Debian 12 在上次升级后无法启动，如下所示
[失败] Lightm 未加载
/var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log内容如下
[+0.00s] DEBUG: Starting Light Display Manager 1.26.0, UID=0 PID=722
[+0.00s] DEBUG: Loading configuration dirs from /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d
[+0.00s] DEBUG: Loading configuration from /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/01_debian.conf
[+0.00s] DEBUG: Loading configuration dirs from /usr/local/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d
[+0.00s] DEBUG: Loading configuration dirs from /etc/xdg/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d
[+0.00s] DEBUG: Loading configuration from /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
[+0.00s] DEBUG: Registered seat module local
[+0.00s] DEBUG: Registered seat module xremote
[+0.00s] DEBUG: Registered seat module unity
[+0.00s] DEBUG: Using D-Bus name org.freedesktop.DisplayManager
[+0.00s] DEBUG: Using cross-namespace EXTERNAL authentication (this will deadlock if server is GDBus < 2.73.3)
[+0.00s] DEBUG: _g_io_module_get_default: Found default implementation local (GLocalVfs) for ‘gio-vfs’
[+0.01s] DEBUG: Monitoring logind for seats
[+0.01s] DEBUG: New seat added from logind: seat0
[+0.01s] DEBUG: Seat seat0: Loading properties from config section Seat:*
[+0.01s] DEBUG: Seat seat0 has property CanMultiSession=no
[+0.01s] DEBUG: Seat seat0: Starting
[+0.01s] DEBUG: Seat seat0: Creating greeter session
[+0.01s] DEBUG: Seat seat0: Creating display server of type x
[+0.01s] DEBUG: Using VT 7
[+0.01s] DEBUG: Seat seat0: Starting local X display on VT 7
[+0.01s] DEBUG: XServer 0: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/x-0.log
[+0.01s] DEBUG: XServer 0: Writing X server authority to /var/run/lightdm/root/:0
[+0.01s] DEBUG: XServer 0: Launching X Server
[+0.01s] DEBUG: Launching process 728: /usr/bin/X :0 -seat seat0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch
[+0.01s] DEBUG: XServer 0: Waiting for ready signal from X server :0
[+0.01s] DEBUG: Acquired bus name org.freedesktop.DisplayManager
[+0.01s] DEBUG: Registering seat with bus path /org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Seat0
[+0.01s] DEBUG: Loading users from org.freedesktop.Accounts
[+0.01s] DEBUG: User /org/freedesktop/Accounts/User1000 added
[+0.31s] DEBUG: Process 728 exited with return value 1
[+0.31s] DEBUG: XServer 0: X server stopped
[+0.31s] DEBUG: Releasing VT 7
[+0.31s] DEBUG: XServer 0: Removing X server authority /var/run/lightdm/root/:0
[+0.31s] DEBUG: Seat seat0: Display server stopped
[+0.31s] DEBUG: Seat seat0: Stopping session
[+0.31s] DEBUG: Seat seat0: Session stopped
[+0.31s] DEBUG: Seat seat0: Stopping display server, no sessions require it
[+0.31s] DEBUG: Seat seat0: Stopping; greeter display server failed to start
[+0.31s] DEBUG: Seat seat0: Stopping
[+0.31s] DEBUG: Seat seat0: Stopped
[+0.31s] DEBUG: Required seat has stopped
[+0.31s] DEBUG: Stopping display manager
[+0.31s] DEBUG: Display manager stopped
[+0.31s] DEBUG: Stopping daemon
[+0.31s] DEBUG: Exiting with return value 1
sudo Xorg -configure给出
X.Org X Server 1.21.1.7
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
Current Operating System: Linux ariel-ThinkPad-Edge 6.1.0-20-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.85-1 (2024-04-11) x86_64
Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-6.1.0-20-amd64 root=UUID=2d57e90e-866c-490a-9449-22621e9f01c2 ro init_on_alloc=0 quiet
xorg-server 2:21.1.7-3+deb12u7 (https://www.debian.org/support)
Current version of pixman: 0.42.2
Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
(==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Mon Apr 29 11:36:45 2024
List of video drivers:
amdgpu
ati
intel
nouveau
qxl
radeon
vmware
modesetting
fbdev
vesa
(++) Using config file: "/root/xorg.conf.new"
(==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
Number of created screens does not match number of detected devices.
