我试图将符号放在矩阵的上方和列上，以及行的左侧。以下工作示例基本上就是我想要的，只是符号在括号内。我想把它们放在外面。
有什么方法可以实现这个吗？
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,shapes,positioning}
\begin{document}
$A=$%
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(A.center)]
\matrix (A) [matrix of math nodes, ampersand replacement=\&,
left delimiter=(,right delimiter=)]
{ {} \& {} \& {} \& {} \& {} \\
{} \& 1 \& 2 \& 17 \& 3 \\
{} \& 4 \& 1 \& 24 \& 1 \\
{} \& 0 \& 0 \& 2 \& -0.9 \\
{} \& 0 \& 7 \& -0.95 \& 2 \\
};
\draw [black] (A-1-2.west) to (A-1-2.east);
\draw [black,dashed] (A-1-3.west) to (A-1-3.east);
\draw [black] (A-1-4.west)-- plot[mark=square*, mark options={fill=black}] (A-1-4.center) -- (A-1-4.east);
\draw [black] (A-1-5.west)-- plot[mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=black}] (A-1-5.center) -- (A-1-5.east);
\draw [black] (A-2-1.west) to (A-2-1.east);
\draw [black,dashed] (A-3-1.west) to (A-3-1.east);
\draw [black] (A-4-1.west)-- plot[mark=square*, mark options={fill=black}] (A-4-1.center) -- (A-4-1.east);
\draw [black] (A-5-1.west)-- plot[mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=black}] (A-5-1.center) -- (A-5-1.east);
\end{tikzpicture}%
\end{document}
答案1
我更新了关于 tikz 和矩阵的一个示例。您只需使用一些节点：这里和，A-1-1.west并且A-5-1.west您有几种放置符号的可能性。我过去常常xshift对行这样做，但对于列也一样yshift
\node [xshift=-1.5 cm] at (A-1-1.west) {$\longrightarrow$ first row};
\node [xshift=-1.5 cm] at (A-5-1.west) {$\longrightarrow$ last row};
\documentclass[]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[upright]{fourier}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,arrows,decorations.pathmorphing}
\usepackage{fullpage}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex]
% unit
\newcommand{\myunit}{1.2 cm}
% the styles
\tikzset{node style sp/.style={draw,circle,minimum size=\myunit}}
\tikzset{node style ge/.style={circle,minimum size=\myunit}}
\tikzset{arrow style mul/.style={draw,sloped,midway,fill=white}}
\tikzset{arrow style plus/.style={midway,sloped,fill=white}}
% defintion of matrices
\matrix (A) [matrix of math nodes,%
nodes = {node style ge},%
left delimiter = (,%
right delimiter = )] at (0,0)
{%
a_{11} &\ldots & a_{1k} & \ldots & a_{1p} \\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots \\
\node[node style sp] {a_{i1}};& \ldots%
& \node[node style sp] {a_{ik}};%
& \ldots%
& \node[node style sp] {a_{ip}}; \\
\vdots & \vdots& \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
a_{n1}& \ldots & a_{nk} & \ldots & a_{np} \\
};
\node [draw,below] at (A.south) { $A$ : \textcolor{red}{$n$ rows} $p$ columns};
\matrix (B) [matrix of math nodes,%
nodes = {node style ge},%
left delimiter = (,%
right delimiter =)] at (7*\myunit,7*\myunit)
{%
b_{11} & \ldots& \node[node style sp] {b_{1j}};%
& \ldots & b_{1q} \\
\vdots& \ddots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots \\
b_{k1} & \ldots& \node[node style sp] {b_{kj}};%
& \ldots & b_{kq} \\
\vdots& \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
b_{p1} & \ldots& \node[node style sp] {b_{pj}};%
& \ldots & b_{pq} \\
};
\node [draw,above] at (B.north) { $B$ : $p$ rows \textcolor{red}{$q$ columns}};
% matrice résultat
\matrix (C) [matrix of math nodes,%
nodes = {node style ge},%
left delimiter = (,%
right delimiter = )] at (7*\myunit,0)
{%
c_{11} & \ldots& c_{1j} & \ldots & c_{1q} \\
\vdots& \ddots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots \\
c_{i1}& \ldots & \node[node style sp,red] {c_{ij}};%
& \ldots & c_{iq} \\
\vdots& \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
