我想学习如何修改initramfs。我使用 Linux Mint。我已经用过答案https://superuser.com/questions/1556241/initrd-file-cpio-archive-x-cpio-type-of-file-how-to-recompile重制并启动。
该解决方案用于unmkinitramfs解压，结果包含两个文件夹kernel和 rootfs 文件夹。当我initrd仅使用 rootfs 文件系统重新制作时（仅附加到文件的第三步），它甚至可以启动，没有微代码“kernel/x86/microcode/AuthenticAMD.bin”/“kernel/x86/microcode/GenuineIntel.bin”。
CPU 的微代码有哪些用途initrd？ initrd 上的一些信息没有提到它们，SE 上的 QA 则提到了它们，但没有解释它们的用途。
来自发行版的 initrd的输出binwalk（完整信息请参见下面的 [1]）包含（除了由 提取的文件之外unmkinitramfs）提及“TRAILER!!!”，Unix 路径：/lib/firmware/amdgpu/（许多文件），Cisco IOS微码、DER 格式的证书、版权字符串。
另一方面，在新重新打包的文件中（参见[2]），原始文件Windows Script Encoded Data (screnc.exe)的输出中没有。binwalk这是什么意思？
它们的重要性是什么？如何也提取它们并按原来的方式重新包装？
我看过：
https://askubuntu.com/questions/777260/how-to-repack-initrd-img
https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Initramfs/Guide
https://serverfault.com/questions/876140/cpio-in Correctly-unpacking-initrd-in-ubuntu-xenial
为什么我的initrd只有一个目录，即“kernel”？
https://access.redhat.com/solutions/24029
https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1213
我有一个猜测预告片！！！是如何binwalk显示存档结束cpio和所有固件供内核检查是否存在相应的硬件，然后尝试更新固件（因此是“微码更新”文件）。如果是这样，令我惊讶的是，启动 Linux 可以更新我的 CPU 等。无需询问我，据我所知，固件更新如果出错可能会使硬件无法工作，除非进行维修。或者它确实询问是否建议更新？
1：biwalk initrd.lz
DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 0x0 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: ".", file name length: "0x00000002", file size: "0x00000000"
112 0x70 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel", file name length: "0x00000007", file size: "0x00000000"
232 0xE8 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel/x86", file name length: "0x0000000B", file size: "0x00000000"
356 0x164 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel/x86/microcode", file name length: "0x00000015", file size: "0x00000000"
488 0x1E8 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel/x86/microcode/AuthenticAMD.bin", file name length: "0x00000026", file size: "0x00007752"
31184 0x79D0 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "TRAILER!!!", file name length: "0x0000000B", file size: "0x00000000"
31744 0x7C00 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel", file name length: "0x00000007", file size: "0x00000000"
31864 0x7C78 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel/x86", file name length: "0x0000000B", file size: "0x00000000"
31988 0x7CF4 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel/x86/microcode", file name length: "0x00000015", file size: "0x00000000"
32120 0x7D78 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel/x86/microcode/.enuineIntel.align.0123456789abc", file name length: "0x00000036", file size: "0x00000000"
32284 0x7E1C ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel/x86/microcode/GenuineIntel.bin", file name length: "0x00000026", file size: "0x004C8000"
5045936 0x4CFEB0 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "TRAILER!!!", file name length: "0x0000000B", file size: "0x00000000"
8917606 0x881266 Unix path: /lib/firmware/amdgpu/beige_goby_mec2.bin
9118372 0x8B22A4 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "usr/lib/firmware/amdgpu/beige_goby_sos.bin", file name length: "0x0000002B", file size: "0x000314A0"
10612118 0xA1ED96 Unix path: /lib/firmware/amdgpu/cyan_skillfish2_mec2.bin
10795026 0xA4B812 Unix path: /lib/firmware/amdgpu/dimgrey_cavefish_mec2.bin
13686104 0xD0D558 Unix path: /lib/firmware/amdgpu/navi10_mec2.bin
13755619 0xD1E4E3 Cisco IOS microcode, for ""
15245172 0xE89F74 Unix path: /lib/firmware/amdgpu/navi14_mec
16207180 0xF74D4C Unix path: /lib/firmware/amdgpu/navy_flounder_sos.bin
17354846 0x108D05E Certificate in DER format (x509 v3), header length: 4, sequence length: 26645
17988464 0x1127B70 Unix path: /lib/firmware/amdgpu/polaris10_mec_2.bin
18631505 0x11C4B51 Unix path: /lib/firmware/amdgpu/polaris11_mec_2.bin
19277483 0x12626AB Unix path: /lib/firmware/amdgpu/polaris12_mec_2.bin
21601111 0x1499B57 Unix path: /lib/firmware/amdgpu/sienna_cichlid_sos.bin
24525944 0x1763C78 Unix path: /lib/firmware/amdgpu/vega10_sos.bin
24692428 0x178C6CC ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "usr/lib/firmware/amdgpu/vega10_uvd.bin", file name length: "0x00000027", file size: "0x0005CFA0"
28541045 0x1B38075 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28556045 0x1B3BB0D gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28571521 0x1B3F781 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28603896 0x1B475F8 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28613989 0x1B49D65 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28628017 0x1B4D431 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28631873 0x1B4E341 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28632009 0x1B4E3C9 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28646005 0x1B51A75 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28659715 0x1B55003 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28674715 0x1B58A9B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28690179 0x1B5C703 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28710427 0x1B6161B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28724191 0x1B64BDF gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28728931 0x1B65E63 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28729099 