预期行为： 将 HDMI 电缆插入我的笔记本电脑并使用外部显示器。
我需要什么帮助： 如何确保我不会通过全新安装来尝试让我的 nvidia 显卡与我的操作系统完美配合？
概述：
我有一台 T15p Gen 1 Thinkpad，配备集成 Intel 显卡和运行 kubunutu 22.04 LTS（无双启动）的 nvidia 显卡。
我终于让我的实验室给我一个 HDMI 和 HDM 到显示端口适配器，这样我就可以使用外部屏幕，但我的系统无法识别 HDMI 已连接。
我的笔记本电脑有一个 nvidia 显卡，但我一直无法让它正常运行，而不会以某种方式破坏我的系统并必须完全重新安装 kubuntu。
自从今年开始使用 kubuntu 以来，我能够挽救我的系统的次数与我破坏它的次数一样多。说实话，我有点厌倦它了，我只是想使用硬件，这就是为什么我花了一点额外的钱买了一个 thinkpad，希望它能在 ubuntu 上运行得很好。
到目前为止的详细信息和尝试： 第二台显示器的输出为1920x1080 60hz，我的笔记本电脑显示器为3840x2160 60hz；所以刷新率应该不是问题。
我正在使用 X.Org。 X服务器——Nouveau展示；因为我之前概述的问题。
我在该操作系统的最后一次安装中运行了 NVIDIA 驱动程序元包 nvidia-driver-525，它具有与我描述的完全相同的问题，没有双显示器支持，这导致我由于一些糟糕的选择而对操作系统进行了第 N 次重建。
我已关闭安全启动。
系统信息
$ inxi -b
System:
Host:... Kernel: 5.15.0-58-generic x86_64 bits: 64
Desktop: KDE Plasma 5.24.7 Distro: Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)
Machine:
Type: Laptop System: LENOVO product: 20TN001HUS v: ThinkPad T15p Gen 1
serial: <superuser required>
Mobo: LENOVO model: 20TN001HUS v: SDK0J40697 WIN
serial: <superuser required> UEFI: LENOVO v: N30ET48W (1.31 )
date: 10/07/2022
Battery:
ID-1: BAT0 charge: 40.8 Wh (62.8%) condition: 65.0/68.0 Wh (95.6%)
volts: 11.5 min: 11.5
CPU:
Info: 6-core Intel Core i7-10850H [MT MCP] speed (MHz): avg: 1129
min/max: 800/5100
Graphics:
Device-1: Intel CometLake-H GT2 [UHD Graphics] driver: i915 v: kernel
Device-2: NVIDIA GP107M [GeForce GTX 1050 3 GB Max-Q] driver: nouveau
v: kernel
Device-3: Luxvisions Innotech Integrated Camera type: USB
driver: uvcvideo
Display: x11 server: X.Org v: 1.21.1.3 driver: X: loaded: modesetting
unloaded: fbdev,vesa gpu: i915 resolution: 3840x2160~60Hz
OpenGL: renderer: Mesa Intel UHD Graphics (CML GT2) v: 4.6 Mesa 22.0.5
Network:
Device-1: Intel Comet Lake PCH CNVi WiFi driver: iwlwifi
Device-2: Intel Ethernet I219-LM driver: e1000e
显示信息
$sudo lshw -C display
*-display
description: 3D controller
product: GP107M [GeForce GTX 1050 3 GB Max-Q]
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
version: a1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=nouveau latency=0
resources: irq:162 memory:ad000000-adffffff memory:80000000-8fffffff memory:90000000-91ffffff ioport:3000(size=128)
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: CometLake-H GT2 [UHD Graphics]
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
logical name: /dev/fb0
version: 05
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom fb
configuration: depth=32 driver=i915 latency=0 mode=3840x2160 resolution=3840,2160 visual=truecolor xres=3840 yres=2160
resources: iomemory:600-5ff iomemory:400-3ff irq:163 memory:6040000000-6040ffffff memory:4000000000-400fffffff ioport:4000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff
