如何在圆周上生成 n 个点并选择标签和颜色

Question

我想在圆周上放置 n 个点，如图 3 所示文件。我会选择要分配给每个顶点和颜色的标签，并且我希望在 TikZ-pgf 中拥有代码。

Answer 1

这是一个可能的解决方案，主要基于如何在图像尺寸受到限制的情况下，生成圆周上的 n 个点并连接所有点？

该代码的改编涉及如何定制标签和颜色：我开发了两种基本方法

• circumference with labels允许自定义两者；它们应该像在 foreach 循环中一样插入（因为它们是实际上用于 foreach 循环）：（label/color例如1/red,2/blue：）；请注意，对的数量label/color应该与相同num vertex；

• circumference with labels in order按顺时针顺序插入标签并允许选择颜色。

除了来自其他答案的键之外，还有一个：vertex radius；它允许增加或减少表示顶点的圆的半径（默认值为1.5pt）。

代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,shapes.geometric} % required for the polygon shape

\pgfkeys{/tikz/.cd,
     num vertex/.initial=4,
     num vertex/.get=\vertices,
     num vertex/.store in=\vertices,
     circle radius/.initial=3,
     circle radius/.get=\circleradius,
     circle radius/.store in=\circleradius,
     shift angle/.initial=0,
     shift angle/.get=\shiftangle,
     shift angle/.store in=\shiftangle, 
     at pos/.initial={(0,0)},
     at pos/.get=\position,
     at pos/.store in=\position,
     vertex radius/.initial=1.5pt,
     vertex radius/.get=\vertexradius,
     vertex radius/.store in=\vertexradius,
}

% that's just an alias for \node
\makeatletter
\def\drawvertices{\tikz@path@overlay{node}}
\makeatother   

\pgfkeys{/tikz/circumference with labels/.code={
        \pgfmathsetmacro\halfcircleradius{\circleradius/2}
        \draw \position circle (\halfcircleradius cm) node[regular polygon, regular polygon sides=\vertices, minimum size=\circleradius cm, draw=none, name={vertex set}] {};
        \foreach \textlabel/\circlecolor [count=\x] in {#1}{
            \node[draw,circle, inner sep=\vertexradius,black, fill=\circlecolor] at (vertex set.corner \x) {};
            \pgfmathparse{\shiftangle-360*(\x-1)/ \vertices}
            \node at ($(vertex set)+(\pgfmathresult:\halfcircleradius)$)[label={[font=\small]\pgfmathresult:$\textlabel$}]{};
        }
    }
}

\pgfkeys{/tikz/circumference with labels in order/.code={
        \pgfmathsetmacro\halfcircleradius{\circleradius/2}
        \draw \position circle (\halfcircleradius cm) node[regular polygon, regular polygon sides=\vertices, minimum size=\circleradius cm, draw=none, name={vertex set}] {};
        \foreach \circlecolor [count=\x] in {#1}{
            \node[draw,circle, inner sep=\vertexradius,black, fill=\circlecolor] at (vertex set.corner \x) {};
            \pgfmathparse{\shiftangle-360*(\x-1)/ \vertices}
            \node at ($(vertex set)+(\pgfmathresult:\halfcircleradius)$)[label={[font=\small]\pgfmathresult:$\x$}]{};
        }
    }
}  

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\drawvertices[at pos={(0,0.75)}, shift angle=45,circumference with labels={2/red,3/blue,1/blue,4/red}] {};

\drawvertices[at pos={(0,-5)}, shift angle=45,circumference with labels in order={red,blue,blue,red}] {};

\drawvertices[num vertex=6, 
    circle radius=4,
    at pos={(5,0.75)},
    circumference with labels={
    1/white,4/green,5/blue,2/red,3/red,6/white
    }] {};

\drawvertices[num vertex=6, 
    circle radius=4,
    at pos={(5,-5)},
    circumference with labels in order={
    white,green,blue,red,red,white
    }] {};

\drawvertices[num vertex=19, 
    circle radius=6,
    vertex radius=3pt,
    shift angle=90,
    at pos={(2.5,-12)},
    circumference with labels in order={
    white,white,white,green,blue,red,red,red,red,
    orange,orange,orange,violet,violet,violet,violet,violet,white,white 
    }] {};    
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

结果：

Answer 2

与 Claudio 的回答相比，这是一个穷人的解决方案：)

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\def\numofpoints{19}
\def\circpatt{{1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,2,3}} % 1 filled 0 empty
\def\labelpatt{{1,11,2,12,3,13,4,14,5,15,6,16,7,17,8,18,9,19,10}}

\node[circle,draw,minimum width=4cm] (bigc) {};
\foreach \x in {0,...,\numexpr\numofpoints-1\relax}
{
\pgfmathparse{\circpatt[\x]}
\ifnum\pgfmathresult>0\relax\def\mycolor{black}\else\def\mycolor{white}\fi
\node[circle,inner sep=3pt,draw,fill=\mycolor] (n-\x) at (bigc.360/\numofpoints*\x+90) {};
\node (l-\x) at (360/\numofpoints*\x+90:2.5cm)  {\pgfmathparse{\labelpatt[\x]}$\pgfmathresult$};
}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}