我使用以下代码生成了下面的图形：
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz,xifthen}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows, decorations.text, decorations.markings, shapes, patterns, positioning, shapes.multipart, fit}
\begin{document}
\thispagestyle{empty} %Please, no page numbers or similar
\begin{figure}[Htbp]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=3]
\def\trainingSamples{0.17/0.76/2, 0.14/0.62/2, 0.23/0.63/2, 0.25/0.77/2, 0.11/0.68/2, 0.25/0.68/2, 0.16/0.68/2, 0.72/0.55/1, 0.68/0.46/1, 0.74/0.39/1, 0.82/0.53/1, 0.75/0.64/1, 0.81/0.40/1, 0.46/0.28/3, 0.33/0.28/3, 0.22/0.17/3, 0.22/0.24/3, 0.28/0.10/3, 0.31/0.19/3, 0.51/0.16/3, 0.37/0.12/3, 0.42/0.20/3, 0.49/0.24/3, 0.19/0.54/2, 0.31/0.58/2, 0.41/0.67/2, 0.35/0.75/2, 0.32/0.67/2, 0.28/0.85/2, 0.67/0.55/1, 0.70/0.63/1, 0.78/0.54/1, 0.66/0.36/1, 0.63/0.21/3, 0.70/0.29/1, 0.74/0.21/1, 0.62/0.46/1, 0.40/0.27/3, 0.39/0.17/3, 0.32/0.24/3}
\def\testSamples{0.14/0.71, 0.24/0.79, 0.23/0.60, 0.13/0.61, 0.11/0.49, 0.38/0.69, 0.27/0.71, 0.16/0.86, 0.06/0.67, 0.17/0.54, 0.33/0.79, 0.36/0.55, 0.92/0.65, 0.81/0.47, 0.30/0.28, 0.19/0.18, 0.40/0.12, 0.52/0.23, 0.23/0.10, 0.37/0.27 }
\def\blockSpace{.2}
\tikzset{Marker/.style={inner sep=0pt,minimum size=3pt}}
\tikzset{classMarker/.style={regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,Marker,minimum size=4pt}}
\tikzset{trainingMarker/.style={fill,circle,Marker}}
\tikzset{testMarker/.style={fill,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4,Marker,minimum size=4pt,teal}}
\tikzset{classAMarker/.style={rotate=0,classMarker,red}}
\tikzset{classBMarker/.style={rotate=-90,classMarker,violet}}
\tikzset{classCMarker/.style={rotate=180,classMarker,blue}}
\tikzset{textNode/.style={anchor=north,text width=3cm, align=center}}
\tikzset{lineTextNode/.style={bend left,anchor=south,text width=4cm, align=center}}
%\draw [help lines,step=.2] (-.5,-.5) grid (5,1.5);
%\draw [step=1] (-.5,-.5) grid (5,1.5);
\foreach \x/\y/\classID in \trainingSamples
\draw (\x,\y) node[trainingMarker]{};
\foreach \x/\y/\classID in \trainingSamples {
\ifthenelse{\classID = 1}
{ \draw (1+\blockSpace+\x,\y) node[fill,classAMarker]{};}
{\ifthenelse{\classID = 2}
{ \draw (1+\blockSpace+\x,\y) node[fill,classBMarker]{};}
{ \draw (1+\blockSpace+\x,\y) node[fill,classCMarker]{};}
}
}
\foreach \x/\y in \testSamples
\draw (2+2*\blockSpace+\x,\y) node[testMarker]{};
\draw (1+\blockSpace+.7225,.4612) node[draw,classAMarker,fill=white]{}
(1+\blockSpace+.2436,.6823) node[draw,classBMarker,fill=white]{}
(1+\blockSpace+.3818,.2057) node[draw,classCMarker,fill=white]{};
\draw (2+2*\blockSpace+.7225,.4612) node[draw,classAMarker,fill=white]{}
(2+2*\blockSpace+.2436,.6823) node[draw,classBMarker,fill=white]{}
(2+2*\blockSpace+.3818,.2057) node[draw,classCMarker,fill=white]{};
\begin{scriptsize}