c_{n1}& \ldots & c_{nk} & \ldots & c_{nq} \\
};
\node [draw,below] at (C.south) {$ C=A\times B$ : \textcolor{red}{$n$ rows} \textcolor{red}{$q$ columns}};
% arrows
\draw[blue] (A-3-1.north) -- (C-3-3.north);
\draw[blue] (A-3-1.south) -- (C-3-3.south);
\draw[blue] (B-1-3.west) -- (C-3-3.west);
\draw[blue] (B-1-3.east) -- (C-3-3.east);
\draw[<->,red](A-3-1) to[in=180,out=90]
node[arrow style mul] (x) {$a_{i1}\times b_{1j}$} (B-1-3) ;
\draw[<->,red](A-3-3) to[in=180,out=90]%
node[arrow style mul] (y) {$a_{ik}\times b_{kj}$} (B-3-3);
\draw[<->,red](A-3-5) to[in=180,out=90]%
node[arrow style mul] (z) {$a_{ip}\times b_{pj}$} (B-5-3);
\draw[red,->] (x) to node[arrow style plus] {$+\raisebox{.5ex}{\ldots}+$} (y)%
to node[arrow style plus] {$+\raisebox{.5ex}{\ldots}+$} (z);
%
% to (C-3-3.north west);
\draw[->,red,decorate,decoration=zigzag] (z) -- (C-3-3.north west);
\node [xshift=-1.5 cm] at (A-1-1.west) {$\longrightarrow$ first row};
\node [xshift=-1.5 cm] at (A-5-1.west) {$\longrightarrow$ last row};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
您可以使用矩阵节点的锚点和一些数学知识来获取括号外的正确点。例如，您可以使用以下内容：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,shapes,positioning,calc}
\def\hoffset{1}
\def\voffset{.5}
\begin{document}
$A=$%
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(A.center)]
\matrix (A) [matrix of math nodes, ampersand replacement=\&,
left delimiter=(,right delimiter=)]
{ 1 \& 2 \& 17 \& 3 \\
4 \& 1 \& 24 \& 1 \\
0 \& 0 \& 2 \& -0.9 \\
0 \& 7 \& -0.95 \& 2 \\
};
\draw [black] ($(A-1-1.west)+(-\hoffset,0)$) to ($(A-1-1.east)+(-\hoffset,0)$);
\draw [black,dashed] ($(A-2-1.west)+(-\hoffset,0)$) to ($(A-2-1.east)+(-\hoffset,0)$);
\coordinate (A31) at ($(A-3-1.center)+(-\hoffset,0)$);
\coordinate (A41) at ($(A-4-1.center)+(-\hoffset,0)$);
\draw [black] ($(A-3-1.west)+(-\hoffset,0)$)-- plot[mark=square*, mark options={fill=black}] (A31) -- ($(A-3-1.east)+(-\hoffset,0)$);
\draw [black] ($(A-4-1.west)+(-\hoffset,0)$)-- plot[mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=black}] (A41) -- ($(A-4-1.east)+(-\hoffset,0)$);
\draw [black] ($(A-1-1.west)+(0,\voffset)$) to ($(A-1-1.east)+(0,\voffset)$);
\draw [black,dashed] ($(A-1-2.west)+(.1,\voffset)$) to ($(A-1-2.east)+(0,\voffset)$);
\coordinate (A13) at ($(A-1-3.center)+(0,\voffset)$);
\coordinate (A14) at ($(A-1-4.center)+(0,\voffset)$);
\draw [black] ($(A-1-3.west)+(0,\voffset)$)-- plot[mark=square*, mark options={fill=black}] (A13) -- ($(A-1-3.east)+(0,\voffset)$);
\draw [black] ($(A-1-4.west)+(0,\voffset)$)-- plot[mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=black}] (A14) -- ($(A-1-4.east)+(0,\voffset)$);
\end{tikzpicture}%
\end{document}
当然，您可以先定义矩阵外位置的坐标，然后直接使用它。如果您更经常需要这种东西，那么这样做可能会更简洁一些。修改此代码以满足您的需求应该非常简单。
答案3
我想学习如何使用包blkarray，这里是结果。您的示例只需要TiKZ（已由 加载pgfplots）即可绘制标记符号，因为矩阵是用环境定义的blockarray。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{blkarray}
\begin{document}
\[A=
\begin{blockarray}{ccccc}
&\tikz{\draw (0,0)--++(0.5,0);}&\tikz{\draw[dashed] (0,0)--++(0.5,0);}&\tikz{\draw (0,0)--++(0.5,0) plot[mark=square*,mark options={fill=black}] (0.25,0);}&\tikz{\draw (0,0)--++(0.5,0) plot[mark=triangle*,mark options={fill=black}] (0.25,0);}\\
\begin{block}{c(cccc)}
\tikz{\draw (0,0)--++(0.5,0);}&1&2&17&3\\
\tikz{\draw[dashed] (0,0)--++(0.5,0);}&4&1&24&1\\
\tikz{\draw (0,0)--++(0.5,0) plot[mark=square*,mark options={fill=black}] (0.25,0);}&0&0&2&-0.9\\
\tikz{\draw (0,0)--++(0.5,0) plot[mark=triangle*,mark options={fill=black}] (0.25,0);}&0&7&-0.95&2\\
\end{block}
\end{blockarray}
\]
\end{document}
