等式中的简单换行符

Question

我正在尝试在一系列定义的矩阵中间换行。代码如下：

\begin{equation}
I = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix},
X = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix},
Y = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & \imath \\ -\imath & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \\ 
Z = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{pmatrix},
H = \frac{1}{\sqrt2}\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & -1 \end{pmatrix},
S = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & \imath \end{pmatrix}.
\end{equation}

然而矩阵都出现在一行中。

Answer 1

详细说明 Argos 的建议。在这种情况下，我会使用

\begin{gather*}
I = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}, \quad
X = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \quad
Y = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & \imath \\ -\imath & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \\ 
Z = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{pmatrix}, \quad
H = \frac{1}{\sqrt2}\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & -1 \end{pmatrix}, \quad
S = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & \imath \end{pmatrix}.
\end{gather*}

没有编号，空间更好

对齐和单个数字

\begin{gather}
\begin{aligned}
I &= \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix},  
  & % seperation
X &= \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, 
  &
Y &= \begin{pmatrix} 0 & \imath \\ -\imath & 0 \end{pmatrix}, 
 \\ 
Z &= \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{pmatrix}, 
  &
H &= \frac{1}{\sqrt2}\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & -1 \end{pmatrix}, 
  &
S &= \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & \imath \end{pmatrix}.
\end{aligned}
\end{gather}

amsmath详情请参阅手册

这两个示例如下所示：

Answer 2

尝试使用多行方程align包AMS-math，这容易得多。

\begin{align}
I = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix},
X = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix},
Y = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & \imath \\ -\imath & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \\ 
Z = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{pmatrix},
H = \frac{1}{\sqrt2}\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & -1 \end{pmatrix},
S = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & \imath \end{pmatrix}.
\end{align}