\draw (.5,0) node[textNode]{Local features of training images}
(1.5+\blockSpace,0) node[textNode]{Clustered training \\ features}
(2.5+2*\blockSpace,0) node[textNode]{Local features of testing images }
(3.5+3*\blockSpace,0) node[textNode]{Normalized Bag-of-Features (BoF) }
;
\path[->,>=stealth',shorten >=1pt,auto,node distance=2.8cm,
semithick]
(.9,.85) edge [lineTextNode] node{Generate the dicctionary} +(.2+\blockSpace,0)
(1.9+\blockSpace,.85) edge [lineTextNode] node{Keyword assignation} +(.2+\blockSpace,0)
(2.9+2*\blockSpace,.85) edge [lineTextNode] node{Feature generation} +(.2+\blockSpace,0)
;
\end{scriptsize}
\draw (3.1+4*\blockSpace,.3) node[] (HistOrigin){};
\draw[->,>=stealth',shorten >=1pt,auto] (HistOrigin) +(-0.05,0) -- ++(-0.05,.6);
\draw[-|,shorten >=1pt,auto] (HistOrigin) +(-0.05,0) -- +(-0.05,.48);
\draw[-o,shorten >=1pt,auto] (HistOrigin) +(.1,0) -- +(.1,.5);
\draw[-|,shorten >=1pt,auto] (HistOrigin) +(-0.05,0) -- +(-0.05,.08);
\draw[-o,shorten >=1pt,auto] (HistOrigin) +(.3,0) -- +(.3,.1);
\draw[-|,shorten >=1pt,auto] (HistOrigin) +(-0.05,0) -- +(-0.05,.24);
\draw[-o,shorten >=1pt,auto] (HistOrigin) +(.5,0) -- +(.5,.26);
\begin{tiny}
\draw (HistOrigin) ++ (.1,-.045) node [draw,classAMarker,fill=white,anchor=center]{}
(HistOrigin) ++(.325,-.04) node [draw,classBMarker,fill=white,anchor=north]{}
(HistOrigin) ++(.5,-.065) node [draw,classCMarker,fill=white,anchor=north]{}
(HistOrigin) ++(-0.1,.08) node [anchor=east,inner sep=0pt]{$2$}
(HistOrigin) ++(-0.1,.24) node [anchor=east,inner sep=0pt]{$6$}
(HistOrigin) ++(-0.1,.48) node [anchor=east,inner sep=0pt]{$12$}
(HistOrigin) ++(0,.55) node [anchor=south west,inner sep=0pt] (histName){word occurrences}
;
\draw[] (HistOrigin) +(-0.05,0) --(HistOrigin -| histName.east);
\draw (3+3*\blockSpace,.08) node[ anchor=south west, align=center] (A) {Final feature}
node [draw,right=10pt of A,inner sep=0pt,minimum size=10pt] (B) {$.6$}
node [draw,right=-.5pt of B ,inner sep=0pt,minimum size=10pt] (C) {$.1$}
node [draw,right=-.5pt of C ,inner sep=0pt,minimum size=10pt] (D) {$.3$}
;
\end{tiny}
\end{tikzpicture}
\center
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzset{Marker/.style={inner sep=0pt,minimum size=3pt}}
\tikzset{classMarker/.style={regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,Marker,minimum size=4pt,anchor=center,fill}}
\tikzset{trainingMarker/.style={fill,circle,Marker}}
\tikzset{testMarker/.style={fill,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4,Marker,minimum size=4pt,teal}}
\tikzset{classAMarker/.style={rotate=0,classMarker,red}}
\tikzset{classBMarker/.style={rotate=-90,classMarker,violet}}
\tikzset{classCMarker/.style={rotate=180,classMarker,blue}}
\tikzset{textNode/.style={anchor=west}}
\def\spaceDist{10pt}
\def\spaceTokenDist{3pt}
\begin{tiny}
