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Tikz-Control 背景层中的相对坐标

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Tikz-Control 背景层中的相对坐标

我正在创建一个包含两个层的框图：主层和背景层。我想做的是使用相对坐标绘制一个矩形作为背景。

我的代码是

\documentclass{standalone}
 \usepackage{tikz}
 \usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\begin{document}
\tikzstyle{block}=[fill=white,draw=red,minimum size=1.5cm, rounded corners,align=center]
\pgfdeclarelayer{background}
\pgfsetlayers{background,main}
\begin{tikzpicture}
 \node[block] (2D) {$2$D\\Histogramm};
 \node[draw=none,left of=2D,node distance=3cm] (dummy) {};
 \node[block,above of=dummy,node distance=1cm] (E) {E\\signal};
 \node[block,below of=dummy,node distance=1cm] (DE) {$\Delta$E\\signal};
 \node[block,right of=2D,node distance=3cm] (region) {$p$ signal\\selection};
 \node[block,right of=region,node distance=3cm] (projection) {E detector\\projection};
 \node[block,right of=projection,node distance=3cm] (smoothing) {smoothing};
 \node[block,right of=smoothing,node distance=3cm] (rebinning) {rebinning};
 \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
  \draw[fill=gray!30,rounded corners] (E.north west)+(-0.5,0.5)rectangle(rebinning.south east)+(1,2);
 \end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

我的输出是

在此处输入图片描述

虽然(E.north west)+(-0.5,0.5)可以工作，但我似乎不明白为什么(rebinning.south east)+(0.5,-2)不行。有什么办法可以解决这个问题吗？

答案1

您可以使用 -library fit。您可以将要包含的节点传递给fit-option，然后将配件-背景层上的节点。

在您的示例中，只需拟合三个最外层节点即可获得配件-节点进入正确位置：

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds, fit}

\begin{document}
 \tikzstyle{block}=[fill=white,draw=red,minimum size=1.5cm, rounded  corners,align=center]
 \begin{tikzpicture}
  \node[block] (2D) {$2$D\\Histogramm};
  \node[draw=none,left of=2D,node distance=3cm] (dummy) {};
  \node[block,above of=dummy,node distance=1cm] (E) {E\\signal};
  \node[block,below of=dummy,node distance=1cm] (DE) {$\Delta$E\\signal};
  \node[block,right of=2D,node distance=3cm] (region) {$p$ signal\\selection};
  \node[block,right of=region,node distance=3cm] (projection) {E detector\\projection};
  \node[block,right of=projection,node distance=3cm] (smoothing) {smoothing};
  \node[block,right of=smoothing,node distance=3cm] (rebinning) {rebinning};
  \begin{scope}[on background layer]
   \node [fit=(E) (DE) (rebinning), fill= gray!30, rounded corners, inner sep=.5cm] {};
  \end{scope}
 \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

渲染图像

这样，您还可以使用以下命令轻松地将标签文本添加到背景节点：

\node [fit=..., label={<position>:Your label text here}] {};

<position>标签的放置角度/位置在哪里（例如，，，above... ）。有关更多信息，请查看。below-45pgfmanual

编辑：使用相对坐标的方法（见评论）

为了使上述代码按照您编写的方式工作，您可以使用calc库并计算矩形的点。

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds, calc}

\begin{document}

\tikzstyle{block}=[fill=white,draw=red,minimum size=1.5cm, rounded corners,align=center]
\pgfdeclarelayer{background}
\pgfsetlayers{background,main}
\begin{tikzpicture}
 \node[block] (2D) {$2$D\\Histogramm};
 \node[draw=none,left of=2D,node distance=3cm] (dummy) {};
 \node[block,above of=dummy,node distance=1cm] (E) {E\\signal};
 \node[block,below of=dummy,node distance=1cm] (DE) {$\Delta$E\\signal};
 \node[block,right of=2D,node distance=3cm] (region) {$p$ signal\\selection};
 \node[block,right of=region,node distance=3cm] (projection) {E detector\\projection};
 \node[block,right of=projection,node distance=3cm] (smoothing) {smoothing};
 \node[block,right of=smoothing,node distance=3cm] (rebinning) {rebinning};
 \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
  \draw[fill=gray!30,rounded corners] ($(DE.south west) +(-0.5,-0.5)$) rectangle ($(rebinning.north east) +(1,1.5)$);
 \end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

