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多个重音字符的快捷方式

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多个重音字符的快捷方式

我正在准备一本用美国本土语言编写的书，需要多个重音字符。例如，输入这些字符\'{\b{a}}很麻烦，并且会使源代码难以阅读，尤其是对于三重音字符。我想要的是以下输入/输出对：

'a = \'a

,a = \b{a}

',a = \'{\b{a}}

这是该问题的完整版本。

该部落目前使用两种不同的基于罗马字母的书写系统。我想定义两个不同的环境（\PMKencoding和\AHWencoding），以便在两种正字法中输出相同的代码：您需要做的就是切换环境。

该语言有 6 个基本元音。在 AHW 编码中，我想要a= a（即a给出a）、e= e、i= i、o= o、 =、 u=u和å= au）。在 PMK 中，a= à、e= è、i= ì、o= 、= ò、u=ù和å= àu。

在 AHW 中，长元音为aa、ey、ii、ow、uu。aw在 PMK 中，长元音为重音符号 + 长音符号：\`{\=a}}、\`{\=e}}、\`{\=i}}、\`{\=o}}、\`{\=u}}、\`{\=a}}u。

除了低音调外，元音还可以有高音或降音。它们也可以是鼻音。因此，每个元音可以以 12 种形式出现。我想用类似以下输入系统的东西对这 12 种形式进行编码。在以下所有情况下，我愿意接受有关符号的建议，但我绝对希望避免将 SHIFT 访问的字符（例如~）与非 SHIFT 访问的字符（例如'）混合；我发现这种混合会导致错误。 我选择的字符是从语言学家的角度直观的。

'a = short high a (\'{a})
',a = short high nasal a (\'{\b{a}})
'.a = long high a (AHW \'{a}a, PMK \'{\=a})
';a = long high nasal a (AHW \'{\b{a}}a, PMK \'{\={\b{a}}})

`a = short falling a (\^a)
`,a = short falling nasal a (\^{\b{a}})
`.a = long falling a (AHW \^{a}a, PMK \^a)
`;a = long falling nasal a (AHW \^{\b{a}}a, PMK \^{\b{a}})

a = short low a (AHW a, PMK à)
,a = short nasal a (AHW \b{a}, PMK \`{\b{a}})
.a = long low a (AHW aa, PMK \'{\=a})
;a = long low nasal a (AHW \b{a}a, PMK \`{\={\b{a}}})

注意。我也接受'.,a长高鼻音。上面，我使用了和;的组合。 .,

注 2. 我宁愿输入重音符号 + a 而不是抑扬符号 + a （我发现使用大量 SHIFT 笔画会降低打字速度并增加错误）。

注 3. 如果您认为出现了错误，PMK 正字法不会区分降调元音的长元音和短元音。

注 4. 从重音的角度来看，所有元音的行为都相同。但在 AHW 正字法中，长度以各种方式表示。元音i和的u行为类似a（重复表示长度）。为了清楚起见，在最后，我附上了一份其他元音应做的事情的列表。

除了元音之外，辅音也有一些要求：

.p = AHW p, PMK f
`p = AHW ph, PMK p
'p = AHW p', PMK v

.t = AHW t, PMK j
`t = AHW th, PMK t
't = AHW t', PMK th

.k = AHW k, PMK c
`k = AHW kh, PMK k
'k = AHW k', PMK q

.c = AHW ts, PMK ch
'c = AHW ts', PMK x

字母 Y 有一些奇怪的语法特性，它要求：

.y = AHW i, PMK i
,y = AHW y, PMK (nothing)

最后，我需要一个符号，在 AHW 系统中是连字符，但在 PMK 系统中是空格。

~ = AHW -, PMK   (i.e., a space).