\draw node [ trainingMarker ] (A) {}
node [right=\spaceTokenDist of A,textNode] (An) {Training local feature}
node [right= \spaceDist of An, classAMarker ] (B) {}
node [right=\spaceTokenDist of B,textNode] (Bn) {Class A}
node [right=\spaceDist of Bn, classBMarker ] (C) {}
node [right=\spaceTokenDist of C,textNode] (Cn) {Class B}
node [right=\spaceDist of Cn, classCMarker ] (D) {}
node [right=\spaceTokenDist of D,textNode] (Dn) {Class C}
node [right=\spaceDist of Dn, testMarker ] (E) {}
node [right=\spaceTokenDist of E,textNode] (En) {Testing local feature}
node[draw,fit=(A) (En)]{}
;
\end{tiny}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
问题在于，用于不同类别的标记是彩色旋转三角形，即使从中心锚点旋转它们，在生成图例时，它们在使用定位时也不会垂直对齐。最重要的是，我无法将图例与图形中心水平对齐。我最好的尝试是使用另一个tikzpicture环境。但结果看起来仍然有偏移。
我也尝试过使用图例环境，例如这里但我不知道如何传递我正在使用的令牌。
答案1
这是 pgfplots 功能的快速演示，但您可以做更多。最重要的部分是如何轻松地重复使用数据（稍微修改了一下，去掉了逗号，并用 代替\\）
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{every crossref picture/.style={baseline={([yshift=-0.5ex]current bounding box.center)}}}
\usetikzlibrary{plotmarks}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.10}
\pgfplotstableread[row sep=\\,white space chars={/},format=inline]{0.17/0.76/2\\ 0.14/0.62/2\\ 0.23/0.63/2\\ 0.25/0.77/2\\ 0.11/0.68/2\\ 0.25/0.68/2\\ 0.16/0.68/2\\ 0.72/0.55/1\\ 0.68/0.46/1\\ 0.74/0.39/1\\ 0.82/0.53/1\\ 0.75/0.64/1\\ 0.81/0.40/1\\ 0.46/0.28/3\\ 0.33/0.28/3\\ 0.22/0.17/3\\ 0.22/0.24/3\\ 0.28/0.10/3\\ 0.31/0.19/3\\ 0.51/0.16/3\\ 0.37/0.12/3\\ 0.42/0.20/3\\ 0.49/0.24/3\\ 0.19/0.54/2\\ 0.31/0.58/2\\ 0.41/0.67/2\\ 0.35/0.75/2\\ 0.32/0.67/2\\ 0.28/0.85/2\\ 0.67/0.55/1\\ 0.70/0.63/1\\ 0.78/0.54/1\\ 0.66/0.36/1\\ 0.63/0.21/3\\ 0.70/0.29/1\\ 0.74/0.21/1\\ 0.62/0.46/1\\ 0.40/0.27/3\\ 0.39/0.17/3\\ 0.32/0.24/3\\}\mytable
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
\begin{axis}[hide axis,name=plot1,legend to name=lega]
\addplot[only marks] table[x index=0,y index=1]{\mytable};
\label{leg:lega}
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[name=plot2,at={(plot1.east)},
anchor=west,
hide axis,
scatter/classes={%
1={mark=triangle*,red},%
2={mark=triangle*,rotate=-90,violet},%
3={,rotate=180,mark=triangle*,blue}},
]
\addplot[scatter,only marks,scatter src=explicit]
table[x index=0,y index=1,meta index=2]{\mytable};
\label[1]{leg:leg1}
\label[2]{leg:leg2}
\label[3]{leg:leg3}
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[at={(plot2.east)},
anchor=west,
hide axis,
scatter/classes={%
1={opacity=0},%
2={mark=square*,violet},%
3={mark=square*,blue}}
]
\addplot[scatter,only marks,scatter src=explicit] table[x index=0,y index=1,meta index=2]{\mytable};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}\\
We started training with \ref{leg:lega} and then we got bored and put them next to each other
\ref{leg:leg1} and
\ref{leg:leg2} and
\ref{leg:leg3} and
\end{document}