驱动程序信息，以确保没有任何恶意 nvidia 驱动程序正在运行。
$ lsmod | grep nouveau
nouveau 2306048 1
mxm_wmi 16384 1 nouveau
drm_ttm_helper 16384 1 nouveau
i2c_algo_bit 16384 2 i915,nouveau
ttm 86016 3 drm_ttm_helper,i915,nouveau
drm_kms_helper 311296 2 i915,nouveau
drm 622592 20 drm_kms_helper,drm_ttm_helper,i915,ttm,nouveau
wmi 32768 5 intel_wmi_thunderbolt,wmi_bmof,think_lmi,mxm_wmi,nouveau
video 61440 3 thinkpad_acpi,i915,nouveau
$ lsmod | grep video
uvcvideo 106496 0
videobuf2_vmalloc 20480 1 uvcvideo
videobuf2_memops 20480 1 videobuf2_vmalloc
videobuf2_v4l2 32768 1 uvcvideo
videobuf2_common 77824 4 videobuf2_vmalloc,videobuf2_v4l2,uvcvideo,videobuf2_memops
videodev 258048 3 videobuf2_v4l2,uvcvideo,videobuf2_common
mc 65536 4 videodev,videobuf2_v4l2,uvcvideo,videobuf2_common
video 61440 3 thinkpad_acpi,i915,nouveau
显示管理器无法识别有任何连接。当我使用键盘上内置的 F7 扩展显示时，我可以选择扩展屏幕。当我这样做时，显示配置会刷新，但返回到同一屏幕，没有第二个显示器的选项。
当我试图强行进入第二台显示器时，xrandr 列出了 2 个 HDMI 端口，但我只有 1 个端口。
$ xrandr
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 3840 x 2160, maximum 16384 x 16384
eDP-1 connected primary 3840x2160+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 344mm x 194mm
3840x2160 60.00*+ 60.00
3200x1800 60.00
2880x1620 60.00
2560x1600 60.00
2560x1440 60.00
2048x1536 60.00
1920x1440 60.00
1856x1392 60.00
1792x1344 60.00
2048x1152 60.00
1920x1200 60.00
1920x1080 60.00
1600x1200 60.00
1680x1050 60.00
1400x1050 60.00
1600x900 60.00
1280x1024 60.00
1400x900 60.00
1280x960 60.00
1440x810 60.00
1368x768 60.00
1280x800 60.00
1280x720 60.00
1024x768 60.00
960x720 60.00
928x696 60.00
896x672 60.00
1024x576 60.00
960x600 60.00
960x540 60.00
800x600 60.00
840x525 60.00
864x486 60.00
700x525 60.00
800x450 60.00
640x512 60.00
700x450 60.00
640x480 60.00
720x405 60.00
684x384 60.00
640x360 60.00
512x384 60.00
512x288 60.00
480x270 60.00
400x300 60.00
432x243 60.00
320x240 60.00
360x202 60.00
320x180 60.00
DP-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP-2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI-2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP-3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
看起来 HDMI2 可能是要使用的端口，但我也有点困惑为什么有两个 HDMI 端口。
不管怎样，这里是我尝试过的 xrandr 命令：
xrandr --addmode HDMI-1 1920x1080
xrandr --addmode HDMI-2 1920x1080
xrandr --output HDMI-1 --mode 1920x1080
xrandr --listmonitors
Monitors: 1
0: +*eDP-1 3840/344x2160/194+0+0 eDP-1
# weird....
$ xrandr --listmonitors
Monitors: 2
0: +*eDP-1 3840/344x2160/194+0+0 eDP-1
1: +HDMI-2 1920/508x1080/286+0+0 HDMI-2 # Whew.. OK thats a good sign
运行 xrandr 不会显示任何已连接的东西，并且查看显示配置和 F7 不会给我任何改变的行为。
...
HDMI-2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
1920x1080 60.00
...
