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我的个人 TikZ 模板可以轻松更改

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我的个人 TikZ 模板可以轻松更改

每次我需要绘制一个简单的函数（例如抛物线）时，我都会使用一个自制的 TikZ 模板：

\documentclass{minimal}
 \usepackage{pgfplots}
 \pgfplotsset{/pgf/number format/use comma,compat=newest}
 \pagestyle{empty}
 \newcommand{\mygrid}{\draw [color=lightgray,dash pattern=on 2pt off 2pt,xstep=1.0cm,ystep=1.0cm] (-4.5,-4.5) grid (4.5,4.5);}
 \newcommand{\Xaxis}{ \draw [->] (-4.5,0) -- (4.5,0) node [above] {$x$};\foreach \x in {-4,-3,-2,-1,1,2,3,4}\draw[shift={(\x,0)},color=black] (0pt,2pt) -- (0pt,-2pt) node[below] {$\scriptstyle\x$};}
 \newcommand{\Yaxis}{ \draw [->] (0,-4.5) -- (0,4.5) node [left]  {$y$};\foreach \y in {-4,-3,-2,-1,1,2,3,4}\draw[shift={(0,\y)},color=black] (2pt,0pt) -- (-2pt,0pt) node[left]  {$\scriptstyle\y$};}
 \begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex]
   \mygrid
   \Xaxis
   \Yaxis
   \clip(-4.5,-4.5) rectangle (4.5,4.5);
   \draw [very thick,blue,smooth,domain=-4.5:4.5] plot (\x,{(\x)^2-2*\x-3});
  \end{tikzpicture}
 \end{document}

如您所见，图形的绘制和裁剪范围是 x 轴和 y 轴的 -4.5 到 4.5。

如果我需要扩大或缩小绘图范围，我必须手动操作。有没有比“查找和替换”更简单的方法？

我有个主意：

\newcommand{\myplot}[2]{\mygrid\Xaxis\Yaxis}

但我知道我\foreach肯定会在副本中遇到麻烦。

答案1

我建议使用 PGFPlots 包（您已经加载了）。它使代码更易于维护：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    axis equal image,
    max space between ticks=20, % This is one way of getting a tick for every integer
    ticklabel style={font=\scriptsize},
    axis lines = middle,
    xmin=-4.5, xmax=4.5, % The range over which the x axis is drawn
    ymin=-4.5, ymax=4.5, % The range over which the y axis is drawn
    domain=-4:4,         % The range over which the function is evaluated
    grid=both,
    xlabel=$x$, ylabel=$y$
]
 \addplot [very thick, blue, smooth] {x^2-2*x-3};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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