防止 TikZ 树文本与后面的行重叠

Question

我正在尝试使用 TikZ 创建家谱。我的家谱可以正常工作，但每个节点上的文本太长，与后面的行重叠（例如下面的“我的家谱”、“父亲的母亲”和“父亲的父亲”）。有办法解决这个问题吗？

平均能量损失

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{calc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{trees}

\begin{document}
\newlength\treeheight
\setlength{\treeheight}{\textheight-2cm}
\begin{tikzpicture}[grow=right,anchor=west,
  every node/.style={},
  level 1/.style={sibling distance=\treeheight/2},
  level 2/.style={sibling distance=\treeheight/4},
  level 3/.style={sibling distance=\treeheight/8}]
  % parents
  \node {My Family Tree}[edge from parent fork right]
    child { node {Father}
      child{ node {Paternal Gfather}
        child{ node {Paternal GGfather}}
        child{ node {Paternal GGmother}}
      }
      child{ node {Paternal Gmother}
        child{ node {Maternal GGfather}}
        child{ node {Maternal GGmother}}
      }
    }
    child { node {Mother}
      child{ node {Maternal Gfather}}
      child{ node {Maternal Gmother}}
    }

  ;
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 1

MWE 中的level distance是父节点中心与子节点左锚点之间的距离。如果有多个子节点，则边缘在 的一半处分割level distance。这就是为什么如果节点文本的 (一半) 比 长，线条会与文本重叠的原因level distance。

使用parent anchor=east和growth parent anchor=east是level distance父节点和子节点边界之间的距离。

为了避免水平盒过满，我level distance在以下示例中将 减小到 0.5cm。如果不需要观察，\textwidth您可以删除此更改。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{calc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{trees}


\begin{document}
\newlength\treeheight
\setlength{\treeheight}{\textheight-2cm}
\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}[
  grow=right,
  anchor=west,
  growth parent anchor=east, % added code
  parent anchor=east, % added code
  level distance=0.5cm, % added code (not necessary)
  level 1/.style={sibling distance=\treeheight/2},
  level 2/.style={sibling distance=\treeheight/4},
  level 3/.style={sibling distance=\treeheight/8}]
  % parents
  \node {My Family Tree}[edge from parent fork right]
    child { node {Father}
      child{ node {Paternal Gfather}
        child{ node {Paternal GGfather}}
        child{ node {Paternal GGmother}}
      }
      child{ node {Paternal Gmother}
        child{ node {Maternal GGfather}}
        child{ node {Maternal GGmother}}
      }
    }
    child { node {Mother}
      child{ node {Maternal Gfather}}
      child{ node {Maternal Gmother}}
    }

  ;
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

要垂直对齐叉子，请在图片选项中添加align=center或align=left（它对齐节点中的文本），并将级别样式更改为

  level 1/.style={sibling distance=\treeheight/2,text width=\widthof{Mother}},
  level 2/.style={sibling distance=\treeheight/4,text width=\widthof{GGmother}},
  level 3/.style={sibling distance=\treeheight/8}]

此外还节省了水平空间。

Answer 2

作为TikZ树的替代品，你可以使用forest无需再考虑计算节点之间的距离问题。该软件包可以帮您完成这些工作。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{forest}

\begin{document}
\begin{forest}
   for tree={grow=0,parent anchor=east, child anchor=west, edge path={\noexpand\path[\forestoption{edge}] (\forestOve{\forestove{@parent}}{name}.parent anchor)-- +(0:2mm)|-(\forestove{name}.child anchor)\forestoption{edge label};}}
  [My Family Tree
    [father 
        [Paternal Gfather 
                [Paternal GGfather] 
                [Paternal GGmother]] 
        [Paternal Gmother 
                [Maternal GGfather] 
                [Maternal GGmother]]]
    [mother 
        [Maternal Gfather]
        [Maternal Gmother]]] 
  \end{forest}
\end{document}

Answer 3

level distance尝试在你的级别设置中添加：

level 1/.style={sibling distance=\treeheight/2,level distance=\treeheight/6},
level 2/.style={sibling distance=\treeheight/4,level distance=\treeheight/8},
level 3/.style={sibling distance=\treeheight/8,level distance=\treeheight/4}]