0x1B65F0B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28742355 0x1B692D3 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28762248 0x1B6E088 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28775820 0x1B7158C gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28782860 0x1B7310C gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28783004 0x1B7319C gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28796924 0x1B767FC gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28798316 0x1B76D6C gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28798460 0x1B76DFC gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28812944 0x1B7A690 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28828512 0x1B7E360 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28843904 0x1B81F80 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28860027 0x1B85E7B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28873795 0x1B89443 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28878535 0x1B8A6C7 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28878695 0x1B8A767 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28901164 0x1B8FF2C gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28914728 0x1B93428 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28922131 0x1B95113 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28922275 0x1B951A3 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28936187 0x1B987FB gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28937579 0x1B98D6B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28937723 0x1B98DFB gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28952211 0x1B9C693 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28967407 0x1BA01EF gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
28982815 0x1BA3E1F gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29009905 0x1BAA7F1 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29025387 0x1BAE46B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29038763 0x1BB18AB gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29052995 0x1BB5043 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29062699 0x1BB762B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29062899 0x1BB76F3 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29076655 0x1BBACAF gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29089803 0x1BBE00B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29102731 0x1BC128B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29117515 0x1BC4C4B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29131819 0x1BC842B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29145355 0x1BCB90B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29151302 0x1BCD046 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29151422 0x1BCD0BE gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29164566 0x1BD0416 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29172646 0x1BD23A6 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29172822 0x1BD2456 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29186722 0x1BD5AA2 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29201714 0x1BD9532 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29213558 0x1BDC376 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29228578 0x1BDFE22 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29244546 0x1BE3C82 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29260274 0x1BE79F2 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29273374 0x1BEAD1E gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29294424 0x1BEFF58 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29307896 0x1BF33F8 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29321288 0x1BF6848 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29335532 0x1BF9FEC gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29345184 0x1BFC5A0 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29345392 0x1BFC670 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29359004 0x1BFFB9C gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29372995 0x1C03243 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29385807 0x1C0644F gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29400571 0x1C09DFB gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29414991 0x1C0D64F gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29428511 0x1C10B1F gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29434643 0x1C12313 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29434763 0x1C1238B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29447899 0x1C156DB gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29455979 0x1C1766B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29456155 0x1C1771B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29470043 0x1C1AD5B gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29485043 0x1C1E7F3 gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
29496895 0x1C2163F gzip compressed data, from NTFS filesystem (NT), last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date)
36341095 0x22A8567 Unix path: /lib/firmware/mellanoxD000081A416242A497001865BC3B/mlxsw_spectrum-13.2008.2406.mfa2
36342467 0x22A8AC3 xz compressed data