运行该代码后，以下是一些 dmesg 输出：
$ sudo dmesg | grep nouveau
[ 1.605229] nouveau: detected PR support, will not use DSM
[ 1.605262] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: enabling device (0006 -> 0007)
[ 1.605633] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: NVIDIA GP107 (137000a1)
[ 1.679239] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: bios: version 86.07.90.00.b9
[ 1.681314] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: pmu: firmware unavailable
[ 1.746332] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: fb: 3072 MiB GDDR5
[ 2.065653] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: VRAM: 3072 MiB
[ 2.065654] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: GART: 536870912 MiB
[ 2.065655] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: BIT table 'A' not found
[ 2.065656] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: BIT table 'L' not found
[ 2.065657] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: Pointer to TMDS table not found
[ 2.065658] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB version 4.1
[ 2.065931] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: MM: using COPY for buffer copies
[ 2.066096] [drm] Initialized nouveau 1.3.1 20120801 for 0000:01:00.0 on minor 1
[ 2.066098] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: Disabling PCI power management to avoid bug
$ sudo dmesg | grep nvidia
[ 4.478592] audit: type=1400 audit(1673601942.061:6): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="nvidia_modprobe" pid=625 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 4.478598] audit: type=1400 audit(1673601942.061:7): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="nvidia_modprobe//kmod" pid=625 comm="apparmor_parser"
$ sudo dmesg | grep HDMI
[ 0.305663] ACPI: Added _OSI(Linux-Lenovo-NV-HDMI-Audio)
[ 4.685570] input: HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=3 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0/input13
[ 4.685617] input: HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=7 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0/input14
[ 4.685683] input: HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=8 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0/input15
[ 4.685726] input: HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=9 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0/input16
[ 4.685779] input: HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=10 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0/input17
$ sudo dmesg | grep vga
[ 0.765647] pci 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: VGA device added: decodes=io+mem,owns=mem,locks=none
[ 0.765647] pci 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: bridge control possible
[ 0.765647] pci 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: setting as boot device
[ 0.765647] vgaarb: loaded
[ 1.623621] i915 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: deactivate vga console
[ 1.673431] i915 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: changed VGA decodes: olddecodes=io+mem,decodes=io+mem:owns=mem
[ 3.454663] vga_switcheroo: enabled
$ sudo dmesg | grep graphics
[ 0.091329] Reserving Intel graphics memory at [mem 0x7a800000-0x7e7fffff]
[ 0.917098] efifb: showing boot graphics
$ sudo dmesg | grep intel
[ 0.915864] intel_pstate: Intel P-state driver initializing
[ 0.916670] intel_pstate: HWP enabled
[ 0.956370] intel_pmc_core INT33A1:00: initialized
[ 1.505507] intel-lpss 0000:00:15.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
[ 4.369069] intel_pch_thermal 0000:00:12.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
[ 4.395582] intel_rapl_common: Found RAPL domain package
[ 4.395585] intel_rapl_common: Found RAPL domain dram
[ 4.486163] intel_rapl_common: Found RAPL domain package
[ 4.486166] intel_rapl_common: Found RAPL domain core
[ 4.486168] intel_rapl_common: Found RAPL domain uncore
[ 4.486169] intel_rapl_common: Found RAPL domain dram
[ 4.486170] intel_rapl_common: Found RAPL domain psys
[ 4.501921] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1f.3: DSP detected with PCI class/subclass/prog-if info 0x040380
[ 4.508606] Bluetooth: hci0: Found device firmware: intel/ibt-19-0-4.sfi
[ 4.516577] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1f.3: enabling device (0004 -> 0006)
[ 4.525944] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1f.3: bound 0000:00:02.0 (ops i915_audio_component_bind_ops [i915])
[ 4.678179] intel_tcc_cooling: Programmable TCC Offset detected
[ 6.404500] Bluetooth: hci0: Found Intel DDC parameters: intel/ibt-19-0-4.ddc
这些输出看起来像是一些东西，但我发现的只是一些我不太理解的开源/专有固件信息的夸大提及。鉴于我的历史，我宁愿在没有任何建议的情况下继续进行。
...
nouveau 0000:01:00.0: bios: version 86.07.90.00.b9
nouveau 0000:01:00.0: pmu: firmware unavailable
nouveau 0000:01:00.0: fb: 3072 MiB GDDR5
nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: VRAM: 3072 MiB
nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: GART: 536870912 MiB
nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: BIT table 'A' not found
nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: BIT table 'L' not found
nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: Pointer to TMDS table not found
...
nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: Disabling PCI power management to avoid bug
我仍然需要找到第二根 HDMI 电缆来测试，但是 HDMI 适配器显示端口可以包含其中的任何部分吗？
我不确定您还需要什么来帮助我，请告诉我。感谢您的宝贵时间以及您提供的任何帮助！