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绘制“斑点”

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf
绘制“斑点”

我想blobs使用 tikz 绘制表示集合的图表，即没有不同形状的对象（这是 的一个定义blob）。它不必专门使用 tikz：欢迎任何解决方案，它恰好是我所知道的在 LaTeX 中绘制图表的唯一方法。此外，我必须能够将commutative diagrams包含标准箭头等的绘图放进去，这就是我不得不使用 tikz 的原因。

无论如何，我想创作出如下这样的图画

截屏

我如何创建这些“通用形状”？

这是更符合我想要实现的结果的绘图。

截屏

中的弯曲线条X应该表示 中f所绘点在地图下方的逆像f(X)，其上的两个点是地图下方左边两个点的像alpha。

相关问题。

答案1

在此处输入图片描述

这是一个MWE与Asymptote，

// blobs.asy :
//
size(7cm);

import graph;
import patterns;

import fontsize;
defaultpen(fontsize(9pt));

texpreamble("\usepackage{lmodern}");

pen hatchPen=orange+0.4bp;
pen borderPen=deepblue+1bp;
pen arrPen=red+1bp;
pen areaBG=palegreen;

pair[] dots={
(25,280),
(60,280),
(25,140),
};

pair star=(60,137);

guide[] arrows={(25,265)--(25,160),
(60,265){dir(-90)}..(60,200)..(40,160),
};

guide[] markedArrows={
(150,280)--(200,280),
(150,140)--(200,140),
(360,240)--(360,200),
};

pair[] xArea={
(409,257),
(415,272),
(400,289),
(383,291),
(367,292),
(358,300),
(355,307),
(344,317),
(330,317),
(320,312),
(311,319),
(303,308),
(302,303),
(306,298),
(306,287),
(312,277),
(319,269),
(330,267),
(346,260),
(366,259),
};

pair[] xAreaInside={
(341,272),
(332,282),
(333,301),
(339,312),
(385,270),
};


pair[] yArea={
(379,35),
(398,36),
(422,39),
(453,52),
(468,63),
(484,86),
(478,107),
(453,110),
(426,111),
(393,129),
(361,149),
(349,157),
(335,157),
(323,173),
(303,173),
(283,153),
(267,134),
(266,113),
(280,100),
(297,93),
(313,82),
(329,64),
(341,45),
};


pair[] smallShArea={
(400,41),
(403,46),
(399,51),
(406,58),
(408,66),
(398,63),
(387,59),
(380,57),
(369,62),
(360,57),
(366,48),
(376,46),
(384,48),
};

pair[] bigShArea={
(380,74),
(390,83),
(396,99),
(389,111),
(376,115),
(358,123),
(340,130),
(326,144),
(307,151),
(295,146),
(295,140),
(299,129),
(304,119),
(321,116),
(334,107),
(348,87),
};


pair[] yAreaInside={
(315,136),
(370,97),
(436,85),
(460,82),
};

dot(dots,UnFill);

draw(arrows[0],arrPen,Arrow(HookHead,size=4));
draw(arrows[1],arrPen,Arrow(HookHead,size=4));


for(int i=0;i<markedArrows.length;++i){
  draw(markedArrows[i],arrPen,Arrow(HookHead,size=4));
}

filldraw(graph(xArea,operator..)..cycle,areaBG,borderPen);
draw(graph(xAreaInside[0:4],operator..),borderPen);

dot(xAreaInside[1:3],UnFill);
label("$X$",xAreaInside[4]);

filldraw(graph(yArea,operator..)..cycle,areaBG,borderPen);

guide gsmallShArea=graph(smallShArea,operator..)..cycle; 
guide gbigShArea=graph(bigShArea,operator..)..cycle; 

add("hatch",hatch(1mm,hatchPen));
fill(gsmallShArea,pattern("hatch"));
fill(gbigShArea,pattern("hatch"));

draw(gsmallShArea,borderPen);
draw(gbigShArea,borderPen);

dot(yAreaInside[0],UnFill);
label("$f(X)$",yAreaInside[1]);
label("*",yAreaInside[2]);
label("Y",yAreaInside[3]);

label("$\alpha$",markedArrows[0],N);
label("$\beta$",markedArrows[1],N);
label("$f$",markedArrows[2],E);

label("*",star);

要获得独立的blobs.pdf，运行asy -f pdf blobs.asy，它将自动运行pdflatex来排版标签。

答案2

这应该可以让你开始使用。你可以使用tikz和hobby库来绘制斑点。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{hobby}    
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
%% Blob
\path[draw,use Hobby shortcut,closed=true]
(0,0) .. (.5,1) .. (1,3) .. (.3,4) .. (-1,2) .. (-1,.5);
\begin{scope}[xshift=4cm]
\draw (0,0) to [quick curve through={(0,0) (.5,1) .. (1,3) .. (.3,4) .. (-1,2)}] (0,0) ;
\end{scope}
%% Curvy line using hobby
\path[draw,-stealth,use Hobby shortcut,closed=false]
(-1.5,0) .. (-2.2,-2.2) .. (-2.8,-3);
\draw[xshift=-.5cm,-stealth] (-1.5,0) to [quick curve through={(-2.2,-2.2)}] (-2.8,-3) ;
%% Cury line without hobby
\path[draw,xshift=.5cm]
(-1.5,0) edge[out=-95,in=45,-stealth] (-2.8,-3);
\path[draw,xshift=1cm,-stealth]
(-1.5,0) to[out=-95,in=45] (-2.8,-3);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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