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在 TikZ 绘图上创建垂直半透明条纹

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在 TikZ 绘图上创建垂直半透明条纹

在撰写论文时，我尝试用灰色显示部分排序的各个区域。理想情况下，为了解释清楚，我想用垂直条纹将某些区域变灰，如下所示：

https://www.dropbox.com/s/pc9qx61ti2sfqk9/partialorder.png

我知道如何构造图形/偏序集图像，但不知道如何构造条纹区域。有人能给我指点一下吗？

编辑。感谢这些建议，我能够做到以下几点：

    \documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
    \usepackage{tikz}
    \usetikzlibrary{patterns, arrows}
    \pgfdeclarepatternformonly{super ultra thick north east lines}{\pgfqpoint{-2pt}{-2pt}}{\pgfqpoint{10pt}{10pt}}{\pgfqpoint{10pt}{10pt}}%
    {
      \pgfsetlinewidth{2pt}
      \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{-1pt}{-1pt}}
      \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{9pt}{9pt}}
      \pgfusepath{stroke}
    }
    \begin{document}
    \tikzset{
      pon/.style = {circle,align=center, black, draw=black, text width=3.0em, thick},
    }
    \begin{tikzpicture}[->,level/.style={sibling distance = 2.5cm/#1, level distance = 1.5cm}, style={very thick}] 
            \node (max)  [pon] at (0,4) {$c_1, c_2, c_3\ $};
            \node (c1c2) [pon] at (-2, 2) {$c_1, c_2$};
            \node (c1c3) [pon] at (0, 2) {$c_1, c_3$};
            \node (c2c3) [pon] at (2, 2) {$c_2, c_3$};
            \node (c1) [pon] at (-2, 0) {$c_1$};
            \node (c2) [pon] at (0, 0) {$c_2$};
            \node (c3) [pon] at (2, 0) {$c_3$};
            \draw (max) -- (c1c2);
            \draw (max) -- (c1c3);
            \draw (max) -- (c2c3);
            \draw (c1c2) -- (c1);
            \draw (c1c2) -- (c2);
            \draw (c1c3) -- (c1);
            \draw (c1c3) -- (c3);
            \draw (c2c3) -- (c2);
            \draw (c2c3) -- (c3);
      % top row shading
      \path (-2.75,4.75) rectangle (3,3) [path picture={
        \foreach \xShift in {-50,-40,...,160}
          \draw[line width=2pt, opacity=.5, shorten <=-2\pgflinewidth] ([xshift=\xShift pt] path picture bounding box.south west)
                                      -- ++ (100pt,100pt);
      }];
     % bottom
      \path (-2.75,-1) rectangle (3,1) [path picture={
        \foreach \xShift in {-50,-40,...,160}
          \draw[line width=2pt, opacity=.5, shorten <=-2\pgflinewidth] ([xshift=\xShift pt] path picture bounding box.south west)
                                      -- ++ (100pt,100pt);
      }];
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \end{document}

答案1

第一个例子使用已经定义的模式north east lines，该模式使用默认线宽.4pt（thin）并且线之间有固定的间距。

第二个示例使用类似的super ultra thick north east lines线宽定义2pt，同时使用更多线间距。结合使用，opacity这可能会产生不美观的结果，因为这些线是由许多短线构成的。根据查看器的不同，我看到了不同的渲染效果。

第三个示例使用与 ingpath picture类似的工作方式，fill因为它会根据路径本身进行裁剪。您还可以更好地控制线条，因为它们可以相对于路径进行定位。如果您的路径较高或较宽，则可能需要根据您的路径调整值。

代码

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns}
\pgfdeclarepatternformonly{super ultra thick north east lines}{\pgfqpoint{-2pt}{-2pt}}{\pgfqpoint{10pt}{10pt}}{\pgfqpoint{10pt}{10pt}}%
{
  \pgfsetlinewidth{2pt}
  \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{-1pt}{-1pt}}
  \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{9pt}{9pt}}
  \pgfusepath{stroke}
}
\begin{document}
\tikz\pattern[opacity=.5, pattern=north east lines] (0,0) rectangle (3,2);
\tikz\pattern[opacity=.5, pattern=super ultra thick north east lines] (0,0) rectangle (3,2);
\tikz
  \path (0,0) rectangle (3,2) [path picture={
    \foreach \xShift in {-50,-40,...,100}
      \draw[line width=2pt, opacity=.5, shorten <=-2\pgflinewidth] ([xshift=\xShift pt] path picture bounding box.south west)
                                  -- ++ (100pt,100pt);
  }];
\end{document}

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