libiec61883-0 libigdgmm11 libjack-jackd2-0 libjq1 libjson-glib-1.0-0 libjson-glib-1.0-common liblapack3
liblilv-0-0 libmfx1 libmp3lame0 libmpg123-0 libmysofa1 libndctl6 libnetcf1 libnl-route-3-200 libnorm1 libogg0 libopenmpt0 libopus0 liborc-0.4-0 libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpangoft2-1.0-0 libparted2
libpciaccess0 libpgm-5.3-0 libpixman-1-0 libpmem1 libpocketsphinx3 libpolkit-agent-1-0 libpolkit-gobject-1-0 libpostproc55 libproxy1v5 libpulse0 libquadmath0 librabbitmq4 libraw1394-11 librdmacm1
librest-0.7-0 librsvg2-2 librsvg2-common librubberband2 libsamplerate0 libserd-0-0 libshine3 libshout3 libslirp0 libsndfile1 libsord-0-0 libsoup-gnome2.4-1 libsoup2.4-1 libsoxr0 libspeex1 libsphinxbase3
libspice-server1 libsratom-0-0 libsrt1.4-gnutls libssh-gcrypt-4 libswresample3 libswscale5 libtag1v5 libtag1v5-vanilla libthai-data libthai0 libtheora0 libtwolame0 libudfread0 libunwind8 liburing1
libusbredirparser1 libv4l-0 libv4lconvert0 libva-drm2 libva-x11-2 libva2 libvdeplug2 libvdpau-va-gl1 libvdpau1 libvidstab1.1 libvirglrenderer1 libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon libvirt-daemon-config-network
libvirt-daemon-config-nwfilter libvirt-daemon-driver-lxc libvirt-daemon-driver-vbox libvirt-daemon-driver-xen libvisual-0.4-0 libvorbis0a libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libvpx6 libvte-2.91-0 libvte-2.91-common
libvulkan1 libwavpack1 libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-egl1 libwayland-server0 libx11-xcb1 libx264-160 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-render0
libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-xfixes0 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxencall1 libxendevicemodel1 libxenevtchn1 libxenforeignmemory1 libxengnttab1 libxenhypfs1 libxenmisc4.14 libxenstore3.0
libxentoolcore1 libxentoollog1 libxfixes3 libxinerama1 libxkbcommon0 libxml2-utils libxrandr2 libxshmfence1 libxv1 libxvidcore4 libxxf86vm1 libzmq5 libzvbi-common libzvbi0 mdevctl mesa-va-drivers
mesa-vdpau-drivers mesa-vulkan-drivers ocl-icd-libopencl1 ovmf parted pocketsphinx-en-us policykit-1 qemu-system-common qemu-system-data qemu-system-gui qemu-system-x86 qemu-utils seabios va-driver-all
vdpau-driver-all
但我不明白这是从哪里来的。看看apt-cache dependencies，这个包看起来更加理智：
mic@micserver:~$ apt-cache depends libvirt-daemon-system
libvirt-daemon-system
Depends: adduser
Depends: gettext-base
|Depends: iptables
Depends: firewalld
Depends: libvirt-clients
Depends: libvirt-daemon
Depends: libvirt-daemon-config-network
Depends: libvirt-daemon-config-nwfilter
|Depends: libvirt-daemon-system-systemd
Depends: libvirt-daemon-system-sysv
Depends: logrotate
Depends: policykit-1
|Depends: debconf
Depends: <debconf-2.0>
cdebconf
debconf
Breaks: systemd-sysv
Recommends: dmidecode
Recommends: dnsmasq-base
Recommends: iproute2
Recommends: mdevctl
Recommends: parted
Suggests: apparmor
Suggests: auditd
Suggests: nfs-common
Suggests: open-iscsi
Suggests: pm-utils
Suggests: radvd
Suggests: systemd
Suggests: systemtap
Suggests: <zfsutils>
这些依赖可以避免吗？
答案1
是的，您可以apt忽略推荐的软件包：
sudo apt install --no-install-recommends libvirt-daemon-system
这只会引入严格的依赖关系。
您可能想要挑选推荐的套餐，而不是完全忽略它们；推荐包定义为
除了不寻常的安装之外，在所有安装中都会与此软件包一起找到的软件包。
要探索给定包的依赖关系链，您可以使用apt-rdepends：
apt-rdepends -sDepends,PreDepends,Recommends libvirt-daemon-system | less
这将允许您检查链中所有推荐的软件包并决定是否安装它们。例如，您可能不需要 QEMU ( qemu-system)，或支持 LXC ( libvirt-daemon-driver-lxc)。在这种情况下，您可以请求完整安装，减去一些软件包：
sudo apt install libvirt-daemon-system qemu-system- libvirt-daemon-driver-lxc-
请注意-不应安装的软件包名称后面的内容：这指示apt删除指定的软件包（因此它不仅不会安装它们，如果已经安装了它们，还会删除它们）。
要了解最终拉入看似不相关的包的关系，请询问aptitude：例如：
$ aptitude why libvirt-daemon-system gsettings-desktop-schemas
i libvirt-daemon-system Depends libvirt-daemon (= 7.0.0-3)
i libvirt-daemon Recommends qemu-kvm | qemu-system (>= 0.9.1)
i qemu-system Depends qemu-system-x86
i A qemu-system-x86 Depends libspice-server1 (>= 0.14.2)
i A libspice-server1 Recommends gstreamer1.0-plugins-good
i A gstreamer1.0-plugins-good Depends libsoup2.4-1 (>= 2.48)
i A libsoup2.4-1 Depends glib-networking (>= 2.32.0)
i A glib-networking Depends gsettings-desktop-schemas