☰

使用 biblatex 对带有“von”前缀的名称进行排序和引用

tag-icon • tag-icon biblatex sorting
使用 biblatex 对带有“von”前缀的名称进行排序和引用

考虑一份作者为“van Beethoven, Ludwig”的文档。我想在正文中将其引用为“van Beethoven”，并在参考文献中将其列为“van Beethoven”。这可以通过 来实现useprefix=true。但是，我想在参考文献中将该条目列在“B”下而不是“v”下。在德国，这通常被认为是处理带有 von 和 van 前缀的名称的正确方法。我知道我可以通过向相关 BibTeX 条目添加 sortkey 字段来实现此行为，但自动解决方案当然是更好的选择。

答案1

我真的不擅长使用正则表达式，所以我怀疑很多人可以改进这一点。但有两种不同的方法：一种更“手动”的方法，对我来说更容易微调最终的排序方案；另一种更花哨的方法，如果您有许多van和von条目，其名称与其他人相同，则可能会造成严重破坏。（最坏的情况是有一个Ludwig Beethoven、Ludwig van Beethoven和Ludwig von Beethoven——不确定它是否会变得那么糟糕，但就是这样。）所以：

手动微调：

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[backend=biber,useprefix=true,style=authortitle]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}

\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}

@article{aaa,
  author =    {Adams, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under Adams},
  date =      1998,
}

@article{ccc,
  author =    {Curtius, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under Curtius},
  date =      1998,
}

@article{sss,
  author =    {Smith, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under Smith},
  date =      1998,
}

@article{www,
  author =    {Williams, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under Williams},
  date =      1998,
}

@article{van,
  author =    {van Beethoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under Beethoven},
  date =      1998,
}

@article{von,
  author =    {von Beethoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Another Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under Beethoven},
  date =      1999,
}

@article{nosort,
  author =    {van~Beethoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Another Title},
  journal =   {Don't Sort this One via DeclareSourceMap, thanks to the Tilde},
  date =      2001
}

@article{override,
  author =    {van Beethoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sortname is: ZZZ -- Will be Overwritten!},
  date =      2000,
  sortname =  {ZZZ},
}


@article{beethoven,
  author =    {Beethoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under Beethoven but
               before the von/van entries (to pinpoint final sort)},
  date =      1998,
}

@article{beZthoven,
  author =    {Bezthoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under BeZthoven (to pinpoint final sort)},
  date =      1998,
}

\end{filecontents*}

\DeclareSourcemap{%
  \maps[datatype=bibtex]{
    \map[overwrite=true]{
      \perdatasource{\jobname.bib}
      \step[fieldsource=author, final]
      \step[fieldset=sortname, origfieldval]
      \step[fieldsource=sortname,
            match=\regexp{van\s(Beethoven,)\s(Ludwig)*},
            replace={BeethovenY, Ludwig}]
      \step[fieldsource=sortname,
            match=\regexp{von\s(Beethoven,)\s(Ludwig)*},
            replace={BeethovenZ, Ludwig}]
    }% The disadvantage is clear: you need to add manual sorting
  }%   rules for each individual.  But the advantage is that it is
}%     easier to control the final sorting scheme


\begin{document}

\nocite{*}
\printbibliography

\end{document}

尝试巧妙地利用 REGEXP：

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[backend=biber,useprefix=true,style=authortitle]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}

\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
% well, just use the same entries as above
\end{filecontents}

\DeclareSourcemap{% 
  \maps[datatype=bibtex]{
    \map[overwrite=true]{
      \perdatasource{\jobname.bib}
      \step[fieldsource=author, final]
      \step[fieldset=sortname, origfieldval]
      \step[fieldsource=sortname,
            match=\regexp{(v.n)\s(\w+,)\s(\w+)*},
            replace={$2}]
    }% the problem: 'von' will be sorted before 'van' IFF the title
  }%   of the 'von' entry is alphabetically prior to the title of
}%     the 'van' entry. Worse(?): a regular 'Beethoven, Ludwig' will
%      also be sorted among the 'van's and 'von's based solely on their 
%      titles.


