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将 rm 移至垃圾箱

tag-icon • tag-icon shell rm
将 rm 移至垃圾箱

是否有一个 Linux 脚本/应用程序可以将文件移动到特殊的“垃圾”位置，而不是删除文件？我希望用它来替代rm（甚至可能是后者的别名；这有优点和缺点）。

我所说的“垃圾”是指一个特殊的文件夹。单个mv "$@" ~/.trash是第一步，但理想情况下，这还应该处理垃圾同名的多个文件，而不覆盖旧的垃圾文件，并允许恢复使用简单的命令（一种“撤消”）将文件恢复到其原始位置。此外，如果垃圾在重新启动时自动清空（或类似的机制来防止无限增长），那就太好了。

对此存在部分解决方案，但“恢复”操作尤其重要。是否有任何现有的解决方案不依赖于图形外壳的垃圾系统？

（顺便说一句，人们一直在讨论这种方法是否合理，而不是使用频繁的备份和 VCS。虽然这些讨论都有道理，但我相信我的要求仍然有其市场空间。）

答案1

有一个垃圾箱规范（草案）在 freedesktop.org 上。这显然是桌面环境通常实现的。

命令行实现是垃圾-cli。没有仔细观察，它似乎提供了您想要的功能。如果不是，请告诉我们这在多大程度上只是部分解决方案。

就使用任何程序作为替代/别名而言rm，有充分的理由不这样做。对我来说最重要的是：

  • 该程序需要理解/处理所有的rm选项并采取相应的行动
  • 在其他人的系统上工作时，它存在习惯“新 rm”的语义并执行具有致命后果的命令的风险

答案2

前面的答案提到了命令trash-cli和rmtrash。默认情况下，这两个命令在 Ubuntu 18.04 上都找不到，但命令gio是。命令gio help trash输出：

Usage:
  gio trash [OPTION…] [LOCATION...]

Move files or directories to the trash.

Options:
  -f, --force     Ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
  --empty         Empty the trash

我测试使用gio trash FILENAME在命令行上，它的工作方式就像我在文件浏览器中选择文件并单击 DEL 按钮一样：文件被移动到桌面的“垃圾箱”文件夹中。 （即使我没有使用该-f选项，该命令也不会提示确认。）

以这种方式删除文件是可逆的，同时比为了安全而重新定义并且必须确认每个删除更方便rm，rm -i如果您不小心确认了不应该删除的文件，这仍然会让您运气不佳。

我添加alias tt='gio trash'到我的别名定义文件中；tt是“扔垃圾”的助记符。

2018年6月27日编辑添加：在服务器计算机上，没有相当于垃圾目录的东西。我编写了以下 Bash 脚本来完成这项工作；在台式计算机上，它使用gio trash，在其他计算机上，将作为参数给出的文件移动到它创建的垃圾目录。该脚本经过测试可以正常工作；我自己也一直用它。脚本于 2024 年 4 月 12 日更新。

#!/bin/bash

# move_to_trash
#
# Teemu Leisti 2024-04-12
#
# USAGE:
#
#   Move the file(s) given as argument(s) to the trash directory, if they are
#   not already there.
#
# RATIONALE:
#
#   The script is intended as a command-line equivalent of deleting a file or
#   directory from a graphical file manager. On hosts that implement the
#   FreeDesktop.org specification on trash directories (hereon called "the trash
#   specification"; see
#   https://specifications.freedesktop.org/trash-spec/trashspec-latest.html),
#   that action moves the target file(s) to a built-in trash directory, and that
#   is exactly what this script does.
#
#   On other hosts, this script uses a custom trash directory (~/.Trash/). The
#   analogy of moving a file to trash is not perfect, as the script does not
#   offer the functionalities of restoring a trashed file to its original
#   location or emptying the trash directory. Rather, it offers an alternative
#   to the 'rm' command, thereby giving the user the peace of mind that they can
#   still undo an unintended deletion before emptying the custom trash
#   directory.
#
# IMPLEMENTATION:
#
#   To determine whether it's running on a host that implements the trash
#   specification, the script tests for the existence of (a) the gio command and
#   (b) either directory $XDG_DATA_HOME/Trash/, or, if that environment variable
#   hasn't bee set, of directory ~/.local/share/Trash/. If the test yields true,
#   the script relies on calling 'gio trash'.
#
#   On other hosts:
#     - There is no built-in trash directory, so the script creates a custom
#       directory ~/.Trash/, unless it already exists. (The script aborts if
#       there is an existing non-directory ~/.Trash.)
#     - The script appends a millisecond-resolution timestamp to all the files
#       it moves to the custom trash directory, to both inform the user of the
#       time of the trashing, and to avoid overwrites.
#     - The user will have to perform an undo by commanding 'mv' on a file or
#       directory moved to ~/.Trash/.
#     - The user will have to empty the custom trash directory by commanding:
#           rm -rf ~/.Trash/* ~/.Trash/.*
#
#   The script will not choke on a nonexistent file. It outputs the final
#   disposition of each filename argument: does not exist, was already in trash,
#   or was moved to trash.
#
# COPYRIGHT WAIVER:
#
#   The author dedicates this Bash script to the public domain by waiving all of
#   their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all
#   related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy,
#   modify, distribute, and perform the script, even for commercial purposes,
#   all without asking for permission.