我将非常乐意以书面形式感谢任何帮助。事实上，光是考虑编码就让我远离即将着手的项目太久了。

其他元音：

'e = short high e (\'{e})
',e = short high nasal e (\'{\b{e}})
'.e = long high e (AHW \'{e}y, PMK \'{\=e})
';e = long high nasal e (AHW \'{\b{e}}y, PMK \'{\={\b{e}}})

`e = short falling e (\^e)
`,e = short falling nasal e (\^{\b{e}})
`.e = long falling e (AHW \^{e}y, PMK \^e)
`;e = long falling nasal e (AHW \^{\b{e}}y, PMK \^{\b{e}})

e = short low e (AHW e, PMK \`e)
,e = short nasal e (AHW \b{a}, PMK \`{\b{e}})
.e = long low e (AHW ey, PMK \`{\=e})
;e = long low nasal e (AHW \b{e}y, PMK \`{\={\b{e}}})


'o = short high o (\'{o})
',o = short high nasal o (\'{\b{o}})
'.o = long high o (AHW \'{o}w, PMK \'{\=o})
';o = long high nasal o (AHW \'{\b{o}}w, PMK \'{\={\b{o}}})

`o = short falling o (\^o)
`,o = short falling nasal o (\^{\b{o}})
`.o = long falling o (AHW \^{o}w, PMK \^o)
`;o = long falling nasal o (AHW \^{\b{o}}w, PMK \^{\b{o}})

o = short low o (AHW o, PMK \`o)
,o = short nasal o (AHW \b{a}, PMK \`{\b{o}})
.o = long low o (AHW ow, PMK \`{\=o})
;o = long low nasal o (AHW \b{o}w, PMK \`{\={\b{o}}})




'å = short high au (\'{a}u)
',å = short high nasal au (\'{\b{a}}u)
'.å = long high au (AHW \'{a}w, PMK \'{\=a}u)
';å = long high nasal au (AHW \'{\b{a}}w, PMK \'{\={\b{a}}}u)

`å = short falling au (\^{a}u)
`,å = short falling nasal au (\^{\b{a}}u)
`.å = long falling au (AHW \^{a}w, PMK \^{a}u)
`;å = long falling nasal au (AHW \^{\b{a}}w, PMK \^{\b{a}}u)

å = short low au (AHW au, PMK \`å)
,å = short nasal au (AHW \b{a}u, PMK \`{\b{a}}u)
.å = long low au (AHW aw, PMK \'{\=a}u)
;å = long low nasal au (AHW \b{a}w, PMK \`{\={\b{a}}}u)

答案1

这可能会有用：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\makeatletter
\newif\if@kiowa
\def\normal@quote{'}
{
 \catcode`\'=\active
 \gdef'{\if@kiowa\expandafter\kiowa@quote\else\expandafter\normal@quote\fi}
}
\AtBeginDocument{\catcode`\'=\active}
\def\kiowa@quote#1{%
  \ifx#1,%
    \expandafter\kiowa@k
  \else
    \'{#1}%
  \fi
}
\def\kiowa@k#1{\k{\'{#1}}}

\def\kiowaencoding{\@kiowatrue}
\makeatother

\begin{document}
These are ``quotes''

{\kiowaencoding 'a 'e ',a}
\end{document}

是'由总是激活，但如果我们不在 Kiowa 语境中，则扩展为正常引号。否则，它会查看下一个字符：如果是逗号，它会吞掉它并执行\kiowa@k，否则它会在下一个字符上使用尖音符。

当然，更改类别代码总是有风险的。不要在 Kiowa 文本中使用引号。

这是一个非常初步的版本；目前只定义了 AHW 编码中的短元音，但结果似乎不错。仍然需要决定如何处理au。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

% -a   short
% -.a  short nasal
% -'a  short high
% -'.a short high nasal
% -`a  short falling
% -`.a short falling nasal
% =a   long
% =.a  long nasal
% ='a  long high
% ='.a long high nasal
% =`a  long falling
% =`.a long falling nasal

\makeatletter
\newif\if@kiowa
\newif\if@AHW
\DeclareRobustCommand{\AHWencoding}{\@kiowatrue\@AHWtrue}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\PMKencoding}{\@kiowatrue\@AHWfalse}
\def\kiowa@hyphen{\if@AHW\expandafter\kiowa@AHW@hyphen\else\expandafter\kiowa@PMK@hyphen\fi}
\def\kiowa@equals{\if@AHW\expandafter\kiowa@AHW@equals\else\expandafter\kiowa@PMK@equals\fi}

