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设计多列环境来安排练习

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设计多列环境来安排练习

我想要写如下代码：

...
    \item
    \textbf{Differentiation}.

    Differentiate with respect to $x$:
    \begin{exercises}{3}
        \item$x^{2} - 3x$.
        \item$x^{5} - \dfrac{x^3}{3}$.
        \item$x + \dfrac{1}{x}$.
        ...
    \end{exercises}

    \item
    Differentiate with respect to $x$:
        \begin{exercises}{2}
        \item$y = x\cos\frac{1}{2}x$.
        \item$y = \sin\left(\dfrac{\pi x}{180}\right)$.
        \item$y = \frac{x^2}{1+x}$.
        ...
        \end{exercises}
    ...
...

样品图片

但如果我使用shortlst包作为建议一个用来安排练习的环境，与常见的枚举列表非常相似\item Differentiate with respect to $x$，上图第二行以后的内容会排版成三列。

----编辑---- 使用环境的建议minipage受到预先定义的小页面宽度的限制，也就是说，它不适合不同的页面宽度。改变

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{shortlst}
\usepackage[width=10cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1]
\newenvironment{exercises}[1]
    {#1:\\ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.9\textwidth}\begin{shortenumerate}}
    {\end{shortenumerate}\end{minipage}}
\begin{enumerate}
\item
\begin{exercises}{\textbf{Differentiation}\\ Differentiate with respect to $x$}
     \item $x^3-3x$
     \item $x^5-\frac{x^3}{3}$
     \item $x+\frac{1}{x}$
     \item $(x+1)^2(x-1)^2$
     \item $x\sin x$
\end{exercises}
\item
\begin{exercises}{Differentiate with respect to $x$}
     \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$
     \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$
     \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
\end{exercises}
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}

到

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{shortlst}
\usepackage[width=9cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1]
\newenvironment{exercises}[1]
    {#1:\\ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.9\textwidth}\begin{shortenumerate}}
    {\end{shortenumerate}\end{minipage}}
\begin{enumerate}
\item
\begin{exercises}{\textbf{Differentiation}\\ Differentiate with respect to $x$}
     \item $x^3-3x$
     \item $x^5-\frac{x^3}{3}$
     \item $x+\frac{1}{x}$
     \item $(x+1)^2(x-1)^2$
     \item $x\sin x$
\end{exercises}
\item
\begin{exercises}{Differentiate with respect to $x$}
     \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$
     \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$
     \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
\end{exercises}
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}

将会得到

样本2

Schweinebacke 给出的代码也是如此，除非我单独更改宽度

\documentclass{article} 
\usepackage{shortlst}% http://ctan.org/pkg/shortlst 
\usepackage{scrextend} 
\usepackage{lipsum} 
\usepackage[width=10cm]{geometry} %added
\begin{document} 

\lipsum[1] 
\begin{enumerate} 
\item {Differentiate with respect to $x$: 
  \begin{addmargin}[0pt]{0.1\linewidth} 
    \begin{shortenumerate} 
      \item $x^3-3x$  
      \item $x^5-\frac{x^3}{3}$ 
      \item $x+\frac{1}{x}$ 
      \item $(x+1)^2(x-1)^2$ 
      \item $x\sin x$ 
    \end{shortenumerate} 
  \end{addmargin} 
} 
\item {Differentiate with respect to $x$: 
  \begin{addmargin}[0pt]{.4\linewidth} 
    \begin{shortenumerate} 
      \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
      \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
      \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
      \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
      \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
      \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
      \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
      \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
      \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
      \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
      \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
      \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
    \end{shortenumerate} 
  \end{addmargin} 
} 
\end{enumerate} 
\end{document}

样品3

答案1

的结果你之前的问题，可能在一个小页面中，普通的枚举环境应该会得到您想要的结果。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{shortlst}% http://ctan.org/pkg/shortlst
\begin{document}

