从(BASIC)文件中提取字符串

从(BASIC)文件中提取字符串

我试图从一个字符串中提取所有字符串(按照它们出现的顺序)Taipan 的 BASIC 上市。但是,我还希望定界"(在字符串的开头和结尾)也出现在输出中,因为某些字符串末尾有空格,我需要能够“看到”它们并对它们进行计数(并且具有最后"会缓解这一点)。

更复杂的是,我在 macOS 上运行,因此一些 grep 参数将与 GNUgrep 不同。

示例行(包含两个字符串)是

1270 VTAB 19:PRINT " WE'VE CAPTURED A BIGGER SHIP!" : GOSUB 760:VTAB 19:PRINT " WE'RE TRANSFERRING TO IT NOW.": GOSUB 780:G = G + INT ( RND (1) * (G + 1)) + 1:E = SH + INT ( RND (1) * (SH + 150)) + 1: SH = SH + E:MW = MW + E:P=0

我需要的输出是

...
" WE'VE CAPTURED A BIGGER SHIP!"
" WE'RE TRANSFERRING TO IT NOW."
...

我设法只得到包含"using 1 的行

grep -o '".*"'

但这是一个贪婪的 grep,我在一行中得到两个或多个字符串,并且在字符串之间也捕获非字符串命令,而不是在不同的行上输出多语句行中的各个字符串,如下所示

" WE'VE CAPTURED A BIGGER SHIP!" : GOSUB 760:PRINT TAB(0,18) " WE'RE TRANSFERRING TO IT NOW."

这显然不是我想要的。

以下非贪婪grep似乎无法正常工作,并在输出中提供了更少的行(出于某种原因)2,可能是因为grep在 macOS 上没有该-P选项。

grep -oP '".*?"'

无论如何,继续输出grep -o '".*"',如果我将其输入awk并查找甚至字段3

grep -o '".*"' TAIPAN_BAS.txt | awk -F\" '{print $2}'
grep -o '".*"' TAIPAN_BAS.txt | awk -F\" '{print $4}'
grep -o '".*"' TAIPAN_BAS.txt | awk -F\" '{print $6}'

我会得到更多或更少的结果,除了多语句行上的第二个(或第三个或后续)字符串被输出仅在那之后所有第一次出现的字符串都已列出。

例如,使用它作为输入

1270 VTAB 19:PRINT " WE'VE CAPTURED A BIGGER SHIP!" : GOSUB 760:VTAB 19:PRINT " WE'RE TRANSFERRING TO IT NOW.": GOSUB 780:G = G + INT ( RND (1) * (G + 1)) + 1:E = SH + INT ( RND (1) * (SH + 150)) + 1: SH = SH + E:MW = MW + E:P=0
1280 IF SR < .1 THEN 1300 
1281 IF P > 0 THEN 1050 
1285 REM ARRIVAL (1290)
1290 CR = 0: SR = 1:L=PO:V(L) = V(L) + 1: B=0:K=0:GOSUB 160:HOME:PRINT:INVERSE:PRINT A$;: NORMAL: PRINT " ARRIVING "; L$(L);" AFTER": PRINT " A VOYAGE OF ";ET;" DAYS.": INVERSE:PRINT A$:NORMAL: GOSUB 780: HOME:GOTO 120

将输出第 n“批次”中的字符串:

<first command output>
 WE'VE CAPTURED A BIGGER SHIP!
 ARRIVING 
<second command output>
 WE'RE TRANSFERRING TO IT NOW.
 AFTER
<third command output>
 A VOYAGE OF 

而如果像这样排序,输出会更好

 WE'VE CAPTURED A BIGGER SHIP!
 WE'RE TRANSFERRING TO IT NOW.
 ARRIVING 
 AFTER
 A VOYAGE OF 

然而,即使有了这个“更理想”的输出,仍然存在两个问题:

  • 最后一个字符串 ( " DAYS.") 丢失 - 我需要一个额外的命令获取第八个字段,就像这样

    grep -o '".*"' TAIPAN_BAS.txt | awk -F\" '{print $8}'
    
  • 双引号也丢失了。

这就是我想看到的(带有:双引号;全部琴弦的长度,以及;按出现顺序):

" WE'VE CAPTURED A BIGGER SHIP!"
" WE'RE TRANSFERRING TO IT NOW."
" ARRIVING "
" AFTER"
" A VOYAGE OF "
" DAYS."

