我的外部硬盘（WD Elements）刚刚进入一种奇怪的状态，我问这个问题是为了看看是否有人能理解这一点。
我晚上运行了一项很长的工作，从该硬盘读取一些大文件，处理它们，然后将一些较小的文件写回硬盘。早上，工作完成后，似乎大多数文件都从外部驱动器中删除了。
使用 dolphin 或ls仅该作业应该写入的一些文件在那里，其他文件则不在那里。此外，该作业仅应读取的所有大文件都丢失了。
但是，如果其中一个大文件已被删除，则作业应该会失败。事实上，如果我从记忆中输入它们的名称，我实际上可以读取这些“不存在”的文件（例如我能够将cp他们带到另一个位置）。该工作已成功完成，所有文件均已写入，但类似的工具ls不会显示它们（我也尝试卸载和重新安装）。
我通过记住文件路径解决了这个问题，但是如果您不记得这些文件，有没有办法恢复？
我在 Ubuntu 22.04 上，外部硬盘有 ntfs3：
$ df -hT
...
/dev/sdb1 ntfs3 1,9T 863G 1001G 47% /media/marc/Elements
编辑
这项工作是一个 python 脚本，它使用 读取 grib 文件，pupygrib使用 .nc 文件读取 nc 文件netCDF4。后来找不到所有 grib 和 nc 文件ls（即使它们仍然存在）。对于python 中的文件句柄，pupygrib使用C 模式打开文件。open(..., "rb")netCDF4"r"
为了编写，Python 脚本用于pyarrow编写 parquet 文件。其中一些文件“丢失了”（尽管如上所述，它们实际上仍然存在）。据我所知， Python 中pyarrow用于open(..., 'wb')打开文件进行写入。
在将文件复制回硬盘时，我注意到某些文件在重命名后似乎也消失了（使用mv）。不过，我没有注意到任何系统性的消失（例如某些名称往往会消失）。所有路径名仅包含字符 aZ、数字 0-9、_、/、.、-。最长的路径名长度为 110 个字符。
智能监控工具
$ sudo smartctl -q noserial -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-6.5.0-10022-tuxedo] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: WDC WD20SDRW-11VUUS0
Firmware Version: 01.01A01
User Capacity: 2.000.365.379.584 bytes [2,00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
TRIM Command: Available, deterministic
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 5
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sat Feb 3 13:07:08 2024 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (14640) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x51) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 298) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x7035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 196 190 021 Pre-fail Always - 3158
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 216
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 316
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 51
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 27
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 2773
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 113 098 000 Old_age Always - 34
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 316 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.