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机械制图，Tikz，阻尼器 + 弹簧 + 2 个质量块

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机械制图，Tikz，阻尼器 + 弹簧 + 2 个质量块

我有以下基于的 tikz 代码https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/13952/15360。现在我想给弹簧、阻尼器和 3 个箭头贴上标签。例如，F 表示力，k 表示弹簧常数，d 表示阻尼器常数。

我必须使用固定坐标吗\node[draw] at (0,0) {$F$};？？

或者我可以做得更聪明吗？因为目前弹簧不是节点，所以我没有它的坐标......

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,patterns,decorations.pathmorphing,decorations.markings}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={draw,outer sep=0pt,thick}]

\tikzstyle{spring}=[thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm,post
length=0.3cm,segment length=6}]

\tikzstyle{damper}=[thick,decoration={markings,  
  mark connection node=dmp,
  mark=at position 0.5 with 
  {
    \node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum
width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(2pt,0)$) -- (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south
west) -- ($(dmp.north west)+(2pt,0)$);
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
  }
}, decorate]

\tikzstyle{ground}=[fill,pattern=north east lines,draw=none,minimum
width=0.75cm,minimum height=0.3cm]

\node (M1) [minimum width=1.5cm, minimum height=1.5cm] {$m_1$};
\node (M2) at (3,0) [minimum width=1.5cm, minimum height=1.5cm] {$m_2$};
\draw[spring] ($(M1.east) - (0,0.5)$) -- ($(M2.west) - (0,0.5)$);
\draw[damper] ($(M1.east) + (0,0.5)$) -- ($(M2.west) + (0,0.5)$);
\draw[thick, dashed] ($(M1.north west)$) -- ($(M1.north west) + (0,1)$);
\draw[thick, dashed] ($(M2.north west)$) -- ($(M2.north west) + (0,1)$);
\draw[ultra thick, -latex] ($(M2.north west) + (0,0.75)$) -- 
                           ($(M2.north west) + (1,0.75)$);
\draw[ultra thick, -latex] ($(M1.north west) + (0,0.75)$) -- 
                           ($(M1.north west) + (1,0.75)$);
\draw[ultra thick, -latex] ($(M1.west) - (1,0)$) -- ($(M1.west)$); 

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案1

如果我理解你的问题正确的话，这很容易做到。我在下面提供了两个示例，通过修改你的代码，标记你的弹簧和一个箭头。例如

\draw[spring] ($(M1.east) - (0,0.5)$) -- ($(M2.west) - (0,0.5)$)

你可以加

node [midway,above] {$k$};

将节点置于其上方和之间

($(M1.east) - (0,0.5)$)和($(M2.west) - (0,0.5)$)

下面的代码

 \documentclass{standalone}
 \usepackage{tikz}
 \usetikzlibrary{calc,patterns,
                 decorations.pathmorphing,
                 decorations.markings}

 \begin{document}
 \begin{tikzpicture}

 \tikzstyle{spring}=[thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm,post
 length=0.3cm,segment length=6}]

 \tikzstyle{damper}=[thick,decoration={markings,  
   mark connection node=dmp,
   mark=at position 0.5 with 
   {
     \node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum
 width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};
     \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(2pt,0)$) -- (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south
 west) -- ($(dmp.north west)+(2pt,0)$);
     \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
   }
 }, decorate]

 \tikzstyle{ground}=[fill,pattern=north east lines,draw=none,minimum
 width=0.75cm,minimum height=0.3cm]

 \node[draw,outer sep=0pt,thick] (M1) [minimum width=1.5cm, minimum height=1.5cm] {$m_1$};
 \node[draw,outer sep=0pt,thick] (M2) at (3,0) [minimum width=1.5cm, minimum height=1.5cm] {$m_2$};
 \draw[spring] ($(M1.east) - (0,0.5)$) -- ($(M2.west) - (0,0.5)$) 
 node [midway,above] {$k$};
 \draw[damper] ($(M1.east) + (0,0.5)$) -- ($(M2.west) + (0,0.5)$);
 \draw[thick, dashed] ($(M1.north west)$) -- ($(M1.north west) + (0,1)$);
 \draw[thick, dashed] ($(M2.north west)$) -- ($(M2.north west) + (0,1)$);
 \draw[ultra thick, -latex] ($(M2.north west) + (0,0.75)$) -- 
                            ($(M2.north west) + (1,0.75)$)
                            node [midway, below] {$F_x$};
 \draw[ultra thick, -latex] ($(M1.north west) + (0,0.75)$) -- 
                            ($(M1.north west) + (1,0.75)$);
 \draw[ultra thick, -latex] ($(M1.west) - (1,0)$) -- ($(M1.west)$); 

 \end{tikzpicture}
 \end{document}

给出 在此处输入图片描述。

请注意，我将盒装节点的样式从环境移到tikzpicture了节点本身，以避免标签周围出现方框。

另外，如果添加定位库：

\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

您可以根据现有的命名节点来定位新节点：

\node (label1) [below=of M1] {A label};

有关节点放置的更多信息，您可以查看 PGF 手册中的第 16.5 章。

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