我是 Linux 新手，我有最新版本的 mint Linux，我曾经遇到启动问题（initramfs），我必须手动运行 fsck。现在当我运行 fsck 时
fsck /dev/sda4
表明
Fsck: error 2 (no such file or directory) while executing fsck. Ext2 for /dev/sda4.
当我打字时
exit
我懂了：
Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:
Chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in/,move NEW_ROOT TO/, execute NEW_INIT, PID must be 1, NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.
-c DEV reopen stio to DEV after switch
-d CAPS Drop capabilities
-n Dry run
我尝试从实时 USB 启动来重新安装系统，但我发现根本检测不到我的硬盘。我也尝试过 gparted，除了 USB 驱动器之外什么都没有...我使用了该fdisk -l命令，它显示的唯一驱动器是我的 USB 驱动器 sdb 有人可以帮助我吗？
编辑
当我使用命令时dmesg我得到了这个
[ 0.105374] x86/cpu: SGX disabled by BIOS.
[ 0.254389] platform MSFT0101:00: failed to claim resource 1: [mem 0xfed40000-0xfed40fff]
[ 0.254470] acpi MSFT0101:00: platform device creation failed: -16
[ 2.819389] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: bus: MMIO read of 00000000 FAULT at 6013d4 [ PRIVRING ]
[ 113.761293] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x8000001f SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen
[ 113.761342] ata1.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 113.761352] ata1.00: cmd 61/08:00:70:34:e0/00:00:2a:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq dma 4096 out
res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 113.761384] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 113.761396] ata1.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 113.761403] ata1.00: cmd 61/08:08:d0:34:e0/00:00:2a:00:00/40 tag 1 ncq dma 4096 out
res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 113.761430] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 113.761439] ata1.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 113.761445] ata1.00: cmd 61/30:10:30:4e:e1/00:00:2a:00:00/40 tag 2 ncq dma 24576 out
res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 113.761470] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 113.761478] ata1.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 113.761484] ata1.00: cmd 61/08:18:58:18:20/00:00:2b:00:00/40 tag 3 ncq dma 4096 out
res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 113.761507] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 113.761515] ata1.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 113.761522] ata1.00: cmd 61/08:20:78:8e:20/00:00:2b:00:00/40 tag 4 ncq dma 4096 out
res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 113.761544] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 113.761553] ata1.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 113.761559] ata1.00: cmd 61/08:f8:80:2b:e0/00:00:2a:00:00/40 tag 31 ncq dma 4096 out
res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 113.761583] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 113.761594] ata1: hard resetting link
[ 119.117187] ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0)
[ 123.797244] ata1: COMRESET failed (errno=-16)
[ 123.797269] ata1: hard resetting link
[ 129.149189] ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0)
[ 133.829207] ata1: COMRESET failed (errno=-16)
[ 133.829229] ata1: hard resetting link
[ 139.185183] ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0)
[ 168.885181] ata1: COMRESET failed (errno=-16)
[ 168.885204] ata1: limiting SATA link speed to 3.0 Gbps
[ 168.885210] ata1: hard resetting link
[ 173.937217] ata1: COMRESET failed (errno=-16)
[ 173.937259] ata1: reset failed, giving up
[ 173.937267] ata1.00: disabled
[ 173.937315] ata1: EH complete
[ 173.937381] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#21 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=92s
[ 173.937393] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#21 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 2a e0 2b 80 00 00 08 00
[ 173.937398] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 719334272 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 173.937415] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 89653872, lost async page write
[ 173.937451] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#22 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=92s
[ 173.937458] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#22 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 2b 20 8e 78 00 00 08 00
[ 173.937462] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 723553912 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 173.937473] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 90181327, lost async page write
[ 173.937489] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#23 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=92s
[ 173.937495] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#23 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 2b 20 18 58 00 00 08 00
[ 173.937499] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 723523672 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 173.937508] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 90177547, lost async page write
[ 173.937523] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=92s
[ 173.937529] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 2a e1 4e 30 00 00 30 00
[ 173.937532] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 719408688 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 6 prio class 0
[ 173.937540] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 89663174, lost async page write
[ 173.937548] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 89663175, lost async page write
[ 173.937555] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 89663176, lost async page write
[ 173.937562] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 89663177, lost async page write
[ 173.937568] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 89663178, lost async page write
[ 173.937575] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 89663179, lost async page write
[ 173.937588] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#25 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=92s
[ 173.937594] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#25 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 2a e0 34 d0 00 00 08 00
[ 173.937598] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 719336656 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 173.937606] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 89654170, lost async page write
[ 173.937618] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#26 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=92s
[ 173.937624] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#26 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 2a e0 34 70 00 00 08 00
[ 173.937627] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 719336560 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 173.938144] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#5 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 173.938159] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#5 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 2b 20 8e a0 00 00 08 00
