我不确定自 1.7 版以来情况是否有所改变，但是这是我能找到的最接近的东西。我想知道是否有更简单的方法使用带有颜色图的 y 值来确定颜色，或者甚至使用带有颜色图的任意标量值函数。在链接中，您必须基本定义 RGB 对 x、y、z 值的依赖性，我不知道如何使用预定义的颜色图。
答案1
颜色由meta每个坐标的值决定。默认情况下，在 3D 图中，这是z坐标的值。您可以y通过设置 告诉 PGFPlots 改用该值point meta=y。您还可以使用更复杂的表达式，例如point meta=sqrt(x^2+y^2)。
下面是一个使用自定义颜色图的示例parula 颜色图的值：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\begin{document}
\pgfplotsset{
colormap={parula}{
rgb=(0.2081,0.1663,0.5292)
rgb=(0.2116,0.1898,0.5777)
rgb=(0.2123,0.2138,0.627)
rgb=(0.2081,0.2386,0.6771)
rgb=(0.1959,0.2645,0.7279)
rgb=(0.1707,0.2919,0.7792)
rgb=(0.1253,0.3242,0.8303)
rgb=(0.0591,0.3598,0.8683)
rgb=(0.0117,0.3875,0.882)
rgb=(0.006,0.4086,0.8828)
rgb=(0.0165,0.4266,0.8786)
rgb=(0.0329,0.443,0.872)
rgb=(0.0498,0.4586,0.8641)
rgb=(0.0629,0.4737,0.8554)
rgb=(0.0723,0.4887,0.8467)
rgb=(0.0779,0.504,0.8384)
rgb=(0.0793,0.52,0.8312)
rgb=(0.0749,0.5375,0.8263)
rgb=(0.0641,0.557,0.824)
rgb=(0.0488,0.5772,0.8228)
rgb=(0.0343,0.5966,0.8199)
rgb=(0.0265,0.6137,0.8135)
rgb=(0.0239,0.6287,0.8038)
rgb=(0.0231,0.6418,0.7913)
rgb=(0.0228,0.6535,0.7768)
rgb=(0.0267,0.6642,0.7607)
rgb=(0.0384,0.6743,0.7436)
rgb=(0.059,0.6838,0.7254)
rgb=(0.0843,0.6928,0.7062)
rgb=(0.1133,0.7015,0.6859)
rgb=(0.1453,0.7098,0.6646)
rgb=(0.1801,0.7177,0.6424)
rgb=(0.2178,0.725,0.6193)
rgb=(0.2586,0.7317,0.5954)
rgb=(0.3022,0.7376,0.5712)
rgb=(0.3482,0.7424,0.5473)
rgb=(0.3953,0.7459,0.5244)
rgb=(0.442,0.7481,0.5033)
rgb=(0.4871,0.7491,0.484)
rgb=(0.53,0.7491,0.4661)
rgb=(0.5709,0.7485,0.4494)
rgb=(0.6099,0.7473,0.4337)
rgb=(0.6473,0.7456,0.4188)
rgb=(0.6834,0.7435,0.4044)
rgb=(0.7184,0.7411,0.3905)
rgb=(0.7525,0.7384,0.3768)
rgb=(0.7858,0.7356,0.3633)
rgb=(0.8185,0.7327,0.3498)
rgb=(0.8507,0.7299,0.336)
rgb=(0.8824,0.7274,0.3217)
rgb=(0.9139,0.7258,0.3063)
rgb=(0.945,0.7261,0.2886)
rgb=(0.9739,0.7314,0.2666)
rgb=(0.9938,0.7455,0.2403)
rgb=(0.999,0.7653,0.2164)
rgb=(0.9955,0.7861,0.1967)
rgb=(0.988,0.8066,0.1794)
rgb=(0.9789,0.8271,0.1633)
rgb=(0.9697,0.8481,0.1475)
rgb=(0.9626,0.8705,0.1309)
rgb=(0.9589,0.8949,0.1132)
rgb=(0.9598,0.9218,0.0948)
rgb=(0.9661,0.9514,0.0755)
rgb=(0.9763,0.9831,0.0538)
}
}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[domain=0:pi]
\addplot3 [surf, point meta=y] {cos(deg(x)) * sin(deg(y))};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
今天我观看了 SciPy 2015 的这个精彩视频，它引起了我的强烈共鸣（恢复 matlab 用户，开发 python 使用，同时也是色盲）所以我想对它做一些宣传。
它是关于一种新的色彩图viridis，其中包括色盲友好、顺序正确和免费。
这是视频链接。这里还有一个渲染的例子（需要一段时间来编译）：
\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.12,
colormap/viridis/.style={
colormap={viridis}{
rgb=(0.26700401, 0.00487433, 0.32941519)
rgb=(0.26851048, 0.00960483, 0.33542652)
rgb=(0.26994384, 0.01462494, 0.34137895)
rgb=(0.27130489, 0.01994186, 0.34726862)
rgb=(0.27259384, 0.02556309, 0.35309303)
rgb=(0.27380934, 0.03149748, 0.35885256)
rgb=(0.27495242, 0.03775181, 0.36454323)
rgb=(0.27602238, 0.04416723, 0.37016418)
rgb=(0.2770184 , 0.05034437, 0.37571452)
rgb=(0.27794143, 0.05632444, 0.38119074)
rgb=(0.27879067, 0.06214536, 0.38659204)
rgb=(0.2795655 , 0.06783587, 0.39191723)
rgb=(0.28026658, 0.07341724, 0.39716349)
rgb=(0.28089358, 0.07890703, 0.40232944)
rgb=(0.28144581, 0.0843197 , 0.40741404)
rgb=(0.28192358, 0.08966622, 0.41241521)
rgb=(0.28232739, 0.09495545, 0.41733086)
