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如何使用 TikZ 填充指定区域

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf path-clipping
如何使用 TikZ 填充指定区域

我想要填充 TikZ 绘图中某些形状的部分区域（在下图中标记为“此处”）：

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage[tikz]{bclogo}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,backgrounds,calc,arrows}
\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[axis/.style={very thick, ->, >=stealth'}]
    % axis
        \draw[axis] (9,2.5)  -- (13.5,2.5) node(xline)[right]
            {$x_N$};
        \draw[axis] (11.25,0.5) -- (11.25,4.5) node(yline)[above] {$\hat{x}_N$};
         
    \draw[->, ultra thick](7,2.5) -- (8.5,2.5);    
    \draw [very thick] plot [smooth cycle] coordinates {(2,4) (5,3) (2,0.5) (1,1.75) (1,4) };
    %\draw[very thick] (0.5,3) to [ curve through ={(5.5,2) . . ( 3,0.25) . . (1,0.25) }]( 0.5,3 ) ;
    
    \draw[dashed, very thick] (11.25,2.5) ellipse (1cm and 1.5cm);
    \draw[dashed, very thick] (5,3) ellipse (1.5cm and 1cm);
    \draw[step=0.25cm,gray,very thin] (0,0) grid (15,5);
    \node (a) at (4,3) {Here};
    \node (b) at (11.7,3) {Here};
    \node (a) at (11.7,2) {Here};
    
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

我怎样才能实现这个目标？

答案1

这就是你想要的吗？这里scope使用了环境。请注意，clip命令必须包含在scope环境中才能限制剪辑的效果。如果没有scope环境，剪辑效果将持续到代码结束。

在此处输入图片描述

代码

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage[tikz]{bclogo}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,backgrounds,calc,arrows,patterns}
\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[axis/.style={very thick, ->, >=stealth'}]
    % axis
        \draw[axis] (9,2.5)  -- (13.5,2.5) node(xline)[right]
            {$x_N$};
        \draw[axis] (11.25,0.5) -- (11.25,4.5) node(yline)[above] {$\hat{x}_N$};
    \draw[->, ultra thick](7,2.5) -- (8.5,2.5);  
\begin{scope}
\draw [very thick] plot [smooth cycle] coordinates {(2,4) (5,3) (2,0.5) (1,1.75) (1,4) }; 
\clip (5,3) ellipse (1.5cm and 1cm);
 \draw [fill=red,very thick] plot [smooth cycle] coordinates {(2,4) (5,3) (2,0.5) (1,1.75) (1,4) };
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\draw [dashed,very thick] (11.25,2.5) ellipse (1cm and 1.5cm);
\clip (11.25,2.5) ellipse (1cm and 1.5cm);
\fill [red] (11.25,0) rectangle (15,5);
\end{scope}
    \draw[dashed, very thick] (5,3) ellipse (1.5cm and 1cm);
    \draw[step=0.25cm,gray,very thin] (0,0) grid (15,5);
    \node (a) at (4,3) {Here};
    \node (b) at (11.7,3) {Here};
    \node (a) at (11.7,2) {Here};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

编辑：使用patterns来自 tikzlibrary 并输入pattern=crosshatch dots选项fill/draw，可以得到

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

这是一个使用非零规则和奇偶规则填充路径的解决方案。我所做的就是使用这些命令调整您的代码。它可以做得更干净。此外，您应该使用范围来分组项目。

这个例子主要是为了展示用非零和奇偶规则可以做什么。

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage[tikz]{bclogo}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,backgrounds,calc,arrows}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[axis/.style={very thick, ->, >=stealth'}]

%note the inversion of the plot points. This is to make the nonzero rule
%work properly on this path    
\fill [nonzero rule,blue,postaction={even odd rule,fill=white}]
         plot [smooth cycle] coordinates {(1,4)(1,1.75)(2,0.5)(5,3)(2,4)}
         (5,3) ellipse (1.5cm and 1cm);

\draw [blue,very thick] plot [smooth cycle] coordinates {(2,4) (5,3) (2,0.5) (1,1.75) (1,4) };
\draw[red,dashed, very thick] (5,3) ellipse (1.5cm and 1cm);
\fill[gray] (11.25,2.5) ellipse (1cm and 1.5cm);


\fill[even odd rule,white]
        (11.25,2.5) ellipse (1cm and 1.5cm)
        (11.25,0.5) rectangle (13.25,4.5);
    \draw[dashed, very thick] (11.25,2.5) ellipse (1cm and 1.5cm);

\draw[->, ultra thick](7,2.5) -- (8.5,2.5);    

% axis
    \draw[axis] (9,2.5)  -- (13.5,2.5) node(xline)[right]
        {$x_N$};
    \draw[axis] (11.25,0.5) -- (11.25,4.5) node(yline)[above] {$\hat{x}_N$};


\draw[step=0.25cm,gray,very thin] (0,0) grid (15,5);
\node (a) at (4,3) {Here};
\node (b) at (11.7,3) {Here};
\node (a) at (11.7,2) {Here};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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