我收到一个 inputenc 错误。据我所知，这意味着我使用了一个未定义的字符。但是，我在文档中找不到该字符。我需要帮助来理解日志消息。以下是日志中似乎相关的部分：
...
Overfull \hbox (3.69263pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 167--174 \T1/cmtt/m/n/10 http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S021884300900205 1\T1/cmr/m/n/10 . []
[36] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 176--182 []\T1/cmr/m/n/10 Z. Lan-dau, O. Reid, and I. Yer-shov. A fair di-vi-sion so-lu - []
Underfull \hbox (badness 6893) in paragraph at lines 176--182 \T1/cmr/m/n/10 tion to the prob-lem of re-dis-trict-ing. \T1/cmr/m/it/10 So-ci al Choice and Wel- []
Underfull \hbox (badness 2809) in paragraph at lines 176--182 \T1/cmr/m/it/10 fare\T1/cmr/m/n/10 , 32(3):479--492, 2009. doi: 10.1007/s00355 -008-0336-6. URL []
! Package inputenc Error: Keyboard character used is undefined (inputenc) in inputencoding `latin9'.
See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. Type H <return> for immediate help. ... l.192 ...Fair division and collective welfare}} . You need to provide a definition with \DeclareInputText or \DeclareInputMath before using this key.
! Package inputenc Error: Keyboard character used is undefined (inputenc) in inputencoding `latin9'.
See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. Type H <return> for immediate help. ... l.192 ...Fair division and collective welfare}} . You need to provide a definition with \DeclareInputText or \DeclareInputMath before using this key.
Overfull \hbox (575.80292pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 191--196 \T1/cmtt/m/n/10 http://books.google.com/books?hl=iw&lr=&id=qQXtEnb2B2cC &oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=fair+division+incremental&ots=mAHSbq1bK7& sig=xmB3IOFf5gFGIxPQk_k7w3Roed8\T1/cmr/m/n/10 . []
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这里是另一个可能相关的部分 - 它是我的 BibTex 文件中的记录：
@book{Moulin2004Fair,
abstract = {{The concept of fair division is as old as civil society itself. Aristotle's "equal treatment of equals" was the first step toward a formal definition of distributive fairness. The concept of collective welfare, more than two centuries old, is a pillar of modern economic analysis. Reflecting fifty years of research, this book examines the contribution of modern microeconomic thinking to distributive justice. Taking the modern axiomatic approach, it compares normative arguments of distributive justice and their relation to efficiency and collective welfare. The book begins with the epistemological status of the axiomatic approach and the four classic principles of distributive justice: compensation, reward, exogenous rights, and fitness. It then presents the simple ideas of equal gains, equal losses, and proportional gains and losses. The book discusses three cardinal interpretations of collective welfare: Bentham's "utilitarian" proposal to maximize the sum of individual utilities, the Nash product, and the egalitarian leximin ordering. It also discusses the two main ordinal definitions of collective welfare: the majority relation and the Borda scoring method. The Shapley value is the single most important contribution of game theory to distributive justice. A formula to divide jointly produced costs or benefits fairly, it is especially useful when the pattern of externalities renders useless the simple ideas of equality and proportionality. The book ends with two versatile methods for dividing commodities efficiently and fairly when only ordinal preferences matter: competitive equilibrium with equal incomes and egalitarian equivalence. The book contains a wealth of empirical examples and exercises.
-
CONTENTS:
1 Microeconomic Foundations
3 Cardinal
6 Ordinal
14 Externalities and Fair Division9
15 Private versus Public Contracts13
16 Organization and Overview of ...15
17 Introduction to the Literature18
Fair Distribution21
22 A Simple Model of Fair Distri...27
23 Contested Garment Method37
24 Equal Sacrifice in Taxation41
25 SumFitness and Equality44
26 Introduction to the Literature51
Exercises to Chapter 252
Cardinal Welfarism63
32 Additive Collective Utility F...66
33 Egalitarianism and the Leximi...70
34 Comparing Classical Utilitari...76
35 Failures of Monotonicity81
36 Bargaining Compromise86
37 Introduction to the Literature95
Exercises to Chapter 396
Voting and Social Choice107
42 Condorcet versus Borda110
43 Voting over Resource Allocation116
44 SinglePeaked Preferences118
45 Intermediate Preferences122
46 Preference Aggregation and Ar...126
47 Introduction to the Literature130
Exercises to Chapter 4131
The Shapley Value139
Definition143
53 The Standalone Test and Stand...147
54 Standalone Surplus156
55 Axiomatizations of the Shaple...159
56 Introduction to the Literature162
Exercises to Chapter 5163
Managing the Commons169
62 Constant Returns to Scale173
Three Interpretations175
Decreasing Returns184
65 Increasing Returns190
66 Axiomatic Comparison of the T...199
67 Introduction to the Literature208
Exercises to Chapter 6209
Fair Trade and Fair Division221
72 Imperfect Competition228
73 Destructive Competition232
74 No Envy and the Assignment Pr...235
75 The CEEI and Egalitarian Equi...240
76 Axiomatics of Fair Division248
77 Introduction to the Literature251
Exercises to Chapter 7252
A Glossary of Definitions and Re...261
277 References}},
author = {Moulin, Herve},
citeulike-article-id = {12226526},
citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=iw\&\#38;lr=\&\#38;id=qQXtEnb2B2cC\&\#38;oi=fnd\&\#38;pg=PA1\&\#38;dq=fair+division+incremental\&\#38;ots=mAHSbq1bK7\&\#38;sig=xmB3IOFf5gFGIxPQk\_k7w3Roed8},
keywords = {externalities, fair-division, review, social-choice, voting},
posted-at = {2013-03-30 22:19:59},
priority = {5},
publisher = {MIT Press},
title = {{Fair division and collective welfare}},
url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=iw\&\#38;lr=\&\#38;id=qQXtEnb2B2cC\&\#38;oi=fnd\&\#38;pg=PA1\&\#38;dq=fair+division+incremental\&\#38;ots=mAHSbq1bK7\&\#38;sig=xmB3IOFf5gFGIxPQk\_k7w3Roed8},
year = {2004}
}
答案1
此类错误通常取决于原本不可见的字符。
继续执行方法并尝试隔离问题；在这种情况下，该消息出现两次，并且在两次情况下，错误消息都告诉您 TeX 正在读取
Fair division and collective welfare}}
这显然来自.bbl您报告的文件和参考书目项目。
因此，转到.bib文件并复制可能的罪魁祸首，检查是否存在不可见字符。
分析文本中不可见字符的一个好方法是将其粘贴到网页的上方框中Unicode 代码转换器并请求转换。以下是我得到的快照：
您可以在“Unicode U+hex 符号”框中看到U+200F问题最终出在哪里。不知何故，Unicode 字符“U+200F RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK”潜入其中。删除它（重新输入该行可能会发现必要）并重试。
为什么是两条消息？您使用的是 Latin-1，而 U+200F 的 UTF-8 表示形式是三个字节，即数字 226、128 和 143。在 Latin-1 中，字符 226 是 â，而 128 和 143 没有意义，因此它们各自都会引发错误。