rgb=(0.28265633, 0.10019576, 0.42216032)
rgb=(0.28291049, 0.10539345, 0.42690202)
rgb=(0.28309095, 0.11055307, 0.43155375)
rgb=(0.28319704, 0.11567966, 0.43611482)
rgb=(0.28322882, 0.12077701, 0.44058404)
rgb=(0.28318684, 0.12584799, 0.44496 )
rgb=(0.283072 , 0.13089477, 0.44924127)
rgb=(0.28288389, 0.13592005, 0.45342734)
rgb=(0.28262297, 0.14092556, 0.45751726)
rgb=(0.28229037, 0.14591233, 0.46150995)
rgb=(0.28188676, 0.15088147, 0.46540474)
rgb=(0.28141228, 0.15583425, 0.46920128)
rgb=(0.28086773, 0.16077132, 0.47289909)
rgb=(0.28025468, 0.16569272, 0.47649762)
rgb=(0.27957399, 0.17059884, 0.47999675)
rgb=(0.27882618, 0.1754902 , 0.48339654)
rgb=(0.27801236, 0.18036684, 0.48669702)
rgb=(0.27713437, 0.18522836, 0.48989831)
rgb=(0.27619376, 0.19007447, 0.49300074)
rgb=(0.27519116, 0.1949054 , 0.49600488)
rgb=(0.27412802, 0.19972086, 0.49891131)
rgb=(0.27300596, 0.20452049, 0.50172076)
rgb=(0.27182812, 0.20930306, 0.50443413)
rgb=(0.27059473, 0.21406899, 0.50705243)
rgb=(0.26930756, 0.21881782, 0.50957678)
rgb=(0.26796846, 0.22354911, 0.5120084 )
rgb=(0.26657984, 0.2282621 , 0.5143487 )
rgb=(0.2651445 , 0.23295593, 0.5165993 )
rgb=(0.2636632 , 0.23763078, 0.51876163)
rgb=(0.26213801, 0.24228619, 0.52083736)
rgb=(0.26057103, 0.2469217 , 0.52282822)
rgb=(0.25896451, 0.25153685, 0.52473609)
rgb=(0.25732244, 0.2561304 , 0.52656332)
rgb=(0.25564519, 0.26070284, 0.52831152)
rgb=(0.25393498, 0.26525384, 0.52998273)
rgb=(0.25219404, 0.26978306, 0.53157905)
rgb=(0.25042462, 0.27429024, 0.53310261)
rgb=(0.24862899, 0.27877509, 0.53455561)
rgb=(0.2468114 , 0.28323662, 0.53594093)
rgb=(0.24497208, 0.28767547, 0.53726018)
rgb=(0.24311324, 0.29209154, 0.53851561)
rgb=(0.24123708, 0.29648471, 0.53970946)
rgb=(0.23934575, 0.30085494, 0.54084398)
rgb=(0.23744138, 0.30520222, 0.5419214 )
rgb=(0.23552606, 0.30952657, 0.54294396)
rgb=(0.23360277, 0.31382773, 0.54391424)
rgb=(0.2316735 , 0.3181058 , 0.54483444)
rgb=(0.22973926, 0.32236127, 0.54570633)
rgb=(0.22780192, 0.32659432, 0.546532 )
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rgb=(0.22198915, 0.33916114, 0.54875211)
rgb=(0.22005691, 0.34330688, 0.54941304)
rgb=(0.21812995, 0.34743154, 0.55003755)
rgb=(0.21620971, 0.35153548, 0.55062743)
rgb=(0.21429757, 0.35561907, 0.5511844 )
rgb=(0.21239477, 0.35968273, 0.55171011)
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rgb=(0.20862342, 0.36775151, 0.55267486)
rgb=(0.20675628, 0.37175775, 0.55311653)
rgb=(0.20490257, 0.37574589, 0.55353282)
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rgb=(0.20123854, 0.38366989, 0.55429441)
rgb=(0.1994295 , 0.38760678, 0.55464205)
rgb=(0.1976365 , 0.39152762, 0.55496905)
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rgb=(0.19410009, 0.39932336, 0.55556494)
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rgb=(0.16214155, 0.47483821, 0.55813967)
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rgb=(0.14053599, 0.53013219, 0.55565893)
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rgb=(0.1364085 , 0.54117264, 0.55448339)
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rgb=(0.12808703, 0.64774881, 0.52349092)
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rgb=(0.14020991, 0.66585927, 0.5134268 )
