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一次定义一列，而不是一次定义一行

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一次定义一列，而不是一次定义一行

有没有办法定义这样的表？

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
    column 1, row 1 \\
    column 1, row 2 \\
    column 1, row 3 \\
    column 1, row 4 \\
    column 1, row 5 \\ &&
    column 2, row 1 \\
    column 2, row 2 \\
    column 2, row 3 \\
    column 2, row 4 \\
    column 2, row 5 \\
\end{tabular}

我对如何做到这一点很灵活，我只是希望能够一次定义一整列（因为每列的条目都是高度相互关联的，而不是从一行到另一行的关联）。

答案1

使用两个表格...

\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}[t]{|c}
    column 1, row 1 \\
    column 1, row 2 \\
    column 1, row 3 \\
    column 1, row 4 \\
    column 1, row 5 \\
\end{tabular}%
\begin{tabular}[t]{|c|}
    column 2, row 1 \\
    column 2, row 2 \\
    column 2, row 3 \\
    column 2, row 4 \\
    column 2, row 5 \\
\end{tabular}

\end{document}

答案2

下面的代码定义了一个vtab环境，它读取其主体（感谢包environ）并将其拆分为列和单元格（使用一些 LaTeX3 代码），然后将其重新组合成行而不是列，并将其两个参数放在结果之前和之后。它用作

\begin{vtab}{\begin{tabular}{cccc}}{\end{tabular}}
a\\b\\c\\d&
e\\f&
g\\h\\i&
j\\k\\l\\m\\n\\o
\end{vtab}

下面的代码中有一些注释，请随时提问。之前，我忘记了\ExplSyntaxOff恢复正常 TeX 行为（不忽略空格）的那行。

\RequirePackage{expl3}
\RequirePackage{environ}
\ExplSyntaxOn
% \NewEnviron defines |\begin{vtab}| to grab until |\end{vtab}|
% and store the result in |\BODY|. Then two steps.
% (1) Split |\BODY| into cells, storing them in a property list.
% (2) Read the property list in a different order, building the
% body of the tabular as we go.
% (3) Typesetting the tabular.
%
\NewEnviron { vtab } [2]
  {
    \TV_read:V \BODY
    \TV_build:
    \tl_put_left:Nn \l_TV_result_tl { #1 }
    \tl_put_right:Nn \l_TV_result_tl { #2 }
    \tl_use:N \l_TV_result_tl
  }

% We need some variables.
\int_new:N \l_TV_col_int
\int_new:N \l_TV_row_int
\int_new:N \l_TV_max_row_int
\prop_new:N \l_TV_cells_prop
\tl_new:N \l_TV_result_tl
\tl_new:N \l_TV_row_tl
\tl_new:N \l_TV_cell_tl

% Generic function to split a list with items delimited by a given token
% (in our application, either & or \\) and apply the third argument to
% each item that was found: this third argument will receive the item as
% |#1|. Used as |\TV_map_inline:nnn {\\} {a\\b\\c} {do #1}|.
%
% It is slightly tricky to get nesting to work (see e.g., explanations
% for |\clist_map_inline:nn| in |l3clist.dtx|).
%
\int_new:N \g_TV_map_inline_int
\cs_new_protected:Npn \TV_map_inline:nnn #1 #2 #3
  {
    \tl_if_empty:nF {#2}
      {
        \cs_gset_eq:cN
          {TV_map_inline_\int_use:N \g_TV_map_inline_int :w}
          \TV_map_inline_aux:w
        \int_gincr:N \g_TV_map_inline_int
        %
        \cs_gset:Npn \TV_map_inline_aux:w ##1 #1 
          {
            \quark_if_recursion_tail_stop:n {##1}
            #3
            \TV_map_inline_aux:w
          }
        \TV_map_inline_aux:w #2 #1 \q_recursion_tail #1 \q_recursion_stop
        %
        \int_decr:N \g_TV_map_inline_int
        \cs_gset_eq:Nc
          \TV_map_inline_aux:w
          {TV_map_inline_\int_use:N \g_TV_map_inline_int :w}
      }
  }

% We split into columns first |&|, then rows |\\|. While doing this,
% we keep track of the index of the row and column, and what the
% highest row number is (this will be the number of rows in the
% resulting tabular). The cell's content is stored as the property
% "row,column" in |\l_TV_cells_prop|.
%
\cs_new:Npn \TV_read:n #1
  {
    \int_zero:N \l_TV_col_int
    \int_zero:N \l_TV_max_row_int
    \TV_map_inline:nnn {&} {#1}
      {
        \int_incr:N \l_TV_col_int
        \int_zero:N \l_TV_row_int
        \TV_map_inline:nnn {\\} {##1}
          {
            \int_incr:N \l_TV_row_int
            \exp_args:NNx \prop_put:Nnn \l_TV_cells_prop
              { \int_use:N \l_TV_row_int , \int_use:N \l_TV_col_int }
              { ####1 }
          }
        \int_compare:nT { \l_TV_row_int > \l_TV_max_row_int }
          { \int_set_eq:NN \l_TV_max_row_int \l_TV_row_int }
      }
  }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \TV_read:n {V}

% To build, loop for |##1| from 1 to the number of rows,
% and for |####1| from 1 to the number of columns, and extract
% the relevant cell, then place it in the relevant row.
% The funny |\use_none:n| business removes the first |&| from
% each row as it is added to the result.
\cs_new:Npn \TV_build:
  {
    \tl_clear:N \l_TV_result_tl 
    \prg_stepwise_inline:nnnn {1} {1} { \l_TV_max_row_int }
      {
        \tl_clear:N \l_TV_row_tl
        \prg_stepwise_inline:nnnn {1} {1} { \l_TV_col_int }
          {
            \prop_pop:NnNF \l_TV_cells_prop { ##1 , ####1 } \l_TV_cell_tl
              { \tl_clear:N \l_TV_cell_tl }
            \tl_put_right:Nx \l_TV_row_tl { & \exp_not:V \l_TV_cell_tl }
          }
        \exp_args:NNf \tl_put_right:Nn \l_TV_result_tl
          { \exp_after:wN \use_none:n \l_TV_row_tl \\ }
      }
  }
\ExplSyntaxOff % [EDIT: added that line]
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\begin{vtab}{\begin{tabular}{cccc}}{\end{tabular}}
a\\b\\c\\d&
e\\f&
g\\h\\i&
j\\k\\l\\m\\n\\o
\end{vtab}
\end{document}

答案3

这是使用纯文本的版本\valign，改编自TH. 的精彩回答。

\valign{&\hbox spread1em{\strut#\hfil}\cr
column 1, row 1 & column 1, row 2 & column 1, row 3 & column 1, row 4 \cr
column 2, row 1 & column 2, row 2 & column 2, row 3 & column 2, row 4 \cr}
\bye

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