编辑：总结一下这个答案的评论和信息：

  • 使用fit
  • 使用positioning
  • 在 background-node 上使用 node-label

代码：

\documentclass[tikz, border=5mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds, positioning, fit}

\begin{document}
 \begin{tikzpicture}
  \tikzset{
   block/.style={
    draw=red,
    fill=white,
    minimum size=1.5cm,
    rounded corners,
    align=center,
   },
  }
  \node[block] (2D) {$2$D\\Histogramm};
  \node[block, above left=-.5cm and 1cm of 2D] (E) {E\\signal};
  \node[block, below left=-.5cm and 1cm of 2D] (DE) {$\Delta$E\\signal};
  \node[block, right=of 2D] (region) {$p$ signal\\selection};
  \node[block, right=of region] (projection) {E detector\\projection};
  \node[block, right=of projection] (smoothing) {smoothing};
  \node[block, right=of smoothing] (rebinning) {rebinning};
  \begin{scope}[on background layer]
   \node [fit=(E) (DE) (rebinning), fill= gray!30, rounded corners, inner sep=.5cm, label={[red]below:Your label text here}] {};
  \end{scope}
 \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

渲染图像： 渲染图像

答案2

这与图层的使用无关，而与您指定矩形坐标的方式有关。

考虑这个更简单的例子：

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
 \usepackage{tikz}
 \usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [draw] (A) {Node A};
\node [draw] (B) at (4,0) {Node B};

\draw (A.north west) + (-0.5,0.5) rectangle (B.south east) + (0.5,-0.5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

此行\draw (A.north west) + (-0.5,0.5) rectangle (B.south east) + (0.5,-0.5);的含义解释如下：

  • 移动到节点的西北角A。
  • 移动到距前一个点上方 0.5 个单位和左侧 0.5 个单位的点，不绘制任何内容。
  • 在节点的东南角绘制一个矩形B。
  • 移动到距上一点以下 0.5 个单位和右侧 0.5 个单位的点，不绘制任何内容。

为了使此示例按预期工作，您可以采取不同的措施：

  • 使用calc库 ( \usetikzlibrary{calc}) 并将矩形指定为

     \draw [red] ($(A.north west) + (-0.5,0.5)$) rectangle ($(B.south east) + (0.5,-0.5)$);

或者

  • shift在坐标规范中使用：

        \draw [red] ([shift={(-0.5,0.5)}]A.north west) rectangle ([shift={(0.5,-0.5)}]B.south east);

答案3

您最好使用fit库。但是使用您的方法，您应该选择正确的坐标 - x 坐标为rebinning和 y 坐标为DE，并在此基础上添加(0.5,-0.5)。

代码：

\documentclass{standalone}
 \usepackage{tikz}
 \usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,calc}
\begin{document}
\tikzstyle{block}=[fill=white,draw=red,minimum size=1.5cm, rounded corners,align=center]
\pgfdeclarelayer{background}
\pgfsetlayers{background,main}
\begin{tikzpicture}
 \node[block] (2D) {$2$D\\Histogramm};
 \node[draw=none,left of=2D,node distance=3cm] (dummy) {};
 \node[block,above of=dummy,node distance=1cm] (E) {E\\signal};
 \node[block,below of=dummy,node distance=1cm] (DE) {$\Delta$E\\signal};
 \node[block,right of=2D,node distance=3cm] (region) {$p$ signal\\selection};
 \node[block,right of=region,node distance=3cm] (projection) {E detector\\projection};
 \node[block,right of=projection,node distance=3cm] (smoothing) {smoothing};
 \node[block,right of=smoothing,node distance=3cm] (rebinning) {rebinning};
 \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
  \draw[fill=gray!30,rounded corners] ($(E.north west)+(-0.5,0.5)$)rectangle($(rebinning.south east|-DE.south) +(0.5,-0.5)$) ;
 \end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案4

直接回答你的问题： (E.north west)+(-0.5,0.5)只是偶然起作用。+操作符不会将两个坐标相加，而是相对于第一个坐标定义第二个坐标。

这意味着 tikz 移动到E.north west，然后在 X 方向移动 -0.5，在 Y 方向移动 0.5，然后从那里开始绘制。但是它不吸引 (rebinning.south east)+(0.5,-2)而是绘制到(rebinning.south east)然后再次在 X 方向移动 0.5，在 Y 方向移动 -2。

tldr;执行的命令是(E.north west)+(-0.5,0.5)rectangle(rebinning.south east)，并且附加坐标位于+(1,2)

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