请考虑下图所示的简单时间线表（摘自一本书）。
下面的 MWE 将其定义为环境，
\documentclass[twocolumn,10pt]{article}
\usepackage{mathpazo,calc,tikz}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{array,booktabs,colortbl}
\color[gray]{.1}
\makeatletter
\newif\if@top
\@toptrue
\if@top \def\one{\leavevmode\par}\def\two{\vfill}\fi
\newif\if@center
\if@center\def\one{\vfill}\def\two{\vfill}\fi
\newif\if@bottom
\@bottomtrue
\if@bottom\def\one{\vfill}\def\two{}\fi
\makeatother
\newenvironment{timeline}[1][1534--40]{%
\one
\long\def\Row##1##2{\rowcolor{yellow!8}[5pt][2pt]\textbf{##1}&##2 \\ \midrule}%
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0pt}%
\arrayrulecolor{yellow}%
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1}%
\sffamily
\noindent
\newlength\templength
\settowidth{\templength}{#1}%
\addtolength{\templength}{1em}%
\begin{tabular}{p{\templength}p{\dimexpr\columnwidth-\templength-2pt}}%
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{>{\columncolor{yellow!25}[5pt][3pt]}l}{\bfseries KEY EVENTS}\\
\hline}%
{\end{tabular}%
\two\vspace{-6.5pt}
}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1-5]
\begin{timeline}
\Row{1520}{Death of Raphael. His later works were considered the beginning of Mannerism}
\Row{1528}{Sack of Rome. Spreads Mannerism across Italy and France}
\Row{c.\thinspace1528}{Jacobo Pontomo finishes his \textit{Deposition}, a Florentine altarpiece in the Mannerist style}
\Row{1534--40}{Girolano Parmigiano paints \textit{The\newline Madonna of the Long Neck}}
\Row{1541}{Birth of El Grego}
\end{timeline}
\end{document}
你能帮忙让它更接近原版吗？两个常见问题，关键事件标题，作为行周围的框架混合，第二个删除底部的额外空间以使其与左列文本的基线对齐（在 MWE 中手动更正）。还有其他细微的差异。
最好从书中的背景来看待这种风格艺术作者为罗伯特·卡明 (Robert Cumming)，DK Publications 出版。
答案1
我尝试复制表格，但除了 Arial Narrow 之外，我没有其他更窄的字体。我没有构建完整的环境，但我认为直接在表格中输入内容可能会更好。所以我使用了pgfplotstable但datatool也可以很好地完成。因此，这是一种概念性答案。
我把表放在 tikz 节点中，并将标题设为外部节点（真是令人惊讶）
编辑现在它可以作为一个简单的命令\timeline{<Title>}{<tabular content>}
\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setsansfont[Ligatures=TeX]{Arial Narrow}
% ================================================================================
\usepackage{pgfplotstable,booktabs,colortbl,microtype,xparse,kantlipsum}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.8}
% ================================================================================
\NewDocumentCommand{\timeline}{m+m}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline,font=\sffamily]
\matrix[matrix of nodes,draw=yellow!40,ultra thick,inner sep=0pt,ampersand replacement=\&,nodes={anchor=center},row sep=-.5\pgflinewidth]{
|[font=\sffamily\bfseries,align=left,fill=yellow!25,text width={7cm},inner ysep=1.2ex]| \hspace{0.75em}#1\\ % Title node
|[inner xsep=0.5em,inner ysep=1.8ex,fill=yellow!8]|
{\pgfplotstabletypeset[ % Table inside the second row node
string type,
every odd row/.style={after row={\midrule}},
every even row/.style={after row={\midrule}},
every last row/.style={after row={}},
every head row/.style={output empty row},
display columns/0/.style={column type={@{}p{9mm}},postproc cell content/.style={@cell content=\textbf{####1}}},
display columns/1/.style={column type={p{5.3cm}@{}}},
col sep=ampersand, row sep=\\, header=false,
]{#2}}\\ % End of node, \\ is needed
}; % End of matrix node
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\begin{document}\sffamily
\kant[1-2]
\timeline{KEY EVENTS}{
1520 & Death of Raphael. His later works were\newline considered the beginning of Mannerism\\
1527 & Sack of Rome. Spreads Mannerism\newline across Italy and France\\
c.\thinspace1528 & Jacobo Pontomo finishes his \emph{Deposition}, a\newline Florentine altarpiece in the Mannerist style\\
1534--40 & Girolano Parmigiano paints \emph{The\newline Madonna of the Long Neck}\\
1541 & Birth of El Grego\\
}
\kant[3]
\timeline{BREAKING NEWS}{
16:55 & Nero is looking hot today\\
23:00 & Fire!! \\
05:55 & Smoke on the Water....\newline Fire in the sky!\\
}
\end{document}
答案2
它并不漂亮，但可能正是您想要的。黄色很难看清，但如果您将 MWE 设置为蓝色，困难就会变得更加明显。与您的方法的主要区别在于：
