在数学环境中重新缩放表格

Question

我在 pmatrix 中，在数学环境 (displaymath) 中制作了两个表格。结果不适合页面，有人知道我该如何缩放代码以使其适合吗？

\documentclass[a4paper]{amsart}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\setlength{\parskip}{1ex plus 0.5ex minus 0.2ex}
\usepackage[dutch]{babel}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{graphicx}

\begin{document}
\begin{displaymath}
\begin{pmatrix}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c}

   &  &  &$\vdots$ &   &  &  &$\vdots$  &  &  &  \\
   &$A$ &  &         0     &   &  $B$&  &             0&  & $C$&  \\
   &  &  &$\vdots$ &   &  &  &$\vdots$  &  &  &  \\  \cline{4-8}
 $\cdots$ &0 &$\cdots$ 0&\multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}  &  0 &  $\cdots$&0  &  1 &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}$\cdots$ & 0&$\cdots$ \\\cline{5-7}
   &  &  &         \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}     & \multicolumn{1}{|l}{}  &   &  &       \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}&\multicolumn{1}{|l}{}  &  &  \\
   &$D$ &  & \multicolumn{1}{|l}{ $\vdots$ }   &  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{} &  $E$&  &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{$\vdots$}&  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{}& $F$&  \\
   &  &  &      \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0} &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{}   &   &  &  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}&  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{}&  &  \\ \cline{5-7}
 $\cdots$ &0 &$\cdots$ 0 &  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{1}  & 0  &  $\cdots$&0  &  0 &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{0  $\cdots$} & 0&$\cdots$ \\ \cline{4-8}
   &  &  &         $\vdots$     &   &   &  &             $\vdots$&  &  &  \\
   &$G$ &  &        0     &   &  $H$&  &             0&  & $I$&  \\
   &  &  &        $\vdots$      &   &   &  &             $\vdots$&  &  &  \\


\end{tabular}
\end{pmatrix}
\Longrightarrow
\begin{pmatrix}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c}

   &  &  &$\vdots$ &   &  &  &$\vdots$  &  &  &  \\
   &$A$ &  &         0     &   &  $B$&  &             0&  & $C$&  \\
   &  &  &$\vdots$ &   &  &  &$\vdots$  &  &  &  \\  \cline{4-8}
 $\cdots$ &0 &$\cdots$ 0&\multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}  &  0 &  $\cdots$&0  &  1 &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}$\cdots$ & 0&$\cdots$ \\\cline{5-7}
   &  &  &         \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}     & \multicolumn{1}{|l}{}  &   &  &       \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}&\multicolumn{1}{|l}{}  &  &  \\
   &$D$ &  & \multicolumn{1}{|l}{ $\vdots$ }   &  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{} &  $E$&  &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{$\vdots$}&  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{}& $F$&  \\
   &  &  &      \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0} &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{}   &   &  &  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}&  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{}&  &  \\ \cline{5-7}
 $\cdots$ &0 &$\cdots$ 0 &  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{1}  & 0  &  $\cdots$&0  &  0 &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{0  $\cdots$} & 0&$\cdots$ \\ \cline{4-8}
   &  &  &         $\vdots$     &   &   &  &             $\vdots$&  &  &  \\
   &$G$ &  &        0     &   &  $H$&  &             0&  & $I$&  \\
   &  &  &        $\vdots$      &   &   &  &             $\vdots$&  &  &  \\


\end{tabular}
\end{pmatrix}
\end{displaymath}        
\end{document}

Answer 1

如果您不想减小字体大小，则必须减少列之间的空间以便将两个矩阵彼此相邻设置：

% arara: pdflatex

\documentclass[a4paper]{amsart}    
\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\arraycolsep=1.55pt\def\arraystretch{1} % maximum value for this case.
    \left(\begin{array}{*{13}c}         
        & & & & \vdots & & & & \vdots & & & & \\
        & A & & & 0 & & B & & 0 & & & C & \\
        & & & & \vdots & & & & \vdots & & & & \\ \cline{5-9}
        \cdots & 0 & \cdots & 0 & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{0} & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 1 & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{0} & \cdots & 0 & \cdots \\ \cline{6-8}
        & & & & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{} & & & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{} & & & \\
        & D & & & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{\vdots} & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{} & E & & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{\vdots} & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{} & & F & \\
        & & & & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{} & & & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{} & & & \\ \cline{6-8}
        \cdots & 0 & \cdots & 0 & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{1} & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 0 & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{0} & \cdots & 0 & \cdots \\ \cline{5-9}
        & & & & \vdots & & & & \vdots & & & & \\
        & G & & & 0 & & H & & 0 & & & I & \\
        & & & & \vdots & & & & \vdots & & & & \\            
    \end{array}\right)
    \Longrightarrow
    \left(\begin{array}{*{13}c}         
        & & & & \vdots & & & & \vdots & & & & \\
        & A & & & 0 & & B & & 0 & & & C & \\
        & & & & \vdots & & & & \vdots & & & & \\ \cline{5-9}
        \cdots & 0 & \cdots & 0 & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{0} & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 1 & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{0} & \cdots & 0 & \cdots \\ \cline{6-8}
        & & & & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{} & & & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{} & & & \\
        & D & & & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{\vdots} & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{} & E & & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{\vdots} & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{} & & F & \\
        & & & & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{} & & & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{0} & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{} & & & \\ \cline{6-8}
        \cdots & 0 & \cdots & 0 & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{1} & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 0 & \multicolumn{1}{|c}{0} & \cdots & 0 & \cdots \\ \cline{5-9}
        & & & & \vdots & & & & \vdots & & & & \\
        & G & & & 0 & & H & & 0 & & & I & \\
        & & & & \vdots & & & & \vdots & & & & \\            
    \end{array}\right)
\end{equation*} 
\end{document}

