我的问题与Grub:使用 USB 盘启动,然后继续从 SD 卡启动?除此之外,我正在尝试创建一个 grub iso 文件,稍后我会将其刻录到 CD 上,这应该是我启动 Linux 的方式。
我对 grub 和内核有点新手,我不确定是否可以从 CD 启动安装在 SDCard 上的 Ubuntu。
到目前为止,我尝试的是从我的 SDCard 上的 LiveUSB 安装 Ubuntu,其中分区如下所示:
其次,基于这个线程:https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-general-1/creating-a-grub2-boot-cd-with-a-grub-cfg-menu-my-solution-754835/我能够创建一个 grub iso 文件,我可以通过 Brasero 将其刻录到 CD。我认为问题可能出在这里,因为我刚刚从 /dev/sdb5 复制了启动文件夹,这是安装的 Ubuntu 的根 (/) 分区,然后我运行了命令:
grub-mkrescue --modules="linux ext2 fshelp ls boot pc" --output=grub2-boot.iso ~/Desktop/boot
然而,运行上面的命令后,我得到:
grub-mkrescue: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/pc.mod': No such file or directory.
我对这个问题进行了一些研究,并且可能正在运行它的修复程序
sudo apt-get install grub-pc-bin
但它没有创建 pc.mod 所以我从命令中删除了该模块(同样,我不确定我到底在做什么以及 pc 模块应该做什么)。
最后,当我重新启动系统时,我发现 grub 是从 CD 启动的,但问题是(至少其中之一)在 grub 中执行“ls”时,我的 grub.cfg 中的 (hd1,msdos5) 不会出现。唯一可用的文件系统是 (cd1) (cd1,msdos1),我认为这可能与启动阶段不存在的 SDCard 读卡器驱动程序有关。不知何故,该解决方案将在 grub iso 中集成 SDCard 驱动程序,但我不确定这是否可行。
这是 /dev/sdb5 启动文件夹中的完整 grub.cfg,它安装为 /media/ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d (我认为是 UUID):
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
set have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
else
set default="0"
fi
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function recordfail {
set recordfail=1
if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}
if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
font=unicode
else
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd1,msdos5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd1,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,msdos5 ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
fi
font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi
if loadfont $font ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
set lang=en_US
insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
set timeout=30
else
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
set timeout_style=hidden
set timeout=0
# Fallback hidden-timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
elif sleep --interruptible 0 ; then
set timeout=0
fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 44,0,30,0; then
clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
set gfxpayload="${1}"
if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=1
else
set vt_handoff=
fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd1,msdos5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd1,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,msdos5 ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-122-generic root=UUID=ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
initrd /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-122-generic
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-122-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-122-generic-advanced-ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd1,msdos5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd1,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,msdos5 ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 5.4.0-122-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-122-generic root=UUID=ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-122-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-122-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-122-generic-recovery-ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd1,msdos5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd1,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,msdos5 ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 5.4.0-122-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-122-generic root=UUID=ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d ro recovery nomodeset dis_ucode_ldr
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-122-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-42-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-42-generic-advanced-ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd1,msdos5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd1,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,msdos5 ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 5.4.0-42-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-42-generic root=UUID=ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-42-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-42-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-42-generic-recovery-ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd1,msdos5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd1,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,msdos5 ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 5.4.0-42-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-42-generic root=UUID=ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d ro recovery nomodeset dis_ucode_ldr
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-42-generic
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd1,msdos5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd1,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,msdos5 ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
fi
knetbsd /boot/memtest86+.elf
}
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd1,msdos5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd1,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,msdos5 ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ca8dc83c-7795-4dbd-8ee9-3e59ec526e6d
fi
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
谢谢你的时间!
答案1
我想我设法解决了我的问题,似乎 /boot 中所有需要的文件都位于 grub 中
ls /
现在我面临的是每次我都必须输入 grub
linux /vmlinuz-5.4.0-122-generic root=/dev/sda5
initrd /initrd.img-5.4.0-122-generic
boot
以便在 Ubuntu 中启动。有什么办法可以让我自动完成这一步吗?也许在 grub.cfg 中添加这些命令并制作一个新的 iso?