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如何循环多边形线条的颜色

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf foreach
如何循环多边形线条的颜色

我想通过多边形移动线条规范。我当前的代码如下所示（一点也不 DRY）：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}

\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}

\newcommand{\door} {
\begin{scope}[yshift=-0.1cm,xshift=2cm]
\draw[red] (0,0) arc (180:270:1cm);
\draw[black] (1,-1) -- (1,-0) node[right,  near start]{};
\draw[black,dotted] (0,-0) -- (1,-0)node(doorstepcenter)[pos=0.5]{} ;
\end{scope}
}

 \newcommand{\room} {
 \coordinate (a) at  (0,0) ;
 \coordinate (b) at (5,0);
 \coordinate (c) at (5,5);
 \coordinate (d) at     (0,4);
 \coordinate (e) at     (1,3)   ;
}

\tikzstyle{seed}=[-latex,red];

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance =4.5cm,thick]
 \tikzstyle{door} = [red,thick];

\room;
\draw (a) -- (b);
\draw[seed] (b)--(c);
\draw  (c)--(d);
\draw (d)--(e) node[draw,anchor=north west]{} ;
\draw (d) --(a);
\door;


\begin{scope}[xshift=6cm]
    \room;  
    \draw (a) -- (b);
    \draw[dashed] (b)--(c);
    \draw[seed]  (c)--(d);
    \draw (d)--(e) node[draw,anchor=north west]{} ;
    \draw (d) --(a);
    \door;
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[xshift=12cm]
    \room;  
    \draw (a) -- (b);
    \draw[dashed] (b)--(c);
    \draw[dashed]  (c)--(d);
    \draw[seed] (d)--(e) node[draw=black,anchor=north west]{} ;
    \draw (d) --(a);
    \door;
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

还有更多多边形需要处理，所以这会变得非常丑陋。我怎样才能将这个例子压缩成更整洁的东西？

编辑：

因此，在过去几天学习了很多 tikz 之后，我瞄准了该版本（感谢这里许多不同的答案）

\begin{document}

\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}

\newcommand{\door}[1] {
\begin{scope}[shift={#1}]
\draw[red] (-0.5,0) arc (180:270:1cm);
\draw[black] (0.5,-1) -- (0.5,-0) node[right,  near start]{};
\draw[black,dotted] (-0.5,0) -- (0.5,-0)node(doorstepcenter)[pos=0.5]{} ;
\end{scope}
};

\tikzstyle{seed}=[-latex,red, thick];

 \newcommand{\room} { %[2]
 \coordinate (a1) at  (4.5,0.5);
 \coordinate (a2) at  (4.5,4.5);
 \coordinate (a3) at  (0,4);
 \coordinate (a4) at  (1,3);
 \coordinate (a5) at  (1.4,3)  ;
 \coordinate (a6) at  (1.4,2.6)  ;
 \coordinate (a7) at  (1,2.6)  ;
 \coordinate (a8) at  (1,3);
 \coordinate (a9) at  (0,4);
 \coordinate (a10) at  (0,0.5) ;
 \coordinate (a11) at  (4.5,0.5); 
}

\newcommand{\makerow}[3]{
 \pgfmathsetmacro{\rows}{#1}
 \pgfmathsetmacro{\rowe}{#2}
 \pgfmathsetmacro{\ys}{#3}
 \pgfmathsetmacro{\n}{10}
\foreach \i in {\rows,...,\rowe}{
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\li}{\i+1}
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\si}{6*(\i-\rows)}
    \begin{scope}[xshift=\si cm, ,yshift=\ys cm]
        \room;      
        \door{ ($ (a10)!0.5! (a1) -(0,0.1)  $) };
        \foreach \k in {1,...,\n}{
            \pgfmathsetmacro{\hk}{\k+1}   
            \draw[solid] plot coordinates{(a\k) (a\hk)};
        }
        \foreach \k in {1,...,\i}{
            \pgfmathsetmacro{\hk}{\k+1}   
            \draw[dashed,white,thick] plot coordinates{(a\k) (a\hk)};
        }
        \draw[seed] plot coordinates{(a\i) (a\li)}; 
    \end{scope}
}
}


\begin{tikzpicture}%[node distance =4.5cm,thick]
\makerow{1}{5}{0};
\makerow{6}{10}{-6};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

虽然这非常接近我想要实现的图形，但仍然存在一些缺陷。我必须在黑色上绘制白色才能获得虚线，因为我尝试的任何使用嵌套 foreach 的方法（具有变量开始和结束）都失败了。我想我必须多读一些关于 foreach 的内容，但至少这个解决方案的代码比以前少了很多。如果您有进一步的建议，我将非常乐意了解更多信息。

答案1

一种方法是使用\foreach循环，但不确定它是否能提供您所需的完全灵活性

\foreach \xShift/\BCStyle/\CDStyle/\DEStyle in {%
             0cm/seed/none/none,
             6cm/dashed/seed/none,
            12cm/dashed/dashed/seed}{%
    \begin{scope}[xshift=\xShift]
        \room;  
        \draw (a) -- (b);
        \draw [\BCStyle] (b)--(c);
        \draw [\CDStyle] (c)--(d);
        \draw [\DEStyle] (d)--(e) 
                node[draw=black,anchor=north west]{} ;
        \draw (d) --(a);
        \door;
    \end{scope}
}%
\end{scope}