rgb=(0.14330291, 0.66945881, 0.51121549)
rgb=(0.1466164 , 0.67304968, 0.50893644)
rgb=(0.15014782, 0.67663139, 0.5065889 )
rgb=(0.15389405, 0.68020343, 0.50417217)
rgb=(0.15785146, 0.68376525, 0.50168574)
rgb=(0.16201598, 0.68731632, 0.49912906)
rgb=(0.1663832 , 0.69085611, 0.49650163)
rgb=(0.1709484 , 0.69438405, 0.49380294)
rgb=(0.17570671, 0.6978996 , 0.49103252)
rgb=(0.18065314, 0.70140222, 0.48818938)
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rgb=(0.19109018, 0.70836635, 0.48228395)
rgb=(0.19657063, 0.71182668, 0.47922108)
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rgb=(0.20803045, 0.71870095, 0.4728733 )
rgb=(0.21400015, 0.72211371, 0.46958774)
rgb=(0.22012381, 0.72550945, 0.46622638)
rgb=(0.2263969 , 0.72888753, 0.46278934)
rgb=(0.23281498, 0.73224735, 0.45927675)
rgb=(0.2393739 , 0.73558828, 0.45568838)
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rgb=(0.27414922, 0.75198807, 0.4366009 )
rgb=(0.28147681, 0.75520266, 0.43255207)
rgb=(0.28892102, 0.75839399, 0.42842626)
rgb=(0.29647899, 0.76156142, 0.42422341)
rgb=(0.30414796, 0.76470433, 0.41994346)
rgb=(0.31192534, 0.76782207, 0.41558638)
rgb=(0.3198086 , 0.77091403, 0.41115215)
rgb=(0.3277958 , 0.77397953, 0.40664011)
rgb=(0.33588539, 0.7770179 , 0.40204917)
rgb=(0.34407411, 0.78002855, 0.39738103)
rgb=(0.35235985, 0.78301086, 0.39263579)
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rgb=(0.3692142 , 0.78888793, 0.38291438)
rgb=(0.37777892, 0.79178146, 0.3779385 )
rgb=(0.38643282, 0.79464415, 0.37288606)
rgb=(0.39517408, 0.79747541, 0.36775726)
rgb=(0.40400101, 0.80027461, 0.36255223)
rgb=(0.4129135 , 0.80304099, 0.35726893)
rgb=(0.42190813, 0.80577412, 0.35191009)
rgb=(0.43098317, 0.80847343, 0.34647607)
rgb=(0.44013691, 0.81113836, 0.3409673 )
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rgb=(0.4870258 , 0.82392862, 0.31232133)
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rgb=(0.5356211 , 0.83578452, 0.28190832)
rgb=(0.5455244 , 0.83803918, 0.27562602)
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rgb=(0.59583934, 0.84871722, 0.24332878)
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rgb=(0.81457634, 0.88339329, 0.11034678)
rgb=(0.82494028, 0.88472036, 0.10621724)
rgb=(0.83526959, 0.88602943, 0.1026459 )
rgb=(0.84556056, 0.88732243, 0.09970219)
rgb=(0.8558096 , 0.88860134, 0.09745186)
rgb=(0.86601325, 0.88986815, 0.09595277)
rgb=(0.87616824, 0.89112487, 0.09525046)
rgb=(0.88627146, 0.89237353, 0.09537439)
rgb=(0.89632002, 0.89361614, 0.09633538)
rgb=(0.90631121, 0.89485467, 0.09812496)
rgb=(0.91624212, 0.89609127, 0.1007168 )
rgb=(0.92610579, 0.89732977, 0.10407067)
rgb=(0.93590444, 0.8985704 , 0.10813094)
rgb=(0.94563626, 0.899815 , 0.11283773)
rgb=(0.95529972, 0.90106534, 0.11812832)
rgb=(0.96489353, 0.90232311, 0.12394051)
rgb=(0.97441665, 0.90358991, 0.13021494)
rgb=(0.98386829, 0.90486726, 0.13689671)
rgb=(0.99324789, 0.90615657, 0.1439362 )
}
}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[domain=0:pi,samples=81,samples y=81,colormap/viridis,view={20}{55},hide axis]
\addplot3 [surf, point meta=y] {exp(-0.5*x*y)*4*cos(deg(5*x)) * sin(deg(12*y)) + 10*cos(deg(0.5*x*y)};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
