答案1
大蓝色箭头可以用 TikZ 库制作shapes.symbols
:chains
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.symbols,chains}
\tikzset{big blue/.style={signal, text=white, fill=blue, font=\sffamily, minimum height=7mm, minimum width=3.5cm},
my label/.style={fill=violet,circle, text=white, yshift=1pt}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[start chain, node distance=0pt]
\node[on chain, big blue, signal to=east, label={[my label]above:{1}}]{Geometry};
\node[on chain, big blue, signal to=east, signal from=west, label={[my label]above:{2}}]{Preprocess};
\node[on chain, big blue, signal to=east, signal from=west, label={[my label]above:{3}}]{Solve};
\node[on chain, big blue, signal to=east, signal from=west, label={[my label]above:{4}}]{Postprocess};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}