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持久配置两块网卡

tag-icon • tag-icon debian raspberry-pi network-interface networkmanager systemd-networkd
持久配置两块网卡

我有两个网卡，想要设置系统，因此第二个是主/默认网卡。

  • 第一个是 1Gb 单元及其内置。
  • 第二个是 2.5gb NIC，通过 USB3 连接，我安装操作系统时没有这个，即 Raspberry Pi OS Lite 64 位Debian 版本：12（书呆子）

我想要做的就是将 2.5Gb 设置为主/默认！这可能吗？

每次我使用它进行设置时，nmtui它都会在系统仍然打开的情况下工作，但是如果系统重新启动，我就必须重新做一遍。

这些帖子/威胁显示了我陷入的所有兔子洞以及我尝试过但最终未能解决问题的方法。 OMV 论坛-树莓派论坛-树莓派论坛

更新，我在遵循@metabaster 的逐步回复后发布了结果

sudo nano /etc/systemd/network/lo.network

[Match]
Name=lo
Type=loopback

[Network]
Address=127.0.0.1/8

sudo nano /etc/systemd/network/eth0.network

[Match]
Name=eth0
Type=ether

[Network]
DHCP=yes

[DHCPv4]
RouteMetric=100

sudo nano /etc/systemd/network/eth1.network

[Match]
Name=eth1
Type=ether

[Address]
Address=10.0.0.10/24
Broadcast=true
RouteMetric=10

[Network]
DHCP=no
DNS=1.1.1.1

[Route]
Gateway=10.0.0.1
Metric=10

ls -1 /etc/systemd/network

73-usb-net-by-mac.link
99-default.link
eth0.network
eth1.network
lo.network

sudo systemctl status networking

○ networking.service - Raise network interfaces
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/networking.service; disabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: inactive (dead)
       Docs: man:interfaces(5)

sudo systemctl status systemd-networkd

● systemd-networkd.service - Network Configuration
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/systemd-networkd.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sun 2024-04-28 14:24:11 CEST; 7h ago
TriggeredBy: ● systemd-networkd.socket
       Docs: man:systemd-networkd.service(8)
             man:org.freedesktop.network1(5)
   Main PID: 314 (systemd-network)
     Status: "Processing requests..."
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 9255)
        CPU: 90ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/systemd-networkd.service
             └─314 /lib/systemd/systemd-networkd

Apr 28 14:24:11 Pi5 systemd-networkd[314]: eth0: Configuring with /etc/systemd/network/eth0.network.
Apr 28 14:24:11 Pi5 systemd[1]: Started systemd-networkd.service - Network Configuration.
Apr 28 14:24:11 Pi5 systemd-networkd[314]: lo: Configuring with /etc/systemd/network/lo.network.
Apr 28 14:24:11 Pi5 systemd-networkd[314]: eth0: Link UP
Apr 28 14:24:41 Pi5 systemd-networkd[314]: eth1: found matching network '/etc/systemd/network/eth1.network', based on potentially unpredictable interface name.
Apr 28 14:24:41 Pi5 systemd-networkd[314]: eth1: Configuring with /etc/systemd/network/eth1.network.
Apr 28 14:24:41 Pi5 systemd-networkd[314]: eth1: Link UP
Apr 28 14:24:44 Pi5 systemd-networkd[314]: eth1: Gained carrier
Apr 28 14:24:44 Pi5 systemd-networkd[314]: eth1: found matching network '/etc/systemd/network/eth1.network', based on potentially unpredictable interface name.
Apr 28 14:24:46 Pi5 systemd-networkd[314]: eth1: Gained IPv6LL

ethtool eth1

Settings for eth1:
        Supported ports: [ TP    MII ]
        Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                                1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
                                2500baseT/Full
        Supported pause frame use: No
        Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
        Supported FEC modes: Not reported
        Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                                1000baseT/Full
                                2500baseT/Full
        Advertised pause frame use: No
        Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
        Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
        Link partner advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                             100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                                             1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
        Link partner advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
        Link partner advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
        Link partner advertised FEC modes: Not reported
        Speed: 1000Mb/s
        Duplex: Full
        Auto-negotiation: on
        Port: MII
        PHYAD: 32
        Transceiver: internal
netlink error: Operation not permitted
        Current message level: 0x00007fff (32767)
                               drv probe link timer ifdown ifup rx_err tx_err tx_queued intr tx_done rx_status pktdata hw wol
        Link detected: yes

