编译失败，报告了一些问题biber（见下文），这是论文文件的一部分：
日志文件片段
...
Package biblatex Warning: Biber reported the following issues
(biblatex) with 'malfertheiner_acute_2011':
(biblatex) - Range field 'pages' in entry 'malfertheiner_acute_2
011' is malformed, skipping.
Package biblatex Warning: Biber reported the following issues
(biblatex) with 'akdis_interleukins_2011':
(biblatex) - Range field 'pages' in entry 'akdis_interleukins_20
11' is malformed, skipping.
Package biblatex Warning: Biber reported the following issues
(biblatex) with 'cosmi_identification_2010':
(biblatex) - Range field 'pages' in entry 'cosmi_identification_
2010' is malformed, skipping.
)
Runaway argument?
{Fisher-Rao linear discriminant analysis ({LDA)} is a valuable tool f\ETC.
! File ended while scanning use of \field.
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l.197 \begin{document}
.bib文件中提到的引用片段
@article{malfertheiner_acute_2011,
title = {Acute infection with a {CagA} positive \textit{H. pylori} strain in healthy subjects -- effect on symptoms and gastric physiology},
volume = {140},
issn = {0016-5085},
url = {http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(11)60352-1/abstract},
doi = {10.1016/S0016-5085(11)60352-1},
abstract = {No abstract is available. To read the body of this article, please view the {PDF} online.},
pages = {S-86-S-86},
number = {5},
journaltitle = {Gastroenterology},
shortjournal = {Gastroenterology},
author = {Malfertheiner, Peter and Selgrad, Michael and Wex, Thomas and Del Giudice, Giuseppe and Palla, Emanuela and Graham, David and Heaton, Penny M.},
urldate = {2014-04-21},
date = {2011-05},
keywords = {allrefs, caga, cited, clinical, H. pylori, Human, Novartis, vaccine},
file = {Malfertheiner et al. - 2011 - Acute infection with a CagA positive iH. pylori.pdf:D\:\\Documents\\Zotero_Backup\\storage\\3K8B7223\\Malfertheiner et al. - 2011 - Acute infection with a CagA positive iH. pylori.pdf:application/pdf}
}
@article{akdis_interleukins_2011,
title = {Interleukins, from 1 to 37, and interferon-γ: receptors, functions, and roles in diseases},
volume = {127},
issn = {1097-6825},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.050},
shorttitle = {Interleukins, from 1 to 37, and interferon-γ},
abstract = {Advancing our understanding of mechanisms of immune regulation in allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, tumor development, organ transplantation, and chronic infections could lead to effective and targeted therapies. Subsets of immune and inflammatory cells interact via {ILs} and {IFNs;} reciprocal regulation and counter balance among T(h) and regulatory T cells, as well as subsets of B cells, offer opportunities for immune interventions. Here, we review current knowledge about {ILs} 1 to 37 and {IFN-γ.} Our understanding of the effects of {ILs} has greatly increased since the discoveries of monocyte {IL} (called {IL-1)} and lymphocyte {IL} (called {IL-2);} more than 40 cytokines are now designated as {ILs.} Studies of transgenic or knockout mice with altered expression of these cytokines or their receptors and analyses of mutations and polymorphisms in human genes that encode these products have provided important information about {IL} and {IFN} functions. We discuss their signaling pathways, cellular sources, targets, roles in immune regulation and cellular networks, roles in allergy and asthma, and roles in defense against infections.},
