Biblatex：根据语言选择内容

Question 1

正如评论中所提到的，实验性的 biblatex 4.0 知道字段的“变体”，并且可以与 biber 4.0 beta 一起使用它们。

但这并不容易（而像 APA 这样的复杂格式会使其变得更加困难），而且相当耗时。必须检查大量宏才能决定在哪里以及如何注入翻译（以及如果有多个变体，例如某个日语标题的翻译和转录，该怎么办）。

以下示例显示了使用实验性的 biblatex/biber 的示例代码及其输出：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[english,american,ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{extarrows}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[style=apa,
        bibencoding=utf8,
        sortcites=true,
        bibwarn=true,
        firstinits=true,
        isbn=false,
        dashed=false,
        maxbibnames=99,
        babel=other,
        backend=biber,
        hyperref=true]{biblatex}


\addbibresource{test.bib}

\DeclareLanguageMapping{ngerman}{ngerman-apa}
\DeclareLanguageMapping{american}{american-apa}


\renewbibmacro*{journal}{%
  \iffieldundef{journaltitle}
    {}
    {\printtext[journaltitle]{%
       \printfield[titlecase]{journaltitle}%
       \setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
       \printfield[titlecase]{journalsubtitle}}}%
  \iffieldundef[form=translated,lang=english]{journaltitle}
    {}
    {%
     \setunit{/}%
     \printfield[][form=translated,lang=english]{journaltitle}%
    }%       
  }  

\renewbibmacro*{title}{%
  \ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{title}\AND\iffieldundef{subtitle}}
    {}
    {\iffieldundef{origtitle}
      {\printtext[title]{%
        \printfield[apacase]{title}%
        \setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
        \printfield[apacase]{subtitle}}
       \iffieldundef[form=translated,lang=english]{title}
       {}
       {%
       \setunit{}%
       \addspace
       \mkbibbrackets{\printfield[][form=translated,lang=english]{title}}%
       }%
      }
      {\printfield{origtitle}%
       \setunit{\addspace}%
       \printtext[brackets]{%
        \printfield[apacase]{title}%
        \setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
        \printfield[apacase]{subtitle}}}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \printfield{titleaddon}%
     \iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{book}%
       {\setunit{\addspace}\usebibmacro{bookaddinfo}}%
       {}%
     \ifthenelse{%
       \ifnameundef{author}\AND%
       \(\ifnameundef{editor}\AND\NOT\boolean{bbx:editorinauthpos}\)\AND%
       \ifnameundef{producer}\AND%
       \ifnameundef{director}\AND%
       \ifnameundef{writer}}
        {\newunit\newblock
         \usebibmacro{labelyear+extrayear}}
        {}}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{article}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{journal+issuetitle}%
  \setunit{\bibpagespunct}%
  \printfield{pages}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \iffieldundef[form=translated,lang=english]{note}
       {}
       {%
       \setunit{}%
       \addspace
       \mkbibparens{\printfield[][form=translated,lang=english]{note}}%
       }%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{apa:finpunct}%
  \usebibmacro{apa:pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}           
\newbibmacro*{note+pages}{%
  \printfield{note}%

  \setunit{\bibpagespunct}%
  \printfield{pages}%
  \newunit}

\begin{document}
\cite{articletranslated}
\selectlanguage{american}
\printbibliography
\end{document}

test.bib：

@article{articletranslated,
  author  = {Peter Adams},
  title   = {Deutscher Titel},
  title_translated_english  = {English Title},
  journal = {Journalname},
  journaltitle_translated_english= {The name of the journal},
  year    = 1993,
  number  = 2,
  pages   = {201-213},
  month   = 7,
  note    = {Beispielkommentar},
  note_translated_english   = {An optional note},
  keyword = {E},
  volume  = 4
}

我认为，投入的时间往往不值得。

一种更简单的方法是直接在 bib 中注入条件文本：

@article{articlewithengl,
  author  = {Peter Adams},
  title   = {Deutscher {Titel}\ifbool{useenglish}{\addspace\mkbibbrackets{English Title}}{}},
  journal = {Journalname\ifbool{useenglish}{/The name of the journal}{}},
  year    = 1993,
  number  = 2,
  pages   = {201-213},
  month   = 7,
  note    = {Beispielkommentar\ifbool{useenglish}{\addspace(An optional note)}{}},
  keyword = {E},
  volume  = 4
}

然后可以简单地使用

\usepackage{etoolbox}
\newbool{useenglish}
\booltrue{useenglish} %or \boolfalse{useenglish}

Answer

正如评论中所提到的，实验性的 biblatex 4.0 知道字段的“变体”，并且可以与 biber 4.0 beta 一起使用它们。