\newenvironment{exercises}[1]
    {#1:\\ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.9\textwidth}\begin{shortenumerate}}
    {\end{shortenumerate}\end{minipage}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item 
\begin{exercises}{\textbf{Differentiation}\\ Differentiate with respect to $x$}
     \item $x^3-3x$ 
     \item $x^5-\frac{x^3}{3}$
     \item $x+\frac{1}{x}$
     \item $(x+1)^2(x-1)^2$
     \item $x\sin x$
\end{exercises}
\item 
\begin{exercises}{Differentiate with respect to $x$}
     \item $x^3-3x$ 
     \item $x^5-\frac{x^3}{3}$
     \item $x+\frac{1}{x}$
     \item $(x+1)^2(x-1)^2$
     \item $x\sin x$
\end{exercises}
\end{enumerate}

\end{document}

看起来像

在此处输入图片描述

如果您想要一个像表一样的环境来处理特定数量的方程式列，那么您可以定义一个新的计数器来执行此操作。

\newcounter{innerlist} 
\renewcommand{\theinnerlist}{\arabic{innerlist}} 
\newcommand{\inneritem}[1]{\refstepcounter{innerlist}\theinnerlist.\ #1}

\newenvironment{exercises}[2]
    {\setcounter{innerlist}{0}\begin{minipage}[t]{0.9\textwidth}#1:\\ \begin{tabular}{#2}}
    {\end{tabular}\end{minipage}}


\begin{enumerate}
    \item 
    \begin{exercises}{\textbf{Differentiation}\\ Differentiate with respect to $x$}{ll}
        \inneritem{$x^3-3x$} & \inneritem{$x^5-\frac{x^3}{3}$}\\
        \inneritem{$x+\frac{1}{x}$} & \inneritem{$(x+1)^2(x-1)^2$}\\
        \inneritem{$x\sin x$} & \inneritem{$x\sin x$}
    \end{exercises}
    \item
    \begin{exercises}{\textbf{Differentiation}\\ Differentiate with respect to $x$}{lll}
        \inneritem{$x^3-3x$} & \inneritem{$x^5-\frac{x^3}{3}$} & \inneritem{$x+\frac{1}{x}$}\\
        \inneritem{$(x+1)^2(x-1)^2$} & \inneritem{$x\sin x$} & \inneritem{$x\sin x$}
    \end{exercises}
\end{enumerate}

在此处输入图片描述

此版本不应该存在跨页面扩展的重大问题。每个小页面都不应该跨页面扩展，但外部枚举列表中的项目可以正常扩展。

使用 longtables 包的修改允许它跨页面运行：

\newenvironment{exercises}[2]
    {\setcounter{innerlist}{0}#1:\\ \begin{longtable}[t]{#2}}
    {\end{longtable}}

答案2

multicols您可以将与newlist使用包的组合使用enumitem，如下所示。

它也允许分页。

截屏

\documentclass{article} 
\usepackage{lipsum} 
\usepackage{multicol}             % multicols
\usepackage{enumitem}             % customized lists
\usepackage[width=10cm]{geometry} % page dimensions

% setup a new list (terminology from enumitem)
\newlist{mylist}{enumerate}{5}
\setlist[mylist]{label=(\alph*)}

\newenvironment{exercises}[1]{\begin{multicols}{#1}\begin{mylist}}{\end{mylist}\end{multicols}}

\begin{document} 

\vspace*{4cm}   % purely to demonstrate the pagebreak
\lipsum[1-2] 

\begin{enumerate} 
 \item {Differentiate with respect to $x$:}
  \begin{exercises}{2}
      \item $x^3-3x$  
      \item $x^5-\frac{x^3}{3}$ 
      \item $x+\frac{1}{x}$ 
      \item $(x+1)^2(x-1)^2$ 
      \item $x\sin x$ 
  \end{exercises} 
 \item Differentiate with respect to $x$:
 \begin{exercises}{2}
      \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
      \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
      \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
      \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
      \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
      \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
      \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
      \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
      \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
      \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
      \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
      \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
  \end{exercises} 
\end{enumerate} 
\end{document}