\def\kiowa@normal@hyphen{-}
\def\kiowa@normal@equals{=}
\begingroup
\catcode`-=\active
\catcode`==\active
\protected\gdef-{\if@kiowa\expandafter\kiowa@hyphen\else\expandafter\kiowa@normal@hyphen\fi}
\protected\gdef={\if@kiowa\expandafter\kiowa@equals\else\expandafter\kiowa@normal@equals\fi}
\endgroup
\AtBeginDocument{\catcode`-=\active \catcode`==\active}

%%% AHW
\def\kiowa@AHW@hyphen{%
  \@ifnextchar.\kiowa@AHW@shortnasal\kiowa@AHW@hyphen@i}
\def\kiowa@AHW@hyphen@i{%
  \@ifnextchar'\kiowa@AHW@shorthigh@m\kiowa@AHW@hyphen@ii}
\def\kiowa@AHW@shorthigh@m#1{%
  \@ifnextchar.\kiowa@AHW@shorthighnasal\kiowa@AHW@shorthigh}
\def\kiowa@AHW@hyphen@ii{%
  \@ifnextchar`\kiowa@AHW@shortfalling@m\kiowa@AHW@short}
\def\kiowa@AHW@shortfalling@m#1{%
  \@ifnextchar.\kiowa@AHW@shortfallingnasal\kiowa@AHW@shortfalling}
\def\kiowa@AHW@short{\@ifnextchar\bgroup\kiowa@normal@hyphen\@firstofone}
\def\kiowa@AHW@shortnasal#1#2{\b{#2}}
\def\kiowa@AHW@shorthigh#1{\'{#1}}
\def\kiowa@AHW@shorthighnasal#1#2{\b{\'{#2}}}
\def\kiowa@AHW@shortfalling#1{\^{#1}}
\def\kiowa@AHW@shortfallingnasal#1#2{\b{\^{#2}}}

\begin{document}
{\AHWencoding -a -.a -'a -'.a -`a -`.a -{}}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

使用的想法\DeclareTextCompositeCommand非常好：这里是如何改进以前的代码，而无需重载已经定义的命令。

% -*- coding: latin-1 -*-

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

% -a   short
% -.a  short nasal
% -'a  short high
% -'.a short high nasal
% -`a  short falling
% -`.a short falling nasal
% =a   long
% =.a  long nasal
% ='a  long high
% ='.a long high nasal
% =`a  long falling
% =`.a long falling nasal

\makeatletter
\newif\if@kiowa
\newif\if@AHW
\DeclareRobustCommand{\AHWencoding}{\@kiowatrue\@AHWtrue}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\PMKencoding}{\@kiowatrue\@AHWfalse}
 \def\kiowa@hyphen{\if@AHW\expandafter\kiowa@AHW@hyphen\else\expandafter\kiowa@PMK@hyphen\fi}
\def\kiowa@equals{\if@AHW\expandafter\kiowa@AHW@equals\else\expandafter\kiowa@PMK@equals\fi}

\def\kiowa@normal@hyphen{-}
\def\kiowa@normal@equals{=}
\begingroup
\catcode`-=\active
\catcode`==\active
\protected\gdef-{\if@kiowa\expandafter\kiowa@hyphen\else\expandafter\kiowa@normal@hyphen\fi}
\protected\gdef={\if@kiowa\expandafter\kiowa@equals\else\expandafter\kiowa@normal@equals\fi}
\endgroup
\AtBeginDocument{\catcode`-=\active \catcode`==\active}