[ 173.938165] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 723553952 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 173.938206] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#6 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 173.938213] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#6 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 2b 20 94 78 00 00 08 00
[ 173.938217] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 723555448 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 173.938237] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#7 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 173.938243] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#7 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 2b 20 94 98 00 00 08 00
[ 173.938246] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 723555480 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 173.938263] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#8 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 173.938269] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#8 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 2b 20 97 70 00 00 08 00
[ 173.938272] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 723556208 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 173.943938] JBD2: recovery failed
[ 173.943946] EXT4-fs (sda4): error loading journal
[ 181.752542] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 3 prio class 0
[ 181.752613] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#21 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 181.752616] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#21 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 01 00 00
[ 181.752617] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 2048 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 3 prio class 0
[ 181.752691] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#22 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 181.752694] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#22 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 10 10 00 00 01 00 00
[ 181.752695] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 1052672 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 3 prio class 0
[ 181.752770] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#23 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 181.752773] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#23 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 20 18 00 00 01 00 00
[ 181.752775] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 2103296 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 3 prio class 0
[ 182.687422] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 1953524992 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 182.687451] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#7 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 182.687454] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#7 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 74 70 6d 00 00 00 08 00
[ 182.687456] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 1953524992 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 182.687460] buffer_io_error: 333 callbacks suppressed
[ 182.687462] Buffer I/O error on dev sda, logical block 244190624, async page read
[ 182.721896] ee1004 0-0050: 512 byte EE1004-compliant SPD EEPROM, read-only
[ 182.755759] RAPL PMU: API unit is 2^-32 Joules, 5 fixed counters, 655360 ms ovfl timer
[ 182.755767] RAPL PMU: hw unit of domain pp0-core 2^-14 Joules
[ 182.755768] RAPL PMU: hw unit of domain package 2^-14 Joules
[ 182.755769] RAPL PMU: hw unit of domain dram 2^-14 Joules
[ 182.755770] RAPL PMU: hw unit of domain pp1-gpu 2^-14 Joules
[ 182.755771] RAPL PMU: hw unit of domain psys 2^-14 Joules
[ 182.799833] input: ELAN0501:00 04F3:3019 Mouse as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.0/i2c_designware.0/i2c-1/i2c-ELAN0501:00/0018:04F3:3019.0001/input/input11
[ 182.799985] input: ELAN0501:00 04F3:3019 Touchpad as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.0/i2c_designware.0/i2c-1/i2c-ELAN0501:00/0018:04F3:3019.0001/input/input12
[ 182.801961] hid-multitouch 0018:04F3:3019.0001: input,hidraw0: I2C HID v1.00 Mouse [ELAN0501:00 04F3:3019] on i2c-ELAN0501:00
[ 182.821071] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: Enabling HDA controller
[ 182.858544] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#23 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 182.858550] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#23 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 20 17 80 00 00 08 00
[ 182.858552] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 2103168 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 182.858576] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#28 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 182.858578] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#28 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 20 17 80 00 00 08 00
[ 182.858580] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 2103168 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 182.858583] Buffer I/O error on dev sda3, logical block 131312, async page read
[ 182.858719] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#29 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 182.858724] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#29 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 74 70 67 80 00 00 08 00
[ 182.858726] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 1953523584 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 182.858753] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#30 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 182.858756] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#30 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 74 70 67 80 00 00 08 00
[ 182.858758] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 1953523584 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[ 182.858763] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 243927536, async page read
[ 182.860310] Buffer I/O error on dev sda1, logical block 131056, async page read
[ 182.862427] Buffer I/O error on dev sda2, logical block 1, async page read
[ 182.978252] mc: Linux media interface: v0.10
[ 183.717748] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1f.3: bound 0000:00:02.0 (ops i915_audio_component_bind_ops [i915])
[ 183.718795] snd_hda_intel 0000:01:00.1: Disabling MSI
[ 183.718801] snd_hda_intel 0000:01:00.1: Handle vga_switcheroo audio client
[ 183.721600] snd_hda_intel 0000:01:00.1: no codecs found!
[ 202.575470] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: bus: MMIO read of 00000000 FAULT at 6013d4 [ PRIVRING ]
答案1
检测到死亡磁盘
[ 113.761470] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 113.761478] ata1.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[ 113.761484] ata1.00: cmd 61/08:18:58:18:20/00:00:2b:00:00/40 tag 3 ncq dma 4096 out
res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4
我有一个坏消息要告诉你。你的磁盘快要死了。如果您想从中取出数据，您可能需要专业人士的帮助。我们在这里无能为力。干杯。