ip route show

default via 10.0.0.1 dev eth1 proto static metric 10
10.0.0.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.0.10 metric 10

ip addr show

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 2c:cf:67:2f:cf:9a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:24:27:88:29:17 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.10/24 metric 10 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fd75:a6e1:4b04:360:224:27ff:fe88:2917/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr noprefixroute
       valid_lft 1552sec preferred_lft 1552sec
    inet6 fe80::224:27ff:fe88:2917/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

sudo systemctl stop NetworkManager
sudo systemctl disable NetworkManager
sudo systemctl status NetworkManager

○ NetworkManager.service - Network Manager
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; disabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: inactive (dead)
       Docs: man:NetworkManager(8)

答案1

您有 2 个NIC's，并且希望2.5gb NIC将第一个设为默认值，并且优先于第1Gb一个。

除了根据cat /etc/network/interfaces您评论中的输出之外，这只能通过systemd-networkd

这意味着networking需要禁用该服务（如果已启用）并且systemd-networkd应该使用该服务。

systemd-networkd提供了一种配置接口的方法，最重要的是设置接口，metric这将使其中一个接口成为NIC's默认接口。

第一步是学习NIC 名字通过运行以下命令：

ip link show

此命令将列出您的NIC姓名，单个的示例输出NIC如下：

6: ovsbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether e6:db:3f:88:4b:48 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.11.1/24 brd 192.168.11.255 scope global ovsbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::e4db:3fff:fe88:4b48/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

在这个例子中ovsbr0是NIC名称，在您的实际输出中您应该看到多个NIC名称，但您只关心NIC's需要配置的 2 个名称，包括lo NIC环回接口并且也需要配置。

我们先来配置一下lo接口，如下：

sudo nano /etc/systemd/network/lo.network

这将打开 nano 编辑器，将以下配置插入（复制\粘贴）到其中并使用 和CTRL+O保存CTRL+X：

[Match]
Name=lo
Type=loopback

[Network]
Address=127.0.0.1/8

Loopback 接口配置完毕，接下来需要配置其他 2 个接口NIC's，每个接口的配置NIC都存储在/etc/systemd/network目录中。

创建的文件应该以NIC名称和*.network扩展名命名，就像我们在lo上面的界面中所做的那样。

我假设您NIC's被调用enp1，enp2但您请确保将这些名称替换为NIC通过ip link show命令获得的实际名称。
我还将假设您希望将其enp1设为2.5gb NIC默认值...

所以第一个的配置是：

sudo nano /etc/systemd/network/enp1.network

配置如下NIC：

[Match]
Name=enp1

[Network]
DHCP=ipv4

[DHCPv4]
RouteMetric=10

[Route]
Metric=10

就这样，保存配置并关闭nano编辑器，然后我们配置第二个：

sudo nano /etc/systemd/network/enp2.network

配置如下NIC：

[Match]
Name=enp2

[Network]
DHCP=ipv4

[DHCPv4]
RouteMetric=100

[Route]
Metric=100

再次保存并关闭 Nano 编辑器。

请注意，RouteMetric条目决定哪NIC一个将是默认值，较低metric意味着优先级较高！

接下来我们需要禁用networking服务如下（如果错误，忽略它）

# Backup previous config
sudo mv /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.save

# Stop networking
sudo systemctl stop networking
sudo systemctl disable networking

下一步是启用systemd-networkd服务（必须成功）：

# Start systemd-networkd
sudo systemctl start systemd-networkd
sudo systemctl enable systemd-networkd

从输出中systemd-networkd启用和禁用验证：networking

sudo systemctl status networking
sudo systemctl status systemd-networkd

最后重启系统：

systemctl reboot

重新启动后执行这些步骤后，2.5gb NIC应默认使用。

系统已重新启动...

检查路由是否正确：

ip route show

它应该显示您的enp1NIC 已10为default路由分配了指标，例如：

default via x.x.x.x dev enp1 proto static metric 10
default via x.x.x.x dev enp2 proto static metric 100

检查DHCP工作并IP分配：

ip addr show

应该显示已从您的路由器enp1获得了地址。IPv4NAT

例如：

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute 
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

在inet该部分下，它显示已分配地址，如果没有inet地址，则不起作用。

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