%%% AHW
\def\kiowa@AHW@equals{%
  \@ifnextchar.\kiowa@AHW@longnasal\kiowa@AHW@equals@i}
\def\kiowa@AHW@equals@i{%
  \@ifnextchar'\kiowa@AHW@longhigh@m\kiowa@AHW@equals@ii}
\def\kiowa@AHW@longhigh@m#1{%
  \@ifnextchar.\kiowa@AHW@longhighnasal\kiowa@AHW@longhigh}
\def\kiowa@AHW@equals@ii{%
  \@ifnextchar`\kiowa@AHW@longfalling@m\kiowa@AHW@long}
\def\kiowa@AHW@longfalling@m#1{%
  \@ifnextchar.\kiowa@AHW@longfallingnasal\kiowa@AHW@longfalling}
\def\kiowa@AHW@long{\@ifnextchar\bgroup\kiowa@normal@equals\@firstofone\l}
\def\kiowa@AHW@longnasal#1#2{\AHWlongnasal{#2}}
\def\kiowa@AHW@longhigh#1{\AHWlonghigh{#1}}
\def\kiowa@AHW@longhighnasal#1#2{\AHWlonghighnasal{#2}}
\def\kiowa@AHW@longfalling#1{\AHWlongfalling #1}
\def\kiowa@AHW@longfallingnasal#1#2{\AHWlongfallingnasal #2}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%AHW long falling nasal
\DeclareTextAccent\AHWlongfallingnasal{T1}{2} % just a dummy
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfallingnasal}{T1}{a}{\b{\^{a}}a}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfallingnasal}{T1}{e}{\b{\^{e}}y}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfallingnasal}{T1}{i}{\b{\^{i}}i}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfallingnasal}{T1}{o}{\b{\^{o}}w}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfallingnasal}{T1}{u}{\b{\^{u}}u}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfallingnasal}{T1}{å}{\b{\^{a}}w}

\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfallingnasal}{T1}{A}{\b{\^{A}}a}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfallingnasal}{T1}{E}{\b{\^{E}}y}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfallingnasal}{T1}{I}{\b{\^{I}}i}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfallingnasal}{T1}{O}{\b{\^{O}}w}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfallingnasal}{T1}{U}{\b{\^{U}}u}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfallingnasal}{T1}{Å}{\b{\^{A}}w}
%%%AHW long falling nasal
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%AHW long falling oral
\DeclareTextAccent\AHWlongfalling{T1}{2} % just a dummy
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfalling}{T1}{a}{\^{a}a}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfalling}{T1}{e}{\^{e}y}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfalling}{T1}{i}{\^{i}i}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfalling}{T1}{o}{\^{o}w}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfalling}{T1}{u}{\^{u}u}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfalling}{T1}{å}{\^{a}w}

\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfalling}{T1}{A}{\^{A}a}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfalling}{T1}{E}{\^{E}y}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfalling}{T1}{I}{\^{I}i}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfalling}{T1}{O}{\^{O}w}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfalling}{T1}{U}{\^{U}u}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\AHWlongfalling}{T1}{Å}{\^{A}w}
%%%AHW long falling oral
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{document}

{\AHWencoding 

=`.a =`.e =`.i =`.o =`.u =`.å

=`A =`E =`I =`O =`U =`Å

}

\end{document}

我保留了 Emacs 输入编码指令，因为使用åUTF Å-8 肯定会破坏代码。

答案2

@egreg 这是我根据您的代码得出的结论。我相信任何有经验的人都会认为这是一个糟糕的黑客行为。但它满足了我的需要。

核心补充：我没有直接用、等\kiowa@AHW@longfallingnasal来定义 eg，而是用单个预先存在的重音命令来定义它们，例如或，然后我用 来定义、、 等应该输出到什么。这允许单个字符输入（例如、）产生多个字符输出（例如 、）。 \'\b\"\c\DeclareTextCompositeCommand\"a\c åAåÂaáw

这是代码的一部分（仅适用于 AHW 编码中的长元音）。（请注意，\l末尾 添加了\def\kiowa@AHW@long{\@ifnextchar\bgroup\kiowa@normal@equals\@firstofone\l}，因此它=不再只是“身份映射”。）

万一有人需要更多细节，我可以发布其余内容。当然，我仍然对更优雅的解决方案感兴趣。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