笔记:除了撇号之外,所有字符串中都不包含引号(单引号或双引号)。

我的问题是:

  • 我怎样才能找到全部多语句行上的偶数字段,而不必发出分离命令为每个字段 - 是否没有一种编程方式来表达{print $2 $4 $6 ...}awk
  • 如何将第二个和第三个字符串拼接到文件中,以便它们按顺序出现,而不是批量出现(所有第一个字符串出现、所有第二个字符串出现、第三个字符串出现等)
    • 我试过这个

      grep -o '".*"' TAIPAN_BAS.txt | awk -F\" '{printf $2,"\\n"$4"\\n"$6}'
      

      但所有内容都在一行上输出,仅输出第一个字符串实例,并且换行符 ( \\n) 似乎被忽略。

  • 如何停止awk删除字段分隔符(即")?

我再次使用 macOS,因此 GNU 解决方案可能没有帮助。另外,我愿意使用sed或其他东西(我已经尝试过cuttr但他们只是删除了"并留下了代码负载)。


1来自这个答案如何从命令的输出中提取带引号的字符串的内容?

2重新检查后,它只给我“使用”消息。

3来自这个答案提取双引号之间的字符串

答案1

使用(以前称为 Perl_6)

~$ raku -ne '.put for .comb( / \" <-["]>+? \" /);'  file

或者:

~$ raku -ne '.put for .comb( / \" ~ \" <-["]>+?  /);'  file

以下是用 Raku(Perl 编程语言家族的成员)编写的答案。 Raku 具有强大的正则表达式/语法引擎,可用于解析代码(请参阅:“Raku 语法中的简单解析器”)。

您可以通过上面的comb代码来搜索您想要的模式。要创建自定义字符类,查找<+["]>用于正选择和<-["]>负选择的引号。第二个答案使用 Raku 的~波浪号表示法,这对于提取嵌套文本元素和/或其周围元素很有用。

输入示例:

1270 VTAB 19:PRINT " WE'VE CAPTURED A BIGGER SHIP!" : GOSUB 760:VTAB 19:PRINT " WE'RE TRANSFERRING TO IT NOW.": GOSUB 780:G = G + INT ( RND (1) * (G + 1)) + 1:E = SH + INT ( RND (1) * (SH + 150)) + 1: SH = SH + E:MW = MW + E:P=0
1280 IF SR < .1 THEN 1300 
1281 IF P > 0 THEN 1050 
1285 REM ARRIVAL (1290)
1290 CR = 0: SR = 1:L=PO:V(L) = V(L) + 1: B=0:K=0:GOSUB 160:HOME:PRINT:INVERSE:PRINT A$;: NORMAL: PRINT " ARRIVING "; L$(L);" AFTER": PRINT " A VOYAGE OF ";ET;" DAYS.": INVERSE:PRINT A$:NORMAL: GOSUB 780: HOME:GOTO 120

1295 REM THAT'S ALL FOLKS (1300-1321)
1300 HOME:NW = C - D:Q = NW / GT: VTAB 4: INVERSE: PRINT A$;: NORMAL: PRINT:PRINT "YOUR SCORE, BASED UPON TIME AND YOUR": PRINT "NET WORTH (EXCLUDING STOCK) IS ";: GOSUB 1330:INVERSE: PRINT A$: NORMAL
1310 IF X$ = "R" THEN PRINT "WOULD YOU LIKE TO PICK UP THIS":PRINT"GAME WHERE YOU LEFT OFF (Y/N)?": GOSUB 60:IF X$ = "Y" THEN HOME:GOTO 120
1320 GOSUB 1340: VTAB 10:PRINT A$;: PRINT "DO YOU WISH TO START OVER (Y/N)?": GOSUB 60:IF X$ = "Y" THEN RUN
1321 END