\begin{document}

\nocite{*}
\printbibliography

\end{document}

答案2

这是尝试扩展jon 的精彩回答以允许稍微更多的灵活性。

所有定义的标准排序方案都biblatex.def包含（在某个时候）以下行

\sort{
  \field{sortname}
  \field{author}
  \field{editor}
  \field{translator}
  \field{sorttitle}
  \field{title}
}

因此，在排序时，对于调用哪个名称字段似乎存在某种层次结构。顺序似乎是sortname > author > editor > translator。如果我们想完全自动从排序中剥离von/，van我们将不得不处理所有这些字段。

为了处理这些微妙的问题，定义一个新的名称字段用于内部排序似乎是一个不错的主意。（可能有更有效的方法来实现这一点，但这个方法似乎很自然，也很容易理解——这是我能想到的唯一方法）。

我们定义新的名称列表tempsortname。这可以通过以下两行轻松完成（将它们放入biblatex-dm.cfg或任何其他可以处理数据模型命令的文件中）。

\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=list, datatype=name]{tempsortname}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{tempsortname}

现在，我们将依次将上面层次结构中的名称字段从低到高 ( translator < editor < author) 复制到我们的tempsortname字段中。如果任何字段为空，则不会将其复制。在此映射步骤之后，tempsortname将保留层次结构中“最高”的非空字段 - 这并非完全巧合，与 biber 用于对条目进行排序的字段完全相同。

然后，我们通过正则表达式从中删除von/ 。（模式与字符串或匹配，当且仅当它出现在字段的开头 [如] 或前面至少有一个空格 [如] 后面至少有一个空格。）原始字段将不会更改，但会丢失前缀。vantempsortnamevanvonvan Beethoven, LudwigJohann Wolfgang von Goethetempsortname

如果尚未指定，则最后tempsortname复制到。因此，在此设置中，始终胜过我们的字段；考虑到实际上是，或（减去前缀），这正是标准排序将执行的操作。sortnamesortnamesortnametempsortnametempsortnameauthoreditortranslator

\DeclareSourcemap{% 
  \maps[datatype=bibtex]{
    \map[overwrite=true]{
      \step[fieldsource=translator]
      \step[fieldset=tempsortname, origfieldval]
      \step[fieldsource=editor]
      \step[fieldset=tempsortname, origfieldval]
      \step[fieldsource=author]
      \step[fieldset=tempsortname, origfieldval]
    }
    \map[overwrite=true]{
      \step[fieldsource=tempsortname, match=\regexp{(^|\s+)\Kv[a|o]n\s+}, replace={$1}]
    }
    \map[overwrite=false]{
      \step[fieldsource=tempsortname]
      \step[fieldset=sortname, origfieldval]
    }
  }
}

需要注意的是，在此解决方案中Ludwig Beethoven，Ludwig van Beethoven和Ludwig von Beethoven将被排序为同一个人，前缀将被完全忽略。这可能会导致（很可能是不希望的）以下情况

范·贝多芬，路德维希。标题 A。2000 年。

贝多芬，路德维希。标题 B。2000 年。

范·贝多芬，路德维希。标题 C。2000 年。

数学家

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[backend=biber,useprefix=true,style=authortitle]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}

\usepackage{filecontents}

\begin{filecontents*}{biblatex-dm.cfg}
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=list,datatype=name]{tempsortname}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{tempsortname}
\end{filecontents*}

\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}
@InCollection{brandt,
  author       = {von Brandt, Ahasver and Erich Hoffmann},
  editor       = {Ferdinand Seibt},
  title        = {Die nordischen L{\"a}nder von der Mitte des 11.~Jahrhunderts
                  bis 1448},
  date         = 1987,
  booktitle    = {Europa im Hoch- und Sp{\"a}tmittelalter},
  series       = {Handbuch der europ{\"a}ischen Geschichte},
  number       = 2,
  publisher    = {Klett-Cotta},
  location     = {Stuttgart},
  pages        = {884-917},
  hyphenation  = {german},
}

