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在 Tikz 中调整背景

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在 Tikz 中调整背景

我需要灰色背景还包括标签 T1 和 T2

\documentclass{article} 
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,decorations.pathmorphing,backgrounds,positioning,fit,petri}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [rectangle,draw] (set a) [label=right:$T_1$]                 {\textit{SET A}};
\node [rectangle,draw] (set b) [below=of set a, label=right:$T_2$] {\textit{SET B}};

\draw [->] (set a) to node [auto] {\textit{q}} (set b);

\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [fill=black!30,fit=(set a) (set b)] {};
\end{pgfonlayer}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案1

杰克的回答是正确的，但如果您想要浅灰色的包装器和不同的背景，就会遇到问题。

然后如果你在图片中添加一些东西；你需要使用嵌套的 tikzpictures（我不怕这个）。有时你需要谨慎使用嵌套图片。

\begin{tikzpicture}
  \node at (5,0){extra};
\node {\begin{tikzpicture}[
      show background rectangle, 
      background rectangle/.style={fill=lightgray},
      box/.style={draw, font=\itshape}
  ]
  \node [box] (set a) [label=right:$T_1$]                 {SET A};
  \node [box] (set b) [below=of set a, label=right:$T_2$] {SET B};

  \draw [-latex] (set a) to node [auto] {\textit{q}} (set b);
\end{tikzpicture}}; 
\end{tikzpicture}

Gonzalo 的回答也很好，但是如果你添加一个额外的节点，你需要按顺序对图片进行编程，在这种情况下，我认为最好使用范围，local bounding box如下所示：

\documentclass{article} 
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,backgrounds,positioning,fit}
\begin{document} 

\begin{tikzpicture}[typea/.style={draw,rectangle,font=\itshape}]
  \node at (5,0){extra}; 
  \begin{scope}[local bounding box=bb]
     \node [typea] (set a) [label=right:$T_1$] {SET A};
     \node [typea] (set b) [below=of set a, label=right:$T_2$] {SET B};
     \draw [->] (set a) to node [auto,font=\itshape] {q} (set b); 
  \end{scope}

   \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
     \node [fill=black!30,fit=(bb)] {};
  % Jake's remark is fine, (bb) avoids (bb.north west) (bb.south east)
   \end{pgfonlayer}
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}  

在使用此选项之前label（针对 TikZ 的老用户），我们使用简单节点，在这种情况下，您可以避免使用虚拟节点

\begin{tikzpicture}[
      box/.style={draw, font=\itshape}
  ]
  \node [box] (set a)  {SET A};
  \node [box] (set b) [below=of set a] {SET B};
  \node[anchor=west,right=6pt] (T1) at (set a.east){$T_1$};
  \node[anchor=west,right=6pt] (T2) at (set b.east){$T_2$};  
  \draw [-latex] (set a) to node [auto] {\textit{q}} (set b); 

\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
   \node [fill=black!30,fit=(set a) (T2)] {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}

最后，您可以使用label没有虚拟节点的选项name，我使用 pgf 2.1 CVS，也许这个选项是新的（我不知道）

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,backgrounds,positioning,fit}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [rectangle,draw] (set a) [label={[name=T1]right:$T_1$}]                 {\textit{SET A}};
\node [rectangle,draw] (set b) [below=of set a, label={[name=T2]right:$T_2$}] {\textit{SET B}};

\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
   \node [fill=black!30,fit=(set a) (T2)] {};
\end{pgfonlayer}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

您只需提供show background rectangle, background rectangle/.style={fill=lightgray}以下选项即可tikzpicture：

\documentclass{article} 
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,backgrounds,positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    show background rectangle, 
    background rectangle/.style={fill=lightgray},
    box/.style={draw, font=\itshape}
]
\node [box] (set a) [label=right:$T_1$]                 {SET A};
\node [box] (set b) [below=of set a, label=right:$T_2$] {SET B};

\draw [-latex] (set a) to node [auto] {\textit{q}} (set b);


\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

您可以使用选项关闭背景矩形的填充tight background。

答案3

您可以使用current bounding box：

\documentclass{article} 
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,decorations.pathmorphing,backgrounds,positioning,fit,petri}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[typea/.style={draw,rectangle,font=\itshape}]
\node [typea] (set a) [label=right:$T_1$] {SET A};
\node [typea] (set b) [below=of set a, label=right:$T_2$] {SET B};

\draw [->] (set a) to node [auto,font=\itshape] {q} (set b);

\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [fill=black!30,fit=(current bounding box.north west) (current bounding box.south east)] {};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案4

肯定有比这更好的方法。这种方法相当丑陋，而且过于手动，但它确实有效。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,decorations.pathmorphing,backgrounds,positioning,fit,petri}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [rectangle,draw] (set a) [label=right:$T_1$]                 {\textit{SET A}};
\node [rectangle,draw] (set b) [below=of set a, label=right:$T_2$] {\textit{SET B}};
%\node  (set c) [right=of set a,xshift=-0.85cm] {}; % A dummy node not necessary
\node (set d) [right=of set b,xshift=-0.85cm] {}; % Another dummy node

\draw [->] (set a) to node [auto] {\textit{q}} (set b);

\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [fill=black!30,fit=(set a)(set d)] {}; % enough to add two diagonal nodes
\end{pgfonlayer}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

如果你有多个这样的集合A，一个在另一个下面，那么在最后一个节点的右边定义一个虚拟节点就足够了，就像

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,decorations.pathmorphing,backgrounds,positioning,fit,petri}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [rectangle,draw] (set a) [label=right:$T_1$]                 {\textit{SET A}};
\node [rectangle,draw] (set b) [below=of set a, label=right:$T_2$] {\textit{SET B}};
\node [rectangle,draw] (set c) [below=of set b,label=right:$T_3$]                 {\textit{SET C}};
\node [rectangle,draw] (set d) [below=of set c, label=right:$T_4$] {\textit{SET D}};
%\node  (set e) [right=of set a,xshift=-0.85cm] {}; % A dummy node not really needed
\node (set f) [right=of set d,xshift=-0.85cm,yshift=-0.15cm] {}; % Another dummy node, add yshift also as needed.

\draw [->] (set a) to node [auto] {\textit{q}} (set b);

\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [fill=black!30,fit=(set a) (set f)] {}; 
\end{pgfonlayer}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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