答案3

我建议将马克的答案与包结合起来屏幕扩展。这将支持练习中的分页符：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{shortlst}% http://ctan.org/pkg/shortlst
\usepackage{scrextend}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}

\lipsum[1-4]
\begin{enumerate}
\item {Differentiate with respect to $x$:
  \begin{addmargin}[0pt]{2em}
    \begin{shortenumerate}
      \item $x^3-3x$ 
      \item $x^5-\frac{x^3}{3}$
      \item $x+\frac{1}{x}$
      \item $(x+1)^2(x-1)^2$
      \item $x\sin x$
    \end{shortenumerate}
  \end{addmargin}
}
\item {Differentiate with respect to $x$:
  \begin{addmargin}[0pt]{2em}
    \begin{shortenumerate}
      \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$
      \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$
      \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$
      \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$
      \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$
      \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$
      \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$
      \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$
      \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$
      \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$
      \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$
      \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$
    \end{shortenumerate}
  \end{addmargin}
}
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}

注意：如果您已经使用KOMA-Script 类您不需要加载该包scrextend。

您可以为此定义一个环境：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{shortlst}% http://ctan.org/pkg/shortlst  
\usepackage{scrextend}
\usepackage{lipsum}% 
\usepackage[width=10cm]{geometry} %added

\newenvironment{exercise}[1][\strut]{%
  \item #1\begin{addmargin}[0pt]{2em}\begin{shortenumerate} 
}{%
  \end{shortenumerate}\end{addmargin} 
}
\begin{document} 

\lipsum[1] 
\begin{enumerate}
  \begin{exercise}[{Differentiate with respect to $x$:}]
  \item $x^3-3x$  
  \item $x^5-\frac{x^3}{3}$ 
  \item $x+\frac{1}{x}$ 
  \item $(x+1)^2(x-1)^2$ 
  \item $x\sin x$ 
  \end{exercise}
  \begin{exercise}[{Differentiate with respect to $x$:}]
  \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
  \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
  \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
  \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
  \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
  \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
  \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
  \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
  \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
  \item $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
  \item $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
  \item $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
  \end{exercise} 
\end{enumerate} 
\end{document}

两个示例的结果

答案4

这是使用{tasks}提供的环境的另一种解决方案exsheets包。但它至少有一个缺点：它不能安全地与其他{tasks}环境嵌套。（虽然语法相似，但它不是 LaTeX 意义上的真正列表。）

环境有一个可选参数，用于指定列数：

\begin{tasks}{<num of cols>}
 \task first item
 \task second item
 ...
\end{tasks}

以下是完整示例：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[load-headings]{exsheets}

\SetupExSheets{
  % first the number then the title:
  headings=block-rev,
  % number tasks (a), (b), ...
  tasks/label=(tsk[a]),
  % make sure the task item labels have enough space:
  tasks/label-width=2em
}
\usepackage{lipsum}% dummy text

\begin{document} 

\lipsum[1]\bigskip

\begin{question}[name=Differentiation]
 Differentiate with respect to $x$: 
 \begin{tasks}{3}% three columns
   \task $x^3-3x$  
   \task $x^5-\frac{x^3}{3}$ 
   \task $x+\frac{1}{x}$ 
   \task $(x+1)^2(x-1)^2$ 
   \task $x\sin x$
 \end{tasks}
\end{question}

\begin{question}[name=More Differentiation]
 Differentiate with respect to $x$: 
 \begin{tasks}{2}% two columns
   \task $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
   \task $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
   \task $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
   \task $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
   \task $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
   \task $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
   \task $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
   \task $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
   \task $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
   \task $y=x\cos \frac{1}{2}x$ 
   \task $y=\sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{180}\right)$ 
   \task $y=\frac{x^2}{1+x}$ 
 \end{tasks}
\end{question}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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