根据评论中的要求，我在循环中添加了另一个参数，\foreach以便在每张图片中放置文本：

\foreach \xShift/\BCStyle/\CDStyle/\DEStyle/\Text in {%
             0cm/seed/none/none/{Part One},
             6cm/dashed/seed/none/{Part Two},
            12cm/dashed/dashed/seed/{Part Three}}{%

我不确定您想要将文本放在哪里，因此我定义了另一个文本coordinate并将其放置在以下值：

\coordinate (TextLocation) at (2,2);
\node at (TextLocation) {\Text};

当然，您可以将其放置在相对于现有节点的位置。

下面的前三幅图像是您的代码生成的图像，后三幅图像是由循环生成的图像foreach：

在此处输入图片描述

笔记：

进一步增强：

  • 鉴于您更新的版本，我建议您按照线条变为红色的顺序为每行赋予一个数字。然后循环并增加计数器，iterationCount并使用以下几行算法来确定要应用于每行的样式：

    if \lineNumber<iterationCount使用solid一行

    else if \lineNumber=iterationCount使用red, solid一行

    否则使用一条dashed线

代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[paperwidth=10.0in]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}

\begin{document}

\newcommand{\door} {
    \begin{scope}[yshift=-0.1cm,xshift=2cm]
        \draw[red] (0,0) arc (180:270:1cm);
        \draw[black] (1,-1) -- (1,-0) node[right,  near start]{};
        \draw[black,dotted] (0,-0) -- (1,-0)node(doorstepcenter)[pos=0.5]{} ;
    \end{scope}
}

\newcommand{\room} {
 \coordinate (a) at (0,0);
 \coordinate (b) at (5,0);
 \coordinate (c) at (5,5);
 \coordinate (d) at (0,4);
 \coordinate (e) at (1,3);
 \coordinate (TextLocation) at (2,2);
}

\tikzset{seed/.style={-latex,red}}
\tikzset{none/.style={}}

\noindent
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance =4.5cm,thick]
 \tikzstyle{door} = [red,thick];

\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm]
    \room;
    \draw (a) -- (b);
    \draw[seed] (b)--(c);
    \draw (c)--(d);
    \draw (d)--(e) node[draw,anchor=north west]{} ;
    \draw (d) --(a);
    \door;
\end{scope}


\begin{scope}[xshift=6cm]
    \room;  
    \draw (a) -- (b);
    \draw[dashed] (b)--(c);
    \draw[seed]  (c)--(d);
    \draw (d)--(e) node[draw,anchor=north west]{} ;
    \draw (d) --(a);
    \door;
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[xshift=12cm]
    \room;  
    \draw (a) -- (b);
    \draw[dashed] (b)--(c);
    \draw[dashed]  (c)--(d);
    \draw[seed] (d)--(e) node[draw=black,anchor=north west]{} ;
    \draw (d) --(a);
    \door;
\end{scope}

% --------------------------------------------------
% Draws all three of the above shifted below by 6cm:
%
\begin{scope}[yshift=-6cm]
\foreach \xShift/\BCStyle/\CDStyle/\DEStyle/\Text in {%
             0cm/seed/none/none/{Part One},
             6cm/dashed/seed/none/{Part Two},
            12cm/dashed/dashed/seed/{Part Three}}{%
    \begin{scope}[xshift=\xShift]
        \room;  
        \draw (a) -- (b);
        \draw [\BCStyle] (b)--(c);
        \draw [\CDStyle] (c)--(d);
        \draw [\DEStyle] (d)--(e) 
                node[draw=black,,anchor=north west]{} ;
        \node at (TextLocation) {\Text};
        \draw (d) --(a);
        \door;
    \end{scope}
}%
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案2

我认为使用样式更灵活，但时间更长。它更灵活，因为你可以轻松添加其他样式

\documentclass[landscape]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}

\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}

\newcommand{\door} {
\begin{scope}[yshift=-0.1cm,xshift=2cm]
\draw[red] (0,0) arc (180:270:1cm);
\draw[black] (1,-1) -- (1,-0) node[right,  near start]{};
\draw[black,dotted] (0,-0) -- (1,-0)node(doorstepcenter)[pos=0.5]{} ;
\end{scope}
}

 \newcommand{\room} {
 \coordinate (a) at (0,0) ;
 \coordinate (b) at (5,0);
 \coordinate (c) at (5,5);
 \coordinate (d) at (0,4);
 \coordinate (e) at (1,3)   ;
}

\newcommand\myfig{
\room;
\draw       (a) -- (b);
\draw[st1]  (b)--(c);
\draw[st2]  (c)--(d);
\draw[st3]  (d)--(e) node[st4]{} ;
\draw (d) --(a);
\door;  
} 

\tikzset{seed/.style={-latex,red}}      
\tikzset{door/.style={red,thick}}
\tikzset{st1/.style={seed}}
\tikzset{st2/.style={}} 
\tikzset{st3/.style={}}
\tikzset{st4/.style={draw,anchor=north west}}    

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance =4.5cm,thick]

\myfig

\begin{scope}[xshift=6cm,st1/.style ={dashed},
                         st2/.style={seed}] 
\myfig
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[xshift=12cm,st1/.style ={dashed}, 
                          st2/.style ={dashed},
                          st3/.style ={seed},
                          st4/.append style ={draw=black}]
\myfig   
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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