我正在尝试将我的旧 Debian 服务器从 jessie 更新为 bullseye。但我遇到了sysvinit-utils和都initscripts覆盖的问题/lib/init/vars.sh。
Preparing to unpack .../sysvinit-utils_2.96-7+deb11u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking sysvinit-utils (2.96-7+deb11u1) over (2.88dsf-59) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/sysvinit-utils_2.96-7+deb11u1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
trying to overwrite '/lib/init/vars.sh', which is also in package initscripts 2.88dsf-59
dpkg: considering deconfiguration of sysvinit-utils, which would be broken by installation of util-linux ...
dpkg: no, sysvinit-utils is essential, will not deconfigure
it in order to enable installation of util-linux
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/util-linux_2.36.1-8+deb11u1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
installing util-linux would break existing software
dpkg: considering deconfiguration of util-linux, which would be broken by installation of login ...
dpkg: no, util-linux is essential, will not deconfigure
it in order to enable installation of login
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/login_1%3a4.8.1-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
installing login would break existing software
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/sysvinit-utils_2.96-7+deb11u1_amd64.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/util-linux_2.36.1-8+deb11u1_amd64.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/login_1%3a4.8.1-1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
我不知道它们到底是做什么的，我检查了是否可以卸载其中一个，但它们似乎都非常重要：
shylux~ % sudo dpkg -P initscripts
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of initscripts:
rpcbind depends on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-13.3).
util-linux depends on initscripts.
rsyslog depends on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-13.3).
resolvconf depends on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-34).
systemd depends on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-53.2); however:
Package initscripts is to be removed.
openvpn depends on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-13.3).
procps depends on initscripts.
nfs-common depends on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-13.3); however:
Package initscripts is to be removed.
ifupdown depends on initscripts (>= 2.88dsf-25).
keyboard-configuration depends on initscripts.
dpkg: error processing package initscripts (--purge):
dependency problems - not removing
Errors were encountered while processing:
initscripts
shylux~ % sudo dpkg -P sysvinit-utils
dpkg: error processing package sysvinit-utils (--purge):
this is an essential package; it should not be removed
Errors were encountered while processing:
sysvinit-utils
您对如何解决这个问题有什么建议吗？重新安装整个服务器将需要相当长的时间。
答案1
答案2
在我看来，我不会升级到 Debian 11，正如@Stephen Kitt 已经写的那样
升级过程中可能会出现复杂情况，也不建议跳过一个版本或前 10 个版本，然后再跳过 11 个版本
首先，9 到 10 或 11 的某些版本可能不再存在于主贡献中，但已移至主贡献非免费或向后移植，以便以后通过 resources.list 进行安全、轻松的更新和升级
如果可能的话，我将使用 debian 11 执行新安装，并可能考虑重新规划服务器概念并并行运行并推送所有数据并将所有服务投入运行。
例如，可以使用 Docker 或 Kubernetes 将最重要的服务外包为小型微服务，这样您将来可以更轻松地更新，并且不需要单一的结构