---

其他可能性包括：

• 减小字体大小
• 将负字距调整到\cdots
• 使用较短的\Rightarrow
• 将整个内容放在两行上（参见卡莱尔先生的回答）

Answer 2

通过一些工作，我们可以删除所有不必要的空间：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\makeatletter
\newcommand{\svdots}{%
  \vbox{\baselineskip4\p@\lineskiplimit\z@\kern2\p@\hbox{.}\hbox{.}\hbox{.}}%
}
\makeatother

\begin{document}
\[
\left(
\begin{array}{*{3}{@{}c} @{} *{7}{c} @{\,} *{3}{c@{}}}
&&&& \vdots &&&& \vdots \\
& A &&& 0 && B && 0 &&& C \\
&&&& \svdots &&&& \svdots \\
\cline{5-9}
\cdots & 0 & \cdots & \multicolumn{1}{@{}c|}{0} & 0 & 0 & \cdots& 0 &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{1} & 0 & \cdots & 0 & \cdots \\
\cline{6-8}
&&& \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0} &&& \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0} \\
& D && \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\svdots} && E &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\svdots} &&& F \\
&&& \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0} &&& \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0} \\
\cline{6-8}
\cdots & 0 & \cdots & \multicolumn{1}{@{}c|}{0} & 1 & 0 & \cdots& 0 &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0} & 0 & \cdots & 0 & \cdots \\
\cline{5-9}
&&&& \vdots &&&& \vdots \\
& G &&& 0 && H && 0 &&& I \\
&&&& \svdots &&&& \svdots \\
\end{array}
\right)
\]

\end{document}

注意\svdots纠正一些地方的垂直点。

Answer 3

没有tabular做任何有用的事情，您可以用它array来保存将每个条目放入数学中，但是在这里您可以将其删除并使用pmatrix。

您可以减小字体和列间距，但这样看起来会很乱，阅读起来也很拥挤，所以我会换行。

\documentclass[a4paper]{amsart}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\setlength{\parskip}{1ex plus 0.5ex minus 0.2ex}
\usepackage[dutch]{babel}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20}
\usepackage{graphicx}

\begin{document}
\noindent X\dotfill X

\begin{multline*}
\begin{pmatrix}
   &  &  &\vdots &   &  &  &\vdots  &  &  &  \\
   &A &  &         0     &   &  B&  &             0&  & C&  \\
   &  &  &\vdots &   &  &  &\vdots  &  &  &  \\
 \cline{4-8}
 \cdots &0 &\cdots 0&\multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}  &  0 &  \cdots&0  &  1 &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{0\cdots} & 0&\cdots \\\cline{5-7}
   &  &  &         \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}     & \multicolumn{1}{|l}{}  &   &  &       \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}&\multicolumn{1}{|l}{}  &  &  \\
   &D &  & \multicolumn{1}{|l}{ \vdots }   &  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{} &  E&  &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{\vdots}&  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{}& F&  \\
   &  &  &      \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0} &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{}   &   &  &  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}&  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{}&  &  \\
 \cline{5-7}
 \cdots &0 &\cdots 0 &  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{1}  & 0  &  \cdots&0  &  0 &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{0  \cdots} & 0&\cdots \\ \cline{4-8}
   &  &  &         \vdots     &   &   &  &             \vdots&  &  &  \\
   &G &  &        0     &   &  H&  &             0&  & I&  \\
   &  &  &        \vdots      &   &   &  &             \vdots&  &  & 
\end{pmatrix}\\{}
\Longrightarrow
\begin{pmatrix}
   &  &  &\vdots &   &  &  &\vdots  &  &  &  \\
   &A &  &         0     &   &  B&  &             0&  & C&  \\
   &  &  &\vdots &   &  &  &\vdots  &  &  &  \\  \cline{4-8}
 \cdots &0 &\cdots 0&\multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}  &  0 &  \cdots&0  &  1 &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{0\cdots} & 0&\cdots \\\cline{5-7}
   &  &  &         \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}     & \multicolumn{1}{|l}{}  &   &  &       \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}&\multicolumn{1}{|l}{}  &  &  \\
   &D &  & \multicolumn{1}{|l}{ \vdots }   &  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{} &  E&  &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{\vdots}&  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{}& F&  \\
   &  &  &      \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0} &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{}   &   &  &  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{0}&  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{}&  &  \\ \cline{5-7}
 \cdots &0 &\cdots 0 &  \multicolumn{1}{|l}{1}  & 0  &  \cdots&0  &  0 &\multicolumn{1}{|l}{0  \cdots} & 0&\cdots \\ \cline{4-8}
   &  &  &         \vdots     &   &   &  &             \vdots&  &  &  \\
   &G &  &        0     &   &  H&  &             0&  & I&  \\
   &  &  &        \vdots      &   &   &  &             \vdots&  &  &  
\end{pmatrix}
\end{multline*}

\end{document}