@Book{vangennep,
  author       = {van Gennep, Arnold},
  title        = {Les rites de passage},
  date         = 1909,
  publisher    = {Nourry},
  location     = {Paris},
  hyphenation  = {french},
}

@article{aaa,
  author =    {Adams, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under Adams},
  date =      1998,
}

@article{ccc,
  author =    {Curtius, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under Curtius},
  date =      1998,
}

@article{hhhh,
  author =    {Hoffmann, Bernd},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under Hoffmann},
  date =      1998,
}

@article{sss,
  author =    {Smith, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under Smith},
  date =      1998,
}

@article{www,
  author =    {Williams, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under Williams},
  date =      1998,
}

@article{van,
  author =    {van Beethoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under Beethoven},
  date =      1998,
}

@book{vonn,
  author =    {Johann Wolfgang von Goethe},
  editor =    {von Beethoven, Ludwig},
  subtitle =     {Another Title},
  title =   {Sort this one under Goethe},
  date =      1999,
}

@collection{von,
  editor =    {von Beethoven, Ludwig},
  subtitle =     {Another Title},
  title =   {Sort this one under Beethoven},
  date =      1999,
}

@article{nosort,
  author =    {van~Beethoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Another Title},
  journal =   {Don't Sort this One via DeclareSourceMap, thanks to the Tilde},
  date =      2001
}

@article{override,
  author =    {van Beethoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sortname is: ZZZ -- Will be Overwritten!},
  date =      2000,
  sortname =  {ZZZ},
}

@book{beeta,
  author =    {van Beethoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title A},
  date =      2000,
}

@book{beetb,
  author =    {Beethoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title B},
  date =      2000,
}

@book{beetc,
  author =    {van Beethoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title C},
  date =      2000,
}

@book{beetd,
  author =    {van Beethoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title D},
  date =      2000,
}

@article{beethoven,
  author =    {Beethoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under Beethoven but
               before the von/van entries (to pinpoint final sort)},
  date =      1998,
}

@article{beZthoven,
  author =    {Bezthoven, Ludwig},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Sort this one under BeZthoven (to pinpoint final sort)},
  date =      1998,
}

@article{mevon,
  author =    {Mevon, Peter},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Mr Mevon -- just to see that he does not get matched},
  date =      1998,
}

@article{vontong,
  author =    {Vontong, Jane},
  title =     {Title},
  journal =   {Mrs Vontong -- just to see that she does not get matched},
  date =      1998,
}

@book{somebook,
  author =    {Arnold von Uthor},
  editor =    {Edward von Ditor},
  translator = {Ted von Ranslator},
  title =     {Title},
  date =      1998,
}

@book{somebooktr,
  translator = {Ted von Ranslator},
  title =     {Title},
  date =      1998,
}

@book{uz,
  author = {James Uzambara},
  title =     {Sort under Uzambara},
  date =      2000,
}

\end{filecontents*}

\DeclareSourcemap{% 
  \maps[datatype=bibtex]{
    \map[overwrite=true]{
      \step[fieldsource=translator]
      \step[fieldset=tempsortname, origfieldval]
      \step[fieldsource=editor]
      \step[fieldset=tempsortname, origfieldval]
      \step[fieldsource=author]
      \step[fieldset=tempsortname, origfieldval]
    }
    \map[overwrite=true]{
      \step[fieldsource=tempsortname, match=\regexp{(^|\s+)\Kv[a|o]n\s+}, replace={$1}]
    }
    \map[overwrite=false]{
      \step[fieldsource=tempsortname]
      \step[fieldset=sortname, origfieldval]
    }
  }
}

\begin{document}
  \nocite{*}
  \printbibliography
\end{document}

相关内容