![使用 tikz 绘制半球](https://linux22.com/image/294278/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%20tikz%20%E7%BB%98%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8A%E7%90%83.png)
有人能帮我用 tikz 绘图吗?我想用 tikz 绘制下面的图形,但我不知道从哪里开始。我检查了使用“球”给出的示例,但我找不到任何与半球有关的内容。
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw [dashed] (0,0) arc (180:0:4 and 2) ;
\draw (0,0) arc (180:360:4 and 2) ;
\draw [dashed] (0,0.5) arc (180:0:3.95 and 2) ;
\draw (0,0.5) arc (180:360:3.95 and 2) ;
\draw (0,0) arc (180:0:4 and 4);
\draw (5.5, 1.5) circle (1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案1
以下是我的看法。这是一个简单的手绘并且没有数学正确的绘图。它更像是一个带有伪 3d 代码的 POC,并且许多代码可以编写得更复杂。只需将其作为完成您工作的一些额外想法即可。
\documentclass[tikz, border=6mm]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
% base circle
\draw (-4,0) arc (180:360:4 and 1);
\draw [dashed] (-4,0) arc (180:0:4 and 1);
% circle above base circle
\draw (-3.95,.5) arc (180:360:3.95 and 1);
\draw [dashed] (-3.95,.5) arc (180:0:3.95 and 1);
% hemisphere
\draw (-4,0) arc (180:0:4 and 4);
% circle on hemisphere and point in it
\draw (2,2) circle (1);
\draw (2,2) node [circle, fill=black, inner sep=.05cm, label={[label distance=-.25cm]95:$F_1xL$}] (dot) {};
% rectangles at zero
\draw (0,0,0) -- ++(0,-.5,-.5) -- ++(0,.5,0) -- ++(0,.5,.5) -- cycle;
\draw (0,0) -- ++(-.5,0) -- ++(0,.5) -- ++(.5,0) -- cycle;
% x and spanning xi
\draw [thick, dashed] (0,0) -- ++(-5,0);
\draw [thick] (0,0) -- ++(172.5:5cm);
% y
\draw [thick, dashed] (0,0) -- ++(0,5);
% z
\draw [thick, dashed] (0,0,0) -- ++(0,-2.5,-2.5);
% lines spanning angle alpha
\draw [thick] (0,0) -- ++(45:5cm);
\draw [thick] (0,0) -- ++(30:5cm);
% angle labels
\draw [red, thick, <->] (0,0) ++(172.5:4.5cm) arc (172.5:180:4.5cm) node [midway, left] () {$\xi$};
\draw [red, thick, <->] (0,0) ++(30:4.5cm) arc (30:45:4.5cm) node [midway, above right] () {$\alpha$};
\draw [red, thick, <->] (0,0) ++(90:1.5cm) arc (90:45:1.5cm) node [midway, above] () {$\theta h$};
% other labels
\draw (0,-.75) node () {$F_2xL$};
\draw (-1,2) node () {L};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}