我想要绘制下图：
我现在将我的树转换为forest以下代码：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{forest}
\forestset{
sn edges/.style={for tree={parent anchor=south, child anchor=north,align=center,base=top},
where n children=0{tier=word}{}
},
% auxiliary nodes without node label
empty nodes/.style={
delay={where content={}{shape=coordinate,for parent={for children={anchor=north}}}{}}}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centerline{%
\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{}}
\begin{forest}
sn edges,empty nodes
[CP
[{} [XP]]
[C$'$ [{} [C$^0$]]
[IP [{} [XP]]
[I$'$
[VP
[V$^0$]]
[{} [I$^0$]]]]]]
\end{forest}\\
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
%
SpecCP & C0 & \multicolumn{2}{l|}{IP (without I0, V0)} & V0, I0\\
prefield & left SB & \multicolumn{2}{l|}{middlefield} & right SB\\\cline{3-4}
& & SpecIP & phrases inside & \\
& & subject position & the VP &\\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{tabular}}
\caption{\label{Abb-GB-Topo}CP, IP and VP and the topological model of German}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
此代码生成：
第一个图形是用 pstricks 或多或少手工完成的，我想知道是否有更好的方法来确保 XP 位于单元格 SpecCP 和 SpecIP 上方的中间，并且三角形即将在单元格处结束Phrasen innerhalb der VP。
编辑：
根据 cfr 的建议，我开始使用以下代码：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{forest}
\forestset{
sn edges/.style={for tree={parent anchor=south, child anchor=north,align=center,base=top}},
terminus/.style={tier=word, for tree={fit=band}, for descendants={no path, align=left, l sep=0pt}},
empty nodes/.style={
delay={where content={}{shape=coordinate,for parent={for children={anchor=north}}}{}}},
no path/.style={edge path={}},
set me left/.style={calign with current edge, child anchor=north west, for parent={parent anchor=south west}},
}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\begin{forest}
sn edges,empty nodes
[CP
[{}
[XP,terminus
[SpecCP\\prefield, name=prefield
]
]
]
[C$'$
[{}
[C$^0$, terminus
[C0\\left SB
]
]
]
[IP
[{}
[XP, terminus
[{IP (without I0, V0)\\middlefield}, name=middlefield
[SpecIP\\subject position, set me left, name=subject
]
[phrases inside\\the VP, name=insidevp
]
]
]
]
[I$'$
[VP, name=vp
[V$^0$, name=v0, terminus, no path
[{V0, I0\\right SB}, name=p2
]
]
]
[{}
[I$^0$, terminus
]
]
]
]
]
]
% these are the table borders at the top and at the bottom
\draw [thick]
(prefield.north west) -- (p2.north east)
(prefield.west |- insidevp.south) -- (p2.east |- insidevp.south);
\draw
% the horizontal line in the middle
% for reasons I do not understand, the middlefield node does not extend over the `phrases
% inside VP' node.
%(middlefield.south west) -- (middlefield.south east)
(subject.north west) -- (insidevp.north east)
(vp.south) -- (v0.center -| insidevp.west) -- (v0.west)
(v0.east) -- +(2.5pt,0) -- (vp.south)
;
\end{forest}
\caption{\label{Abb-GB-Topo}CP, IP and VP and the topological model of German}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
我用更能说明问题的节点名替换了 p1-p3，middlefield并画了一条更短的线来标记中场区域。我尝试这样做，(middlefield.south west) -- (middlefield.south east)但不知何故这不起作用。虽然中场节点主导了 SpecIP 的节点和 VP 内的短语，但这条线太短了。
还有一个问题：V0 和 I0 是右句子括号的一部分，也就是说，这两个节点应该主导 V0 和 I0 的解释节点。我认为实现这一点的最简单方法可能是将右 SB 的节点向右移动，使其位于 I0 下方。但也许有更好的方法。
至于垂直线，我必须在预场、左 SB 和右 SB 下方引入假节点，并将它们的右南角连接到上方节点的右北角，不是吗？
以下是我尝试过的，但是中场节点太短，并且第二条垂直线不在左 SB 和中场节点的中间，而是更靠近中场节点，因为我参考了后者节点的坐标。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{forest}
\forestset{
sn edges/.style={for tree={parent anchor=south, child anchor=north,align=center,base=top}},
terminus/.style={tier=word, for tree={fit=band}, for descendants={no path, align=left, l sep=0pt}},
empty nodes/.style={
delay={where content={}{shape=coordinate,for parent={for children={anchor=north}}}{}}},
no path/.style={edge path={}},
set me left/.style={calign with current edge, child anchor=north west, for parent={parent anchor=south west}},
}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\begin{forest}
sn edges,empty nodes
[CP
[{}
[XP,terminus
[SpecCP\\prefield, name=prefield
]
]
]
[C$'$
[{}
[C$^0$, terminus
[C0\\left SB,name=leftSB
]
]
]
[IP
[{}
[XP, terminus
[{IP (without I0, V0)\\middlefield}, name=middlefield
[SpecIP\\subject position, set me left, name=subject
]
[phrases inside\\the VP, name=insidevp
]
]
]
]
[I$'$
[VP, name=vp
[V$^0$, name=v0, terminus, no path
[{V0, I0\\right SB}, name=rightSB
]
]
]
[{}
[I$^0$, terminus
]
]
]
]
]
]
% these are the table borders at the top and at the bottom
\draw [thick]
(prefield.north west) -- (rightSB.north east)
(prefield.west |- insidevp.south) -- (rightSB.east |- insidevp.south);
\draw
% the horizontal line in the middle
% for reasons I do not understand, the middlefield node does not extend over the `phrases
% inside VP' node.