Configuration failed.
(EE) Server terminated with error (2). Closing log file.
重新安装 lightdm、xfce4、转向 gnome 或 mate 都没有帮助。不完全重装就能解决吗？
Xorg.0.log如下
[ 1310.508]
X.Org X Server 1.21.1.7
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
[ 1310.508] Current Operating System: Linux ariel-ThinkPad-Edge 6.1.0-20-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.85-1 (2024-04-11) x86_64
[ 1310.508] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-6.1.0-20-amd64 root=UUID=2d57e90e-866c-490a-9449-22621e9f01c2 ro init_on_alloc=0 quiet
[ 1310.508] xorg-server 2:21.1.7-3+deb12u7 (https://www.debian.org/support)
[ 1310.508] Current version of pixman: 0.42.2
[ 1310.508] Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
[ 1310.508] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[ 1310.509] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Mon Apr 29 11:36:45 2024
[ 1310.509] (II) Loader magic: 0x56321c153f00
[ 1310.509] (II) Module ABI versions:
[ 1310.509] X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
[ 1310.509] X.Org Video Driver: 25.2
[ 1310.509] X.Org XInput driver : 24.4
[ 1310.509] X.Org Server Extension : 10.0
[ 1310.510] (--) using VT number 2
[ 1310.510] (II) systemd-logind: logind integration requires -keeptty and -keeptty was not provided, disabling logind integration
[ 1310.514] (--) PCI:*(1@0:0:0) 10de:0a34:17aa:38cd rev 162, Mem @ 0xd2000000/16777216, 0xc0000000/268435456, 0xd0000000/33554432, I/O @ 0x00006000/128, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072
[ 1310.515] List of video drivers:
[ 1310.515] amdgpu
[ 1310.515] ati
[ 1310.515] intel
[ 1310.515] nouveau
[ 1310.515] qxl
[ 1310.515] radeon
[ 1310.515] vmware
[ 1310.515] modesetting
[ 1310.515] fbdev
[ 1310.515] vesa
[ 1310.515] (II) LoadModule: "amdgpu"
[ 1310.515] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/amdgpu_drv.so
[ 1310.516] (II) Module amdgpu: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 1310.516] compiled for 1.21.1.7, module version = 23.0.0
[ 1310.516] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 1310.516] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[ 1310.516] (II) LoadModule: "ati"
[ 1310.516] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/ati_drv.so
[ 1310.516] (II) Module ati: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 1310.516] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 19.1.0
[ 1310.516] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 1310.516] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[ 1310.516] (II) LoadModule: "intel"
[ 1310.516] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so
[ 1310.517] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 1310.517] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 2.99.917
[ 1310.517] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 1310.517] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[ 1310.517] (II) LoadModule: "nouveau"
[ 1310.517] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/nouveau_drv.so
[ 1310.517] (II) Module nouveau: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 1310.517] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 1.0.17
[ 1310.517] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 1310.517] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[ 1310.517] (II) LoadModule: "qxl"
[ 1310.517] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/qxl_drv.so
[ 1310.517] (II) Module qxl: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 1310.517] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 0.1.5
[ 1310.517] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 1310.518] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[ 1310.518] (II) LoadModule: "radeon"
[ 1310.518] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/radeon_drv.so
[ 1310.518] (II) Module radeon: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 1310.518] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 19.1.0
[ 1310.518] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 1310.518] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[ 1310.518] (II) LoadModule: "vmware"
[ 1310.518] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vmware_drv.so
[ 1310.547] (II) Module vmware: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 1310.547] compiled for 1.21.1.7, module version = 13.3.0
[ 1310.547] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 1310.547] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[ 1310.547] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"
[ 1310.548] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so
[ 1310.548] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 1310.548] compiled for 1.21.1.7, module version = 1.21.1
[ 1310.548] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 1310.548] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[ 1310.548] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
[ 1310.548] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so