if [ -z "$XDG_DATA_HOME" ] ; then
    xdg_trash_directory=$(realpath ~/.local/share/Trash/)
else
    xdg_trash_directory=$(realpath $XDG_DATA_HOME/Trash/)
fi

gio_command_exists=0
if $(command -v gio > /dev/null 2>&1) ; then
    gio_command_exists=1
fi

host_implements_trash_specification=0
if [[ -d "${xdg_trash_directory}" ]] && (( gio_command_exists == 1 )) ; then
    # Executing on a host that implements the trash specification.
    host_implements_trash_specification=1
    trash_directory="${xdg_trash_directory}"
else
    # Executing on other host, so attempt to use a custom trash directory.
    trash_directory=$(realpath ~/.Trash)
    if [[ -e "${trash_directory}" ]] ; then
        # It exists.
        if [[ ! -d "${trash_directory}" ]] ; then
            # But is not a directory, so abort.
            echo "Error: ${trash_directory} exists, but is not a directory."
            exit 1
        fi
    else
        # It does not exists, so create it.
        mkdir "${trash_directory}"
        echo "Created directory ${trash_directory}"
    fi
fi

# Deal with all filenames (a concept that covers names of both files and
# directories) given as arguments.
for file in "$@" ; do
    file_to_be_trashed=$(realpath -- "${file}")
    file_basename=$(basename -- "${file_to_be_trashed}")
    if [[ ! -e ${file_to_be_trashed} ]] ; then
        echo "does not exist:   ${file_to_be_trashed}"
    elif [[ "${file_to_be_trashed}" == "${trash_directory}"* ]] ; then
        echo "already in trash: ${file_to_be_trashed}"
    else
        # ${file_to_be_trashed} exists and is not yet in the trash directory,
        # so move it there.
        if (( host_implements_trash_specification == 1 )) ; then
            gio trash "${file_to_be_trashed}"
        else
            # Move the file to the custom trash directory, with a new name that
            # appends a millisecond-resolution timestamp to the original.
            head="${trash_directory}/${file_basename}"_TRASHED_ON_
            move_file_to="${head}$(date '+%Y-%m-%d_AT_%H-%M-%S.%3N')"
            while [[ -e "${move_file_to}" ]] ; do
                # Generate a new name with a new timestamp, as the previously
                # generated one denoted an existing file or directory. It's very
                # unlikely that this loop needs to be executed even once.
                move_file_to="${head}$(date '+%Y-%m-%d_AT_%H-%M-%S.%3N')"
            done
            # There is no file or directory named ${move_file_to}, so
            # we can use it as the move target.
            /bin/mv "${file_to_be_trashed}" "${move_file_to}"
        fi
        echo "moved to trash:   ${file_to_be_trashed}"
    fi
done

答案3

垃圾-cli是一个 Linux 应用程序，可以在 Ubuntu 中使用 apt-get 或在 Fedora 中使用 yum 安装。使用该命令trash listOfFiles会将指定的内容移至垃圾箱中。

答案4

首先定义一个move_to_trash函数：

move_to_trash () {
    mv "$@" ~/.trash
}

然后别名rm为：

alias rm='move_to_trash'

您始终可以rm通过使用反斜杠转义来调用 old，如下所示：\rm。

我不知道如何在重新启动时清空垃圾目录（根据您的系统，您可能需要查看脚本rc*），但创建一个cron定期清空目录的任务也可能是值得的。

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