% -a   short
% -.a  short nasal
% -'a  short high
% -'.a short high nasal
% -`a  short falling
% -`.a short falling nasal
% =a   long
% =.a  long nasal
% ='a  long high
% ='.a long high nasal
% =`a  long falling
% =`.a long falling nasal

\makeatletter
\newif\if@kiowa
\newif\if@AHW
\DeclareRobustCommand{\AHWencoding}{\@kiowatrue\@AHWtrue}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\PMKencoding}{\@kiowatrue\@AHWfalse}
 \def\kiowa@hyphen{\if@AHW\expandafter\kiowa@AHW@hyphen\else\expandafter\kiowa@PMK@hyphen\fi}
\def\kiowa@equals{\if@AHW\expandafter\kiowa@AHW@equals\else\expandafter\kiowa@PMK@equals\fi}

\def\kiowa@normal@hyphen{-}
\def\kiowa@normal@equals{=}
\begingroup
\catcode`-=\active
\catcode`==\active
\protected\gdef-{\if@kiowa\expandafter\kiowa@hyphen\else\expandafter\kiowa@normal@hyphen\fi}
\protected\gdef={\if@kiowa\expandafter\kiowa@equals\else\expandafter\kiowa@normal@equals\fi}
\endgroup
\AtBeginDocument{\catcode`-=\active \catcode`==\active}

%%% AHW
\def\kiowa@AHW@equals{%
  \@ifnextchar.\kiowa@AHW@longnasal\kiowa@AHW@equals@i}
\def\kiowa@AHW@equals@i{%
  \@ifnextchar'\kiowa@AHW@longhigh@m\kiowa@AHW@equals@ii}
\def\kiowa@AHW@longhigh@m#1{%
  \@ifnextchar.\kiowa@AHW@longhighnasal\kiowa@AHW@longhigh}
\def\kiowa@AHW@equals@ii{%
  \@ifnextchar`\kiowa@AHW@longfalling@m\kiowa@AHW@long}
\def\kiowa@AHW@longfalling@m#1{%
  \@ifnextchar.\kiowa@AHW@longfallingnasal\kiowa@AHW@longfalling}
\def\kiowa@AHW@long{\@ifnextchar\bgroup\kiowa@normal@equals\@firstofone\l}
\def\kiowa@AHW@longnasal#1#2{\L{#2}}
\def\kiowa@AHW@longhigh#1{\d{#1}}
\def\kiowa@AHW@longhighnasal#1#2{\c{#2}}
\def\kiowa@AHW@longfalling#1{\j{#1}}
\def\kiowa@AHW@longfallingnasal#1#2{\"{#2}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%AHW long falling nasal
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{T1}{a}{\b{\^{a}}a}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{T1}{e}{\b{\^{e}}y}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{T1}{i}{\b{\^{i}}i}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{T1}{o}{\b{\^{o}}w}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{T1}{u}{\b{\^{u}}u}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{T1}{å}{\b{\^{a}}w}

\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{T1}{A}{\b{\^{A}}a}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{T1}{E}{\b{\^{E}}y}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{T1}{I}{\b{\^{I}}i}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{T1}{O}{\b{\^{O}}w}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{T1}{U}{\b{\^{U}}u}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\"}{T1}{Å}{\b{\^{A}}w}
%%%AHW long falling nasal
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%AHW long falling oral
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\j}{T1}{a}{\^{a}a}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\j}{T1}{e}{\^{e}y}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\j}{T1}{i}{\^{i}i}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\j}{T1}{o}{\^{o}w}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\j}{T1}{u}{\^{u}u}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\j}{T1}{å}{\^{a}w}

\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\j}{T1}{A}{\^{A}a}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\j}{T1}{E}{\^{E}y}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\j}{T1}{I}{\^{I}i}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\j}{T1}{O}{\^{O}w}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\j}{T1}{U}{\^{U}u}
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\j}{T1}{Å}{\^{A}w}
%%%AHW long falling oral
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{document}

{\AHWencoding 

=`.a =`.e =`.i =`.o =`.u =`.å

=`A =`E =`I =`O =`U =`Å

}

\end{document}

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