[ 1310.548] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 1310.548] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 0.5.0
[ 1310.548] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 1310.548] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[ 1310.548] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
[ 1310.548] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so
[ 1310.549] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 1310.549] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 2.5.0
[ 1310.549] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 1310.549] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[ 1310.549] (II) NOUVEAU driver Date: Sat Jan 23 12:24:42 2021 -0500
[ 1310.549] (II) NOUVEAU driver for NVIDIA chipset families :
[ 1310.549] RIVA TNT (NV04)
[ 1310.549] RIVA TNT2 (NV05)
[ 1310.549] GeForce 256 (NV10)
[ 1310.549] GeForce 2 (NV11, NV15)
[ 1310.549] GeForce 4MX (NV17, NV18)
[ 1310.549] GeForce 3 (NV20)
[ 1310.549] GeForce 4Ti (NV25, NV28)
[ 1310.549] GeForce FX (NV3x)
[ 1310.549] GeForce 6 (NV4x)
[ 1310.549] GeForce 7 (G7x)
[ 1310.549] GeForce 8 (G8x)
[ 1310.549] GeForce 9 (G9x)
[ 1310.549] GeForce GTX 2xx/3xx (GT2xx)
[ 1310.549] GeForce GTX 4xx/5xx (GFxxx)
[ 1310.550] GeForce GTX 6xx/7xx (GKxxx)
[ 1310.550] GeForce GTX 9xx (GMxxx)
[ 1310.550] GeForce GTX 10xx (GPxxx)
[ 1310.550] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms
[ 1310.550] (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev
[ 1310.550] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa
[ 1310.592] (++) Using config file: "/root/xorg.conf.new"
[ 1310.592] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[ 1310.592] (==) ServerLayout "X.org Configured"
[ 1310.592] (**) |-->Screen "Screen0" (0)
[ 1310.592] (**) | |-->Monitor "Monitor0"
[ 1310.593] (**) | |-->Device "Card0"
[ 1310.593] (**) |-->Input Device "Mouse0"
[ 1310.593] (**) |-->Input Device "Keyboard0"
[ 1310.593] (==) Automatically adding devices
[ 1310.593] (==) Automatically enabling devices
[ 1310.593] (==) Automatically adding GPU devices
[ 1310.593] (==) Automatically binding GPU devices
[ 1310.593] (==) Max clients allowed: 256, resource mask: 0x1fffff
[ 1310.593] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not exist.
[ 1310.593] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 1310.593] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not exist.
[ 1310.593] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 1310.593] (**) FontPath set to:
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi,
built-ins,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi,
built-ins
[ 1310.593] (**) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
[ 1310.593] (WW) Hotplugging is on, devices using drivers 'kbd', 'mouse' or 'vmmouse' will be disabled.
[ 1310.593] (WW) Disabling Mouse0
[ 1310.593] (WW) Disabling Keyboard0
[ 1310.729] (EE) [drm] Failed to open DRM device for pci:0000:01:00.0: -19
[ 1310.730] Number of created screens does not match number of detected devices.
Configuration failed.
[ 1310.730] (EE) Server terminated with error (2). Closing log file.
我曾经在上次升级之前尝试安装cuda。它导致 gui 故障，所以我卸载了 cuda，返回 nouveau，然后运行Xorg -configure，一切似乎都正常。如果我在 grub 上启动到以前版本的 Debian（比如 6.8 而不是 6.10），它仍然可以工作。当前的xorg.conf如下
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "X.org Configured"
Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0
InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection
Section "Files"
ModulePath "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi"
FontPath "built-ins"
EndSection
Section "Module"
Load "glx"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Keyboard0"
Driver "kbd"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Mouse0"
Driver "mouse"
Option "Protocol" "auto"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
VendorName "Monitor Vendor"
ModelName "Monitor Model"
EndSection
Section "Device"
### Available Driver options are:-
### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",
### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz",
### <percent>: "<f>%"
### [arg]: arg optional
#Option "SWcursor" # [<bool>]
#Option "HWcursor" # [<bool>]
#Option "NoAccel" # [<bool>]
#Option "ShadowFB" # [<bool>]
#Option "VideoKey" # <i>
#Option "WrappedFB" # [<bool>]
#Option "GLXVBlank" # [<bool>]
#Option "ZaphodHeads" # <str>
#Option "PageFlip" # [<bool>]
#Option "SwapLimit" # <i>
#Option "AsyncUTSDFS" # [<bool>]
#Option "AccelMethod" # <str>
#Option "DRI" # <i>
Identifier "Card0"
Driver "nouveau"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 1
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 4
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 8
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 15
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 16
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
EndSubSection
EndSection
我的显卡是 Nvidia GeForce 240M。