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如何让宽长的表格适合页面？

tag-icon • tag-icon tables longtable width excel
如何让宽长的表格适合页面？

我是 LaTeX 新手，使用宏将 Excel 中的表格复制到 TeXShop (mac) 中。我将其设置为 longtable，因为它跨越两页，但就宽度而言，表格不合适。另外，我可以在哪里插入和\label命令\caption？

以下是我使用的代码：

  \documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report}

    \title{}
        \author{}
        \date{}

    %This introduces packages that will be used in the text 
    \usepackage{longtable}
    \usepackage{graphicx}
    \usepackage{url}
    \usepackage{float}
    \usepackage{siunitx}
    % lscape.sty Produce landscape pages in a (mainly) portrait document.
    \usepackage{lscape}

    %This sets new commands/shortcuts that can be used
    \newcommand{\ecoli}{\emph{Escherichia coli }}
    \newcommand{\PCMX}{Chloroxylenol }
    \newcommand{\potperm}{Potassium Permanganate}
    \newcommand{\mhagar}{Mueller-Hinton Agar}
    \newcommand{\sulfuricacid}{H$_2$SO$_4$}

\begin{landscape}
\subsection{Blank Data Tables}
%Table generated by macro in TeXShop by copy-pasting table from Excel

\begin{longtable}{lllllllll}
No. & Juice & Loc. & Samp.No. & Dettol /mm$\pm$0.05 & Ethanol /mm$\pm$0.05 & 2M \sulfuricacid /mm$\pm$0.05 & H$^+$/KMnO$_4$ /mm$\pm$0.05 & Control/mm$\pm$0.05 \\
\endfirsthead
No. & Juice & Loc. & Samp.No. & Dettol /mm$\pm$0.05 & Ethanol /mm$\pm$0.05 & 2M \sulfuricacid /mm$\pm$0.05 & H$^+$/KMnO$_4$ /mm$\pm$0.05 & Control/mm$\pm$0.05 \\
\endhead
\multicolumn{9}{r}{{Continued\ldots}} \
\endfoot
\hline
\endlastfoot

1 & Sugarcane & 1 & 1 \\
2 & Sugarcane & 1 & 2 \\
3 & Sugarcane & 1 & 3 \\
4 & Sugarcane & 1 & 4 \\
5 & Sugarcane & 1 & 5 \\
6 & Orange & 1 & 1 \\
7 & Orange & 1 & 2 \\
8 & Orange & 1 & 3 \\
9 & Orange & 1 & 4 \\
10 & Orange & 1 & 5 \\
11 & Carrot & 1 & 1 \\
12 & Carrot & 1 & 2 \\
13 & Carrot & 1 & 3 \\
14 & Carrot & 1 & 4 \\
15 & Carrot & 1 & 5 \\
16 & Sugarcane & 2 & 1 \\
17 & Sugarcane & 2 & 2 \\
18 & Sugarcane & 2 & 3 \\
19 & Sugarcane & 2 & 4 \\
20 & Sugarcane & 2 & 5 \\
21 & Orange & 2 & 1 \\
22 & Orange & 2 & 2 \\
23 & Orange & 2 & 3 \\
24 & Orange & 2 & 4 \\
25 & Orange & 2 & 5 \\
26 & Carrot & 2 & 1 \\
27 & Carrot & 2 & 2 \\
28 & Carrot & 2 & 3 \\
29 & Carrot & 2 & 4 \\
30 & Carrot & 2 & 5 \\
31 & Sugarcane & 3 & 1 \\
32 & Sugarcane & 3 & 2 \\
33 & Sugarcane & 3 & 3 \\
34 & Sugarcane & 3 & 4 \\
35 & Sugarcane & 3 & 5 \\
36 & Orange & 3 & 1 \\
37 & Orange & 3 & 2 \\
38 & Orange & 3 & 3 \\
39 & Orange & 3 & 4 \\
40 & Orange & 3 & 5 \\
41 & Carrot & 3 & 1 \\
42 & Carrot & 3 & 2 \\
43 & Carrot & 3 & 3 \\
44 & Carrot & 3 & 4 \\
45 & Carrot & 3 & 5 \\

\end{longtable}
\end{landscape}
\end{document}

答案1

关于表格大小，您可以将单位和错误放在第二行，方法是创建表格标题的第二行，如下所示：

No. & Juice & Loc. & Samp.No. & Dettol      & Ethanol     & 2M \sulfuricacid & H$^+$/KMnO$_4$ & Control \\
    &       &      &          & mm$\pm0.05$ & mm$\pm$0.05 & mm$\pm$0.05      & mm$\pm$0.05    & mm$\pm$0.05\\

或者使用\shortstack，如下所示：

No. & Juice & Loc. & Samp.No. & \shortstack{Dettol\\mm$\pm$0.05} & \shortstack{Ethanol\\mm$\pm$0.05} & \shortstack{2M \sulfuricacid\\mm$\pm$0.05} & \shortstack{H$^+$/KMnO$_4$\\mm$\pm$0.05} & \shortstack{Control\\mm$\pm$0.05} \\

and可以放在环境\caption的\label开头（在这种情况下，不要忘记\\后面的\caption）或结尾longtable，就像通常使用tableor一样figure。换句话说，

\begin{longtable}{lllllllll}
\caption{...}\label{...}\\
...

