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如何：巴格诺尔斯-高森生物气候图？

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如何：巴格诺尔斯-高森生物气候图？

有没有关于如何编写 Bagnouls–Gaussen 生物气候图（温度图）的示例？这里有一张图： http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379711210000949

温度的标度一般标在左边，降水的标度一般为右边的一半。

答案1

PGFPlots 可以使用两个axis相互叠加的环境来实现这一点。通过使用样式，您可以非常高效地生成这些图表。一旦定义了样式precipitation和temperature，您只需输入

\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotstableread{
Month   Precipitation   Temperature
1   65   7
2   55   8
3   45  10
4   33  15
5   12  20
6    8  24
7   12  27
8    3  26
9   12  22
10  65  17
11  50  12
12  91   8
}\data
\begin{axis}[precipitation]
    \addplot table {\data} \cycleplot;
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[temperature]
    \addplot table {\data} \cycleplot;
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

得到以下图表（请注意，我还定义了一个新\cycleplot命令，将图表“继续”到左侧和右侧，以便更清楚地看到周期性）：

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots, pgfplotstable}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.7}

\pgfplotsset{
    precipitation/.style={
        ymin=0, ymax=#1,
        scale only axis,
        cycle list={
            black, mark=*\\
        },
        table/x=Month,
        table/y=Precipitation,
        axis y line*=left,
        xtick={1,...,12},
        xticklabels={Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec},
        enlarge x limits={abs=0.5},
        execute at end plot={\label{precipplot}},
        ylabel=\ref{precipplot} Precipitation in mm
    },
    precipitiation/.default=100,
    temperature/.style={
        ymin=0, ymax=#1,
        scale only axis,
        cycle list={
            gray, thick, mark=square*\\
        },
        table/x=Month,
        table/y=Temperature,
        axis y line*=right,
        hide x axis,
        enlarge x limits={abs=0.5},
        execute at end plot={\label{tempplot}},
        ylabel=\ref{tempplot} Temperature in C
    },
    temperature/.default=50
}
\newcommand\cycleplot{
(current plot end|-current plot begin) ++(axis direction cs:1,0) -- (current plot end)
        (current plot begin|-current plot end) ++(axis direction cs:-1,0) -- (current plot begin)
}

\pgfplotsset{
    width=10cm,
    height=6cm
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotstableread{
Month   Precipitation   Temperature
1   65   7
2   55   8
3   45  10
4   33  15
5   12  20
6    8  24
7   12  27
8    3  26
9   12  22
10  65  17
11  50  12
12  91   8
}\data
\begin{axis}[precipitation]
    \addplot table {\data} \cycleplot;
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[temperature]
    \addplot table {\data} \cycleplot;
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

填充温度曲线高于降水曲线的区域需要一些技巧：您可以先绘制温度曲线并填充其下方的整个区域，然后在其上方绘制降水曲线，用白色填充其下方的区域。不幸的是，这也会覆盖温度曲线（而不仅仅是填充的区域），因此您必须再次绘制降水曲线（这次不进行填充）：

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots, pgfplotstable}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.7}

\usetikzlibrary{calc}


\pgfplotsset{
    precipitation/.style={
            axis on top,
        ymin=0, ymax=#1,
        scale only axis,
        cycle list={
            black, mark=*,fill=white, mark options={fill=black}\\
        },
        table/x=Month,
        table/y=Precipitation,
        axis y line*=left,
        xtick={1,...,12},
        xticklabels={Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec},
        enlarge x limits={abs=0.5},
        execute at end plot={\label{precipplot}},
        ylabel=\ref{precipplot} Precipitation in mm
    },
    precipitiation/.default=100,
    temperature/.style={
        ymin=0, ymax=#1,
        scale only axis,
        cycle list={
            gray, thick, mark=square*\\
        },
        table/x=Month,
        table/y=Temperature,
        axis y line*=right,
        hide x axis,
        enlarge x limits={abs=0.5},
        execute at end plot={\label{tempplot}},
        ylabel=\ref{tempplot} Temperature in C
    },
    temperature/.default=50
}
\newcommand\cycleplot{
-- ($(current plot end|-current plot begin)+(axis direction cs:1,0)$) |- (rel axis cs:-0.1,-0.1)
      --  ($(current plot begin|-current plot end)+(axis direction cs:-1,0)$) -- (current plot begin)
}

\pgfplotsset{
    width=10cm,
    height=6cm
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotstableread{
Month   Precipitation   Temperature
1   65   7
2   55   8
3   45  10
4   33  15
5   12  20
6    8  24
7   12  27
8    3  26
9   12  22
10  65  17
11  50  12
12  91   8
}\data
\pgfplotsset{set layers=axis on top}
\begin{axis}[temperature, hide axis]
    \addplot [draw=none,fill=gray!25] table {\data} \cycleplot;
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[precipitation]
    \addplot table {\data} \cycleplot;
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[temperature]
    \addplot table {\data} \cycleplot;
    \node at (rel axis cs:0.55,0.28) {Dry season};
\end{axis}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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