%(middlefield.south west) -- (middlefield.south east)
(subject.north west) -- (insidevp.north east)
%vertical lines
(prefield.north east) -- (prefield.south east)
(middlefield.north west) -- (subject.south west)
(middlefield.north east) -- (insidevp.south east)
%
(vp.south) -- (v0.center -| insidevp.west) -- (v0.west)
(v0.east) -- +(2.5pt,0) -- (vp.south)
;
\end{forest}
\caption{\label{Abb-GB-Topo}CP, IP and VP and the topological model of German}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
答案1
这实现了 ajeh 在评论中提出的建议。
编辑
这是一个添加了垂直规则的版本，我最初省略了这些规则（见下文），因为在这种情况下显然需要这些规则。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{forest}
\forestset{
sn edges/.style={for tree={parent anchor=south, child anchor=north,align=center,base=top}},
terminus/.style={tier=word, for children={tier=tabular}, for tree={fit=band}, for descendants={no path, align=left, l sep=0pt}},
empty nodes/.style={
delay={where content={}{shape=coordinate,for parent={for children={anchor=north}}}{}}},
no path/.style={edge path={}},
set me left/.style={calign with current edge, child anchor=north west, for parent={parent anchor=south west}},
}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\begin{forest}
sn edges,empty nodes
[CP
[{}
[XP,terminus
[SpecCP\\prefield, name=p1
]
]
]
[C$'$
[{}
[C$^0$, terminus
[C0\\left SB, name=c0
]
]
]
[IP
[{}
[XP, terminus
[{IP (without I0, V0)\\middlefield}
[SpecIP\\subject position, set me left, name=specip
]
[phrases inside\\the VP, name=p3
]
]
]
]
[I$'$
[VP, name=vp
[V$^0$, name=v0, terminus, no path, anchor=east
[{V0, I0\\right SB}, name=p2, set me left
]
]
]
[{}
[I$^0$, terminus, name=io
]
]
]
]
]
]
\draw [thick]
(p1.north west) rectangle (io.east |- p3.south);
\draw
($(c0.north east)!1/2!(specip.west |- c0.north east)$) coordinate (p6) -- (p6 |- p3.south)
($(p1.north east)!1/2!(c0.north west)$) coordinate (p4) -- (p3.south -| p4)
($(specip.north east)!1/2!(p3.north west)$) coordinate (p5) -- (p3.south -| p5)
($(p2.north west)!1/2!(p2.north west -| p3.east)$) coordinate (p7) -- (p3.south -| p7)
(p6 |- p2.south) -- (p2.south -| p7)
(vp.south) -- (v0.center -| p3.west) -- (v0.west)
(v0.east) -- +(2.5pt,0) -- (vp.south)
;
\end{forest}
\caption{\label{Abb-GB-Topo}CP, IP and VP and the topological model of German}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
calc用于计算两点之间的中点。例如，是和($(a)!1/2!(b)$)之间的中点。表示与垂直对齐和水平对齐的点。实际使用的计算只是这两个想法的组合，并结合使用来命名树中的各个节点。(a)(b)(a |- b)(a)(b)name=
初步解决方案
由于在表格中包含垂直规则在印刷上是令人厌恶的，所以我最初省略了这些。由于在其他规则本身没有意义的情况下，它可能对其他人有用，所以这里是原始解决方案。[如果您希望booktabs更精确地遵循建议，您可以调整规则宽度;)。]
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{forest}
\forestset{
sn edges/.style={for tree={parent anchor=south, child anchor=north,align=center,base=top}},
terminus/.style={tier=word, for tree={fit=band}, for descendants={no path, align=left, l sep=0pt}},
empty nodes/.style={
delay={where content={}{shape=coordinate,for parent={for children={anchor=north}}}{}}},
no path/.style={edge path={}},
set me left/.style={calign with current edge, child anchor=north west, for parent={parent anchor=south west}},
}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\begin{forest}
sn edges,empty nodes
[CP
[{}
[XP,terminus
[SpecCP\\prefield, name=p1
]
]
]
[C$'$
[{}
[C$^0$, terminus
[C0\\left SB
]
]
]
[IP
[{}
[XP, terminus
[{IP (without I0, V0)\\middlefield}
[SpecIP\\subject position, set me left
]
[phrases inside\\the VP, name=p3
]
]
]
]
[I$'$
[VP, name=vp
[V$^0$, name=v0, terminus, no path
[{V0, I0\\right SB}, name=p2
]
]
]
[{}
[I$^0$, terminus
]
]
]
]
]
]
\draw [thick]
(p1.north west) -- (p2.north east)
(p1.west |- p3.south) -- (p2.east |- p3.south);
\draw
(p1.south west) -- (p2.south east)
(vp.south) -- (v0.center -| p3.west) -- (v0.west)
(v0.east) -- +(2.5pt,0) -- (vp.south)
;
\end{forest}
\caption{\label{Abb-GB-Topo}CP, IP and VP and the topological model of German}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