示例输出:

" WE'VE CAPTURED A BIGGER SHIP!"
" WE'RE TRANSFERRING TO IT NOW."
" ARRIVING "
" AFTER"
" A VOYAGE OF "
" DAYS."
"YOUR SCORE, BASED UPON TIME AND YOUR"
"NET WORTH (EXCLUDING STOCK) IS "
"R"
"WOULD YOU LIKE TO PICK UP THIS"
"GAME WHERE YOU LEFT OFF (Y/N)?"
"Y"
"DO YOU WISH TO START OVER (Y/N)?"
"Y"

上面的示例输出仅供您入门。您还可以记录找到引用字符串的行号:

~$ raku -e ' for lines.kv -> $k,$v { put "$k\t$_" for $v.comb( / \" <-["]>+? \" /)};' file
0   " WE'VE CAPTURED A BIGGER SHIP!"
0   " WE'RE TRANSFERRING TO IT NOW."
4   " ARRIVING "
4   " AFTER"
4   " A VOYAGE OF "
4   " DAYS."
7   "YOUR SCORE, BASED UPON TIME AND YOUR"
7   "NET WORTH (EXCLUDING STOCK) IS "
8   "R"
8   "WOULD YOU LIKE TO PICK UP THIS"
8   "GAME WHERE YOU LEFT OFF (Y/N)?"
8   "Y"
9   "DO YOU WISH TO START OVER (Y/N)?"
9   "Y"

grep最后,如果您想返回“程序行号”,Raku确实可以帮助您,因为它会过滤掉导致错误的空白行:

~$ raku -e 'for lines.grep(*.chars).map( *.split(" ", 2)) { my $k = .[0];  my $v = .[1];  put "$k\t$_" for $v.comb( / \" <-["]>+? \" /) };'  file
1270    " WE'VE CAPTURED A BIGGER SHIP!"
1270    " WE'RE TRANSFERRING TO IT NOW."
1290    " ARRIVING "
1290    " AFTER"
1290    " A VOYAGE OF "
1290    " DAYS."
1300    "YOUR SCORE, BASED UPON TIME AND YOUR"
1300    "NET WORTH (EXCLUDING STOCK) IS "
1310    "R"
1310    "WOULD YOU LIKE TO PICK UP THIS"
1310    "GAME WHERE YOU LEFT OFF (Y/N)?"
1310    "Y"
1320    "DO YOU WISH TO START OVER (Y/N)?"
1320    "Y"

https://docs.raku.org/language/regexes#Tilde_for_nesting_structs
https://docs.raku.org/language/regexes
https://docs.raku.org
https://raku.org

答案2

-P选项代表 Perl,并使用 Perl 正则表达式,因此在不可用的情况下,您可以直接使用 Perl...

% perl -lne 'print $& while /".*?"/g' file2.txt
" WE'VE CAPTURED A BIGGER SHIP!"
" WE'RE TRANSFERRING TO IT NOW."
" ARRIVING "
" AFTER"
" A VOYAGE OF "
" DAYS."

$&是完整的匹配字符串,你已经知道".*?"是什么了。)

但是,当然,由于结束标记只是一个字符,因此您可以匹配两个所需双引号之间不是双引号的任何内容,即使在常规中grep

% grep -oe  '"[^"]*"' file2.txt

答案3

在每个 Unix 机器上的任何 shell 中使用任何 awk:

$ awk -F'"' '{for (i=2; i<NF; i+=2) print FS $i FS}' file
" WE'VE CAPTURED A BIGGER SHIP!"
" WE'RE TRANSFERRING TO IT NOW."
" ARRIVING "
" AFTER"
" A VOYAGE OF "
" DAYS."

"上面假设您引用的字符串中没有s 或换行符。

如果可以的话,正确的解决方案将取决于如何表示"内部"分隔字符串(不允许或通过加倍转义""或通过反斜杠\"或其他方式转义)以及应如何处理换行符(按原样打印,转换为空白,或其他的东西)。

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