或者

...
\caption{...}\label{...}
\end{longtable}

希望能帮助到你 ：）

答案2

/mm$\pm0.05$如果我理解您的设置正确的话，您有五列，其单位以(并且您可能会使用包S的列类型)来衡量siunitx。您可以将有关常用单位的信息移动到第二行，通过跨越数据列的 将此信息绑定到五个数据列\cmidrule。

下图仅显示表格的标题和前几行，为了使其更易于阅读，故意没有旋转 90 度转换为横向格式。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage{longtable,lscape,siunitx} % load just the packages needed for this MWE

    %This sets new commands/shortcuts that can be used
    \newcommand{\ecoli}{\emph{Escherichia coli }}
    \newcommand{\PCMX}{Chloroxylenol }
    \newcommand{\potperm}{Potassium Permanganate}
    \newcommand{\mhagar}{Mueller-Hinton Agar}
    \newcommand{\sulfuricacid}{H$_2$SO$_4$}

\usepackage{booktabs} % for \toprule, \midrule, \cmidrule, and \bottomrule macros

\begin{document}
\begin{landscape}
\subsection{Blank Data Tables}
%Table generated by macro in TeXShop by copy-pasting table from Excel

\begin{longtable}{llll *{5}{S[table-format=3.2]}} % set 'table-format' to suit your needs
\toprule
No. & Juice & Loc. & Samp.~No. & 
{Dettol}  & {Ethanol}  & {2M \sulfuricacid}  & {H$^+$/KMnO$_4$}  & {Control} \\
\cmidrule(l){5-9}
&&&& \multicolumn{5}{c}{[ /mm $\pm 0.05$ ]}\\
\midrule
\endhead
\midrule[\heavyrulewidth]
\multicolumn{9}{r@{}}{Continued \ldots} \\
\endfoot
\bottomrule
\endlastfoot

1 & Sugarcane & 1 & 1 \\
2 & Sugarcane & 1 & 2 \\
3 & Sugarcane & 1 & 3 \\
4 & Sugarcane & 1 & 4 \\
5 & Sugarcane & 1 & 5 \\
6 & Orange & 1 & 1 \\
7 & Orange & 1 & 2 \\
8 & Orange & 1 & 3 \\
9 & Orange & 1 & 4 \\
10 & Orange & 1 & 5 \\
11 & Carrot & 1 & 1 \\
12 & Carrot & 1 & 2 \\
13 & Carrot & 1 & 3 \\
14 & Carrot & 1 & 4 \\
15 & Carrot & 1 & 5 \\
16 & Sugarcane & 2 & 1 \\
17 & Sugarcane & 2 & 2 \\
18 & Sugarcane & 2 & 3 \\
19 & Sugarcane & 2 & 4 \\
20 & Sugarcane & 2 & 5 \\
21 & Orange & 2 & 1 \\
22 & Orange & 2 & 2 \\
23 & Orange & 2 & 3 \\
24 & Orange & 2 & 4 \\
25 & Orange & 2 & 5 \\
26 & Carrot & 2 & 1 \\
27 & Carrot & 2 & 2 \\
28 & Carrot & 2 & 3 \\
29 & Carrot & 2 & 4 \\
30 & Carrot & 2 & 5 \\
31 & Sugarcane & 3 & 1 \\
32 & Sugarcane & 3 & 2 \\
33 & Sugarcane & 3 & 3 \\
34 & Sugarcane & 3 & 4 \\
35 & Sugarcane & 3 & 5 \\
36 & Orange & 3 & 1 \\
37 & Orange & 3 & 2 \\
38 & Orange & 3 & 3 \\
39 & Orange & 3 & 4 \\
40 & Orange & 3 & 5 \\
41 & Carrot & 3 & 1 \\
42 & Carrot & 3 & 2 \\
43 & Carrot & 3 & 3 \\
44 & Carrot & 3 & 4 \\
45 & Carrot & 3 & 5 \\
\end{longtable}
\end{landscape}
\end{document}

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