37822499 0x2412023 Unix path: /lib/firmware/mellanox/mlxsw_spectrum2-29.2008.2406.mfa2
37823106 0x2412282 xz compressed data
38935482 0x2521BBA Unix path: /lib/firmware/mellanox/mlxsw_spectrum3-30.2008.2406.mfa2
38935957 0x2521D95 xz compressed data
42560238 0x2896AEE Zlib compressed data, best compression
42561296 0x2896F10 Zlib compressed data, best compression
42568190 0x28989FE Zlib compressed data, best compression
42574143 0x289A13F Zlib compressed data, best compression
42919535 0x28EE66F Zlib compressed data, best compression
42987187 0x28FEEB3 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43001547 0x29026CB Zlib compressed data, best compression
43003751 0x2902F67 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43009609 0x2904649 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43012426 0x290514A Zlib compressed data, best compression
43016822 0x2906276 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43019485 0x2906CDD Zlib compressed data, best compression
43020256 0x2906FE0 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43026654 0x29088DE Zlib compressed data, best compression
43033186 0x290A262 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43035049 0x290A9A9 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43041625 0x290C359 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43044778 0x290CFAA Zlib compressed data, best compression
43049364 0x290E194 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43128220 0x292159C Zlib compressed data, best compression
43128395 0x292164B Zlib compressed data, best compression
43133729 0x2922B21 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43146898 0x2925E92 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43147278 0x292600E Zlib compressed data, best compression
43148336 0x2926430 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43161331 0x29296F3 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43502272 0x297CAC0 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43570171 0x298D3FB Zlib compressed data, best compression
43584611 0x2990C63 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43586809 0x29914F9 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43592650 0x2992BCA Zlib compressed data, best compression
43595465 0x29936C9 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43599908 0x2994824 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43602574 0x299528E Zlib compressed data, best compression
43603346 0x2995592 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43609216 0x2996C80 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43613139 0x2997BD3 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43615757 0x299860D Zlib compressed data, best compression
43617613 0x2998D4D Zlib compressed data, best compression
43624229 0x299A725 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43627383 0x299B377 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43631970 0x299C562 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43710994 0x29AFA12 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43711168 0x29AFAC0 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43716187 0x29B0E5B Zlib compressed data, best compression
43716740 0x29B1084 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43729655 0x29B42F7 Zlib compressed data, best compression
43835920 0x29CE210 Zlib compressed data, default compression
43851256 0x29D1DF8 Zlib compressed data, default compression
43867188 0x29D5C34 Zlib compressed data, default compression
43883000 0x29D99F8 Zlib compressed data, default compression
43898692 0x29DD744 Zlib compressed data, default compression
43913800 0x29E1248 Zlib compressed data, default compression
43929260 0x29E4EAC Zlib compressed data, default compression
43942524 0x29E827C Zlib compressed data, default compression
43957112 0x29EBB78 Zlib compressed data, default compression
43960295 0x29EC7E7 Zlib compressed data, default compression
43975267 0x29F0263 Zlib compressed data, default compression
43991107 0x29F4043 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44007579 0x29F809B Zlib compressed data, default compression
44019839 0x29FB07F Zlib compressed data, default compression
44034179 0x29FE883 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44041587 0x2A00573 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44055971 0x2A03DA3 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44068899 0x2A07023 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44099762 0x2A0E8B2 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44114274 0x2A12162 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44115418 0x2A125DA Zlib compressed data, default compression
44131166 0x2A1635E Zlib compressed data, default compression
44146882 0x2A1A0C2 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44157642 0x2A1CACA Zlib compressed data, default compression
44172326 0x2A20426 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44187338 0x2A23ECA Zlib compressed data, default compression
44201086 0x2A2747E Zlib compressed data, default compression
44227325 0x2A2DAFD Zlib compressed data, default compression