pages = {701-721.e1-70},
number = {3},
journaltitle = {The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology},
shortjournal = {J Allergy Clin Immunol},
author = {Akdis, Mübeccel and Burgler, Simone and Crameri, Reto and Eiwegger, Thomas and Fujita, Hiroyuki and Gomez, Enrique and Klunker, Sven and Meyer, Norbert and {O'Mahony}, Liam and Palomares, Oscar and Rhyner, Claudio and Ouaked, Nadia and Quaked, Nadia and Schaffartzik, Anna and Van De Veen, Willem and Zeller, Sabine and Zimmermann, Maya and Akdis, Cezmi A},
date = {2011-03},
pmid = {21377040},
keywords = {allrefs, Animals, cited, cytokine, expression source, figure, Humans, {IL-12}, {IL-12} family, {IL-17}, {IL-23}, {IL-27}, {IL-35}, {IL-8}, Immune System Diseases, Immunity, Interferon-gamma, Interleukins, Mice, Receptors, Interferon, Receptors, Interleukin, review, Th differentiation},
file = {Akdis et al. - 2011 - Interleukins, from 1 to 37, and interferon-γ rece.pdf:D\:\\Documents\\Zotero_Backup\\storage\\PCM6FBJX\\Akdis et al. - 2011 - Interleukins, from 1 to 37, and interferon-γ rece.pdf:application/pdf}
}
@article{cosmi_identification_2010,
title = {Identification of a novel subset of human circulating memory {CD4(+)} T cells that produce both {IL-17A} and {IL-4}},
volume = {125},
issn = {1097-6825},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.012},
abstract = {{BACKGROUND:} {IL-17A} has been suggested to play a pathogenic role in bronchial asthma and other allergic disorders.
{OBJECTIVE:} Study of the relationship between human {IL-17A-producing} {CD4(+)} T(H) cells (T(H)17) and {IL-4-producing} {CD4(+)} T(H) (T(H)2) cells.
{METHODS:} T-cell clones generated from the {CCR6(+)CD161(+)} fraction of human circulating {CD4(+)} T cells, which contains virtually all T(H)17 cells, as well as circulating {CD4(+)} T cells from both healthy subjects and patients with asthma, were assessed by flow cytometry for their cytokine production profile.
{RESULTS:} A small proportion of {CCR6(+)CD161(+)CD4(+)} T-cell clones showed the ability to produce both {IL-17A} and {IL-4} (T({H)17/T(H)2).} T({H)17/T(H)2} clones also produced {IL-5}, {IL-8}, {IL-9}, {IL-13}, {IL-21}, and {IL-22} and displayed the ability to induce the in vitro secretion of {IgE.} A very few T({H)17/T(H)2} cells were found among circulating {CD4(+)} T cells from normal subjects, but their proportions were significantly increased in the circulation of patients with chronic asthma. T({H)17/T(H)2} cells could not be derived from naive umbilical cord blood {CD4(+)} T cells under any experimental condition. However, when circulating memory {CCR6(+)CD161(+)CD4(+)} T cells were cloned under appropriate polarizing conditions, T({H)17/T(H)2} clones originated in the presence of {IL-4}, suggesting that an {IL-4-rich} microenvironment may induce the shifting of memory T(H)17 cells into T({H)17/T(H)2} cells.
