排版数学时如何避免不可破坏的 \pmb 框?

排版数学时如何避免不可破坏的 \pmb 框?

我有一个大问题,称为河流问题。我使用的report类定义为:

\documentclass[11pt,notitlepage,a4paper,oneside]{report}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[cp1250]{inputenc}
\usepackage{graphicx,amsmath,amsthm,amssymb,a4wide,eucal,exscale,china2e,varioref,acronym}
\usepackage[left=3.5cm,top=2cm,right=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}[chapter]
\hyphenpenalty=10000
\sloppy
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markright{\thechapter\ #1}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\fancyhf{} \fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\nouppercase\rightmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\nouppercase\leftmark}
\fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\nouppercase\thepage}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\setlength{\headsep}{0.2in}
\addtolength{\headheight}{0.5pt}
\fancypagestyle{plain}
{ \fancyhead{}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
}

\begin{document}

\begin{definition}
Let $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathsf{F},\mathsf{P})$ be a stochastic
basis. A vector process $\mathbf{W}=(\mathbf{W}_{t},\;t\ge
0)=(W^{1}_{t},W^{2}_{t},\ldots,W^{n}_{t})_{t\ge 0}$ is called an
\pmb{n-dimensional $(\mathcal{F}_{t})$-Wiener process with
covariance matrix $Q$} if it has the following properties:
\begin{itemize}
\item[$\widetilde{(W1)}$] $\mathbf{W}_{t}-\mathbf{W}_{s}$ is
independent of $\mathcal{F}_{s}$ for all $0\le s<t$.
\item[$\widetilde{(W2)}$]
$\mathcal{L}(\mathbf{W}_{t}-\mathbf{W}_{s})=
N(\mathbf{0},(t-s)\mathbf{Q})$ \item[$\widetilde{(W3)}$]
$\mathbf{W}$ has $\mathsf{P}$-a.s. continuous trajectories.
\item[$\widetilde{(W4)}$] $\mathbf{W}_{t}$ is an
$(\mathcal{F}_{t})$-adapted process for every $t\ge 0$.
\end{itemize}
\end{definition}


\end{document}

在某些情况下,输出结果确实很难看。是否可以在不删除命令 sloppy 的情况下删除“rivers”,我需要将其保留在文档中?

答案1

第 8.5 条全面的 LaTeX 符号列表显示了获取粗体数学的各种方法,这似乎是这里的主要问题。我选择\boldsymbolmicrotype始终是一个好主意,虽然我paralist更喜欢而不是enumitem,但在这种情况下实际上需要后者,所以我偷了 egreg 的解决方案:

\documentclass[11pt,notitlepage,a4paper,oneside]{report}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[cp1250]{inputenc}
\usepackage{graphicx,amsmath,amsthm,amssymb,a4wide,eucal,exscale,varioref,acronym,china2e}
\usepackage[left=3.5cm,top=2cm,right=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}[chapter]
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markright{\thechapter\ #1}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\fancyhf{} \fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\nouppercase\rightmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\nouppercase\leftmark}
\fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\nouppercase\thepage}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\setlength{\headsep}{0.2in}
\addtolength{\headheight}{0.5pt}
\fancypagestyle{plain}
{ \fancyhead{}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
}

\begin{document}

\begin{definition}
Let $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathsf{F},\mathsf{P})$ be a stochastic
basis. A vector process $\mathbf{W}=(\mathbf{W}_{t},\;t\ge
0)=(W^{1}_{t},W^{2}_{t},\ldots,W^{n}_{t})_{t\ge 0}$ is called an
\textbf{n-dimensional $\boldsymbol{(\mathcal{F}_{t})}$-Wiener process with
covariance matrix $\mathbf{Q}$} if it has the following properties:
\begin{enumerate}[label=$\widetilde{(W\arabic*)}$,leftmargin=*]
\item $\mathbf{W}_{t}-\mathbf{W}_{s}$ is independent of $\mathcal{F}_{s}$ for all $0\le s<t$.
\item $\mathcal{L}(\mathbf{W}_{t}-\mathbf{W}_{s})=N(\mathbf{0},(t-s)\mathbf{Q})$
\item $\mathbf{W}$ has $\mathsf{P}$-a.s. continuous trajectories.
\item $\mathbf{W}_{t}$ is an $(\mathcal{F}_{t})$-adapted process for every $t\ge 0$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{definition}
\end{document}

我希望它看起来像这样:

结果

答案2

使用microtype包,如果需要的话ragged2e包。通过将您的最小值与以下内容进行比较,您将观察到它将极大地改善文本:

在此处输入图片描述

在此处输入图片描述

没有“穷人的勇气”

在此处输入图片描述

然而,问题的更大根源是您添加了太多内联方程式和符号,这既不会增加出版物的可读性,也不会增加文本的排版。

附加说明

该宏\pmb代表穷人的粗体。在 TeX 的早期,许多打印机无法打印粗体。Knuth 在 TeXBook 中给出了一个“穷人的粗体”示例(TeXbook,第 386 页),可以通过在正常粗细符号上加盖并略微偏移来排版。请参阅https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/8957/963以获得一些额外的解释。不要使用它,而是\textbf直接使用。