44240753 0x2A30F71 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44256953 0x2A34EB9 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44271209 0x2A38669 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44286361 0x2A3C199 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44299657 0x2A3F589 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44314037 0x2A42DB5 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44324193 0x2A45561 Zlib compressed data, default compression
44338429 0x2A48CFD Zlib compressed data, default compression
47567211 0x2D5D16B Zip archive data, encrypted at least v2.0 to extract, compressed size: 163, uncompressed size: 1024, name: T1:X3_101115_1_8_1_expROM_FW_uni_template_eeprom0.bin
47567457 0x2D5D261 Zip archive data, encrypted at least v2.0 to extract, compressed size: 33, uncompressed size: 19, name: T1A:X3_101115_1_8_1_expROM_FW_uni_template_rmt_cmd_line.txt
47567579 0x2D5D2DB Zip archive data, encrypted at least v2.0 to extract, compressed size: 239940, uncompressed size: 2097152, name: T1A:X3_101115_1_8_1_expROM_FW_uni_template_flash0.bin
47807608 0x2D97C78 Zip archive data, encrypted at least v2.0 to extract, compressed size: 163, uncompressed size: 1024, name: T1A:X3_101115_1_8_1_expROM_FW_uni_template_eeprom0.bin
47808460 0x2D97FCC End of Zip archive, footer length: 22
47808484 0x2D97FE4 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "usr/lib/firmware/vxge/X3fw.ncf", file name length: "0x0000001F", file size: "0x00057A86"
78097859 0x4A7ADC3 MySQL MISAM index file Version 5
91420612 0x572F7C4 Object signature in DER format (PKCS header length: 4, sequence length: 677
91421339 0x572FA9B Unix path: /lib/modules//kernel/lib/zstd2000081A4162B30E3400050AF143/zstd_compress
117957065 0x707E1C9 Copyright string: "Copyright 2011 Canonical Ltd. Licensed under the Ubuntu Font Licence 1.0MonoRegular Version 0.80UbuntuMono-andare registered t"
117964519 0x707FEE7 Object signature in DER format (PKCS header length: 4, sequence length: 6414
117964639 0x707FF5F Certificate in DER format (x509 v3), header length: 4, sequence length: 1366
117965630 0x708033E Certificate in DER format (x509 v3), header length: 4, sequence length: 1024
117968145 0x7080D11 PNG image, 100 x 100, 8-bit/color RGBA, non-interlaced
117968304 0x7080DB0 Zlib compressed data, best compression
118172121 0x70B29D9 Zlib compressed data, best compression
118180535 0x70B4AB7 Zlib compressed data, default compression
118183100 0x70B54BC Zlib compressed data, best compression
118183370 0x70B55CA Zlib compressed data, best compression
118375331 0x70E43A3 Zlib compressed data, default compression
[2]binwalk重新包装后更短：
DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 0x0 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: ".", file name length: "0x00000002", file size: "0x00000000"
112 0x70 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel", file name length: "0x00000007", file size: "0x00000000"
232 0xE8 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel/x86", file name length: "0x0000000B", file size: "0x00000000"
356 0x164 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel/x86/microcode", file name length: "0x00000015", file size: "0x00000000"
488 0x1E8 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel/x86/microcode/AuthenticAMD.bin", file name length: "0x00000026", file size: "0x00007752"
31184 0x79D0 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "TRAILER!!!", file name length: "0x0000000B", file size: "0x00000000"
31744 0x7C00 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel", file name length: "0x00000007", file size: "0x00000000"
31864 0x7C78 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel/x86", file name length: "0x0000000B", file size: "0x00000000"
31988 0x7CF4 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel/x86/microcode", file name length: "0x00000015", file size: "0x00000000"
32120 0x7D78 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel/x86/microcode/GenuineIntel.bin", file name length: "0x00000026", file size: "0x004C8000"
5045772 0x4CFE0C ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "kernel/x86/microcode/.enuineIntel.align.0123456789abc", file name length: "0x00000036", file size: "0x00000000"
5045936 0x4CFEB0 ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC), file name: "TRAILER!!!", file name length: "0x0000000B", file size: "0x00000000"
5046272 0x4D0000 LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D, dictionary size: 8388608 bytes, uncompressed size: -1 bytes
15101115 0xE66CBB Encrypted Hilink uImage firmware header
28331955 0x1B04FB3 Windows Script Encoded Data (screnc.exe)
答案1
“initrd”是 Linux 机制的旧名称，它被重新塑造并扩展为当前的形式，即 initramfs。 Debian/Ubuntu/Mintinitrd.img-<kernel version>由于历史原因使用旧的命名方案，尽管它实际上是一个 initramfs 文件。
微代码更新是非持久性的：每次系统启动时都需要重新加载它们，以避免出现您似乎害怕的情况。如果微代码更新破坏了您的系统，您只需重置系统即可摆脱失败的更新，然后使用不包含有问题的微代码更新的 initramfs 重新启动。
一些严重的硬件错误（例如 Intel Haswell 和 Broadwell CPU）要求在使用特定 CPU 功能之前加载解决该错误的微代码更新（自上次 CPU 重置以来）。为了保证满足这一要求，早期微代码加载该功能内置于 Linux 内核中，现在是 CPU 微代码更新的首选形式。它会在启动过程中尽早加载适用的微代码更新。
这TRAILER!!!是档案末尾的标准标记cpio。看IBM z/OS 文档中的此 cpio 文件格式文档更多细节。
存档的最后一条记录始终包含名称 TRAILER!!!。
一些 AMD GPU 还需要固件才能工作，并且包含这些固件文件是为了允许在启动时尽早将显示器切换到高分辨率图形模式，以便能够在启动时显示漂亮的启动屏幕。正如您所发现的，可以省略它们，系统仍然会启动，但如果您有需要固件的 GPU，则意味着显示分辨率切换会稍后发生（对于现代系统，大约 0.5 秒后）。 “眨眼就错过了”）。
由于binwalk尝试查看文件内部以检测可识别的数据结构，因此它可能会检测诸如属于 GPU 固件文件或版权字符串一部分的 DER 格式证书之类的内容。
Cisco IOS microcode, for ""可能是由于用于识别它的非常短的“魔术字符串”而导致的错误识别。