{CONCLUSION:} Because of its peculiar functional properties and the increased numbers in the circulation of patients with bronchial asthma, this previously unknown population of T({H)17/T(H)2} cells may play some role in the pathogenesis of this disease.},
pages = {222-230.e1-4},
number = {1},
journaltitle = {The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology},
shortjournal = {J Allergy Clin Immunol},
author = {Cosmi, Lorenzo and Maggi, Laura and Santarlasci, Veronica and Capone, Manuela and Cardilicchia, Elisa and Frosali, Francesca and Querci, Valentina and Angeli, Roberta and Matucci, Andrea and Fambrini, Massimiliano and Liotta, Francesco and Parronchi, Paola and Maggi, Enrico and Romagnani, Sergio and Annunziato, Francesco},
date = {2010},
pmid = {20109749},
keywords = {17definition, 17plasticity, allrefs, Asthma, {CD4-Positive} T-Lymphocytes, cited, Clone Cells, Cytokines, Flow Cytometry, {groupTh17wTh2}, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Interleukin-17, Interleukin-4, key reference, {NK} Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B, plasticity, Receptors, {CCR6}, Th17, Th2, T-Lymphocyte Subsets},
file = {Cosmi et al. - 2010 - Identification of a novel subset of human circulat.pdf:D\:\\Documents\\Zotero_Backup\\storage\\DW6HV2VI\\Cosmi et al. - 2010 - Identification of a novel subset of human circulat.pdf:application/pdf}
}
我使用 biber 版本 1.9 - TexLive 2014 - Perl 5.18.2 并使用 xetex 进行编译。
更新 1
日志文件中的语句Fisher-Roa Fisher-Rao linear discriminant analysis ({LDA)} is a valuable tool for是文件中某个引用的文本部分，.bib如下所示：
@article{hastie_discriminant_1996,
title = {Discriminant analysis by gaussian mixtures},
volume = {58},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2346171?uid=3737864&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21104276903573},
abstract = {Fisher-Rao linear discriminant analysis ({LDA)} is a valuable tool for multigroup classification. {LDA} is equivalent to maximum likelihood classification assuming Gaussian distributions for each class. In this paper, we fit Gaussian mixtures to each class to facilitate effective classification in non-normal settings, especially when the classes are clustered. Low dimensional views are an important by-product of {LDA---our} new techniques inherit this feature. We are able to control the within-class spread of the subclass centers relative to the between-class spread. Our technique for fitting these models permits a natural blend with nonparametric versions of {LDA.} Keywords: Classification, Pattern Recognition, Clustering, Nonparametric, Penalized. 1 Introduction In the generic classification or discrimination problem, the outcome of interest G falls into J unordered classes, which for convenience we denote by the set J = f1; 2; 3; {\textbackslash}Delta {\textbackslash}Delta {\textbackslash}Delta Jg. We wish to build a rule for pred...},
pages = {155–176},
journaltitle = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B},
shortjournal = {J R Stat Soc},
author = {Hastie, Trevor and Tibshirani, Robert},
date = {1996},
keywords = {allrefs, cited, first reference, {MDA}, statistics},
file = {Hastie and Tibshirani - 1996 - Discriminant Analysis by Gaussian Mixtures.pdf:D\:\\Documents\\Zotero_Backup\\storage\\K9XXKTSJ\\Hastie and Tibshirani - 1996 - Discriminant Analysis by Gaussian Mixtures.pdf:application/pdf}
}
更新 2
现在，在处理完页面范围的错误后，它们就消失了，但是摘要的错误却没有消失，真让人困惑！请参见下面的代码片段：
)
(./phdmain.bbl
)
Runaway argument?
{Fisher-Rao linear discriminant analysis ({LDA}) is a valuable tool f\ETC.
! File ended while scanning use of \field.
<inserted text>
\par
l.197 \begin{document}
?
问题
我该如何修复这个错误？
答案1
这里有两个问题：
第一：编译失败的原因是字段({LDA)}中的括号顺序错误。abstracthastie_discriminant_1996
第二：根据文档，出现警告Biber reported the following issues是由于biber没有将您的page字段识别为应有的范围biblatex：
范围字段由一个或多个范围组成，其中所有破折号都已规范化并由命令替换
\bibrangedash。范围是可选地后跟一个或多个破折号，可选地后跟一些非破折号（例如5–7）。任何数量的连续破折号都只会产生一个范围破折号。范围字段的典型示例是字段pages。另请参阅\bibrangessep命令，该命令可用于 Biberonly 自定义多个范围之间的分隔符。使用 Biber，如果范围字段不由一个或多个范围组成，则会跳过它们并生成警告。您可以在使用解析混乱的范围字段之前对其进行规范化\DeclareSourcemap（请参阅§4.5.2）。
biber本身对此有抱怨（仅使用第一个条目.bib：
警告 - 条目“malfertheiner_acute_2011”中的范围字段“pages”格式不正确，正在跳过
为了使事情正常进行，您必须将范围的各个部分包装起来{}，即malfertheiner_acute_2011写入pages = {{S-86}-{S-86}}。