1）我使用了两个表格，一个用于标题，一个用于其余部分（这使我避免了multicolumn颜色问题）。
2）我将所有内容都包裹起来，\colorbox以避免行之间出现空白。
在此过程中，我必须用垂直修剪一个盒子\addvbuffer并扔进去一个\strut。
\documentclass[twocolumn,10pt]{article}
\usepackage{mathpazo,calc,tikz}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{array,booktabs,colortbl}
\usepackage{verbatimbox}
\color[gray]{.1}
\makeatletter
\newif\if@top
\@toptrue
\if@top \def\one{\leavevmode\par}\def\two{\vfill}\fi
\newif\if@center
\if@center\def\one{\vfill}\def\two{\vfill}\fi
\newif\if@bottom
\@bottomtrue
\if@bottom\def\one{\vfill}\def\two{}\fi
\makeatother
\newenvironment{timeline}[1][1534--40]{%
\one%
\long\def\Row##1##2{%\rowcolor{blue!8}[5pt][2pt]
\textbf{##1}&##2 \\ \midrule}%
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0pt}%
\arrayrulecolor{yellow!75}%
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1}%
\sffamily%
\noindent%
\newlength\templength%
\settowidth{\templength}{#1}%
\kern-2.5pt\addvbuffer[-3pt 1pt]{\colorbox{yellow!25}%
{\begin{tabular}{@{\hspace{-.5pt}}p{\columnwidth}}%
\bfseries KEY EVENTS%
\end{tabular}}}\\%
\addtolength{\templength}{1em}%
\begin{tabular}{p{\templength}%
p{\dimexpr\columnwidth-\templength%
%-2pt%
}}%
% \hline%
% \multicolumn{2}{>{\columncolor{yellow!25}%
% [3pt][3pt]%
% }l}{\bfseries KEY EVENTS}\\%
% \hline%
}%
{\end{tabular}%
\two\vspace{-6.5pt}%
}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1-5]
\newsavebox{\mytab}
\sbox{\mytab}{\colorbox{yellow!8}{\vbox{%
\begin{timeline}
\Row{1520}{Death of Raphael. His later works were considered the beginning of Mannerism}
\Row{1528}{Sack of Rome. Spreads Mannerism across Italy and France}
\Row{c.\thinspace1528}{Jacobo Pontomo finishes his \textit{Deposition}, a Florentine altarpiece in the Mannerist style}
\Row{1534--40}{Girolano Parmigiano paints \textit{The\newline Madonna of the Long Neck}}
\Row{1541}{Birth of El Grego}
\end{timeline}%
}}}
\vfill
\color{yellow!75}\fboxsep=-.25pt\relax\fbox{\usebox{\mytab}\strut}
\end{document}
答案3
虽然我的其他解决方案试图建立在您的 MWE 方法之上，但这个解决方案是从头开始开发的。tabular我没有使用解决方案，而是在这里使用了一个stackengine解决方案，即我开始在当前堆栈下方堆叠颜色\parboxes，从标题行开始。直到环境关闭后，堆栈才会输出。我相信编码比方法干净得多tabular。
该\Row宏现在采用一个可选参数，如果设置为x，则会阻止设置底线，该底线应用于最终条目。
我也用蓝色做了这个解决方案，因为我注意到在某些显示器上它比黄色更容易看到。显然，您需要将值重置blue为yellow以获得图形的方案。
为了更好地匹配您的字体，我添加的最后一个调整是将表格垂直拉伸 15%。如果您不喜欢它或者找到其他字体来替代，可以很容易地删除它。
\documentclass[twocolumn,10pt]{article}
\usepackage{mathpazo,calc,tikz}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{array,booktabs,colortbl}
\usepackage{scalerel}
\usepackage[usestackEOL]{stackengine}[2013-09-11]
\color[gray]{.1}
\makeatletter
\newif\if@top
\@toptrue
\if@top \def\one{\leavevmode\par}\def\two{\vfill}\fi
\newif\if@center
\if@center\def\one{\vfill}\def\two{\vfill}\fi
\newif\if@bottom
\@bottomtrue
\if@bottom\def\one{\vfill}\def\two{}\fi
\makeatother
\newcommand\Row{}
\newlength\templength%
\def\stackalignment{l}%
\newenvironment{timeline}[1][1534--40]{%
\one%
\sffamily%
\settowidth{\templength}{#1~~~}%
\renewcommand\Row[3][l]{%
\savestack{\anchorbox}{%
\stackunder[0pt]{\anchorbox}{\colorbox{blue!8}{%
\parbox{\columnwidth}{%
\makebox[\templength][l]{\textbf{##2}}%
\parbox[t]{\columnwidth-\templength}{\strut##3\strut}}}%
}%
}%
\if x##1\else%
\savestack{\anchorbox}{%
\stackunder[-3pt]{\anchorbox}{\colorbox{blue!8}{%
\color{black!75}\rule{\columnwidth}{.4pt}}%
}%
}%
\fi%
}%
\savestack{\anchorbox}{\colorbox{blue!25}%
{\parbox{\columnwidth}{\strut\bfseries KEY EVENTS}}}%
}%
{%
\fboxsep=0pt\relax%
\fboxrule=.4pt%
\noindent\kern-3pt\color{blue!75}\fbox{\vstretch{1.15}{\anchorbox}}%
\two%
}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1-5]
\begin{timeline}
\Row{1520}{Death of Raphael. His later works were considered the beginning of Mannerism}
\Row{1528}{Sack of Rome. Spreads Mannerism across Italy and France}
\Row{c.\thinspace1528}{Jacobo Pontomo finishes his \textit{Deposition}, a Florentine altarpiece in the Mannerist style}
\Row{1534--40}{Girolano Parmigiano paints \textit{The\newline Madonna of the Long Neck}}
\Row[x]{1541}{Birth of El Greco}
\end{timeline}%
\end{document}