对于大多数正常文本来说, 非常困难TeX 无法产生河流,前提是您不摆弄参数。由于宏\pmb将其内容排版在一个框中,因此 TeX 无法将其连字符化,从而导致您遇到的问题。

一旦您将 TeX 从您强加的限制中解放出来,并且您添加了microtype可以最小化连字符的功能,那么文本就会得到改善,正如您在第三张图中所看到的那样。

最后,为了强调,使用斜体字体被认为是更好的排版方式。

\documentclass[11pt,notitlepage,a4paper,oneside]{report}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[cp1250]{inputenc}
\usepackage{graphicx,amsmath,amsthm,amssymb,a4wide,eucal,exscale,china2e,varioref,acronym,microtype,ragged2e}
\usepackage[left=3.5cm,top=2cm,right=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}[chapter]
%\hyphenpenalty=10000
%\sloppy
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markright{\thechapter\ #1}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\fancyhf{} \fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\nouppercase\rightmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\nouppercase\leftmark}
\fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\nouppercase\thepage}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\setlength{\headsep}{0.2in}
\addtolength{\headheight}{0.5pt}
\fancypagestyle{plain}
{ \fancyhead{}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
}

\begin{document}

\begin{definition}
Let $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathsf{F},\mathsf{P})$ be a stochastic
basis. A vector process $\mathbf{W}=(\mathbf{W}_{t},\;t\ge
0)=(W^{1}_{t},W^{2}_{t},\ldots,W^{n}_{t})_{t\ge 0}$ is called an
\pmb{n-dimensional $(\mathcal{F}_{t})$-Wiener process with
covariance matrix $Q$} if it has the following properties:
\begin{itemize}
\item[$\widetilde{(W1)}$] $\mathbf{W}_{t}-\mathbf{W}_{s}$ is
independent of $\mathcal{F}_{s}$ for all $0\le s<t$.
\item[$\widetilde{(W2)}$]
$\mathcal{L}(\mathbf{W}_{t}-\mathbf{W}_{s})=
N(\mathbf{0},(t-s)\mathbf{Q})$ \item[$\widetilde{(W3)}$]
$\mathbf{W}$ has $\mathsf{P}$-a.s. continuous trajectories.
\item[$\widetilde{(W4)}$] $\mathbf{W}_{t}$ is an
$(\mathcal{F}_{t})$-adapted process for every $t\ge 0$.
\end{itemize}
\end{definition}
\end{document}

答案3

这里有一个解决河流问题的方法:首先,不\sloppy声明;然后按照通常的方式处理定义:文本采用直立类型,定义的术语采用斜体。

\documentclass[11pt,notitlepage,a4paper,oneside]{report}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm}
\usepackage[left=3.5cm,top=2cm,right=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry}

\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}

\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markright{\thechapter\ #1}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\fancyhf{} 
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\nouppercase\rightmark}
%\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\nouppercase\leftmark}
\fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\nouppercase\thepage}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\setlength{\headsep}{0.2in}
\addtolength{\headheight}{0.5pt}
\fancypagestyle{plain}
{ \fancyhead{}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
}

%%% Theorem-like environments %%%
\theoremstyle{definition}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}[chapter]

\theoremstyle{plain}
\newtheorem{proposition}[definition]{Proposition}
\newtheorem{theorem}[definition]{Theorem}
\newtheorem{lemma}[definition]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{corollary}[definition]{Corollary}

\theoremstyle{remark}
\newtheorem{example}[definition]{Example}
\newtheorem{remark}[definition]{Remark}
\newtheorem{notation}[definition]{Notation}
\newtheorem{convention}[definition]{Convention}

\begin{document}

\chapter{Wiener processes}

\begin{definition}
Let $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathsf{F},\mathsf{P})$ be a stochastic
basis. A vector process $\mathbf{W}={(\mathbf{W}_{t},\,t\ge 0)}=
(W^{1}_{t},W^{2}_{t},\ldots,W^{n}_{t})_{t\ge 0}$ is called an
\emph{$n$-dimensional $(\mathcal{F}_{t})$-Wiener process with
covariance matrix~$Q$} if it has the following properties:
\begin{enumerate}[label=$\widetilde{(W\arabic*)}$,leftmargin=*]
\item $\mathbf{W}_{t}-\mathbf{W}_{s}$ is independent of $\mathcal{F}_{s}$
  for all $0\le s<t$;

\item $\mathcal{L}(\mathbf{W}_{t}-\mathbf{W}_{s})=N(\mathbf{0},(t-s)\mathbf{Q})$;

\item $\mathbf{W}$ has $\mathsf{P}$-a.s.\ continuous trajectories;

\item $\mathbf{W}_{t}$ is an $(\mathcal{F}_{t})$-adapted process for every $t\ge 0$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{definition}

\end{document}

请注意如何\emph用于定义的术语;definition环境在之后声明\theoremstyle{definition},这导致所有后续的类定理环境都具有直立类型的正文。

枚举列表最好用enumitem特征来处理。

我已删除了该示例不需要的所有包。


在此处输入图片描述

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