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我的桌子放不下；我有什么办法吗？

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我的桌子放不下；我有什么办法吗？

我有一个想要插入到页面上的表格，但至少需要满足以下一个条件（也可能是两个条件）：

  1. 桌子太宽的以适应文本块或页面。也就是说，我超出了一些水平的限制。

  2. 桌子太高的以适应文本块或页面。也就是说，我超出了一些垂直的限制。

我有什么办法可以让这张桌子放得下？如果它放不下，无论我怎么努力，还有其他什么办法吗？

答案1

首先，让我们来明确一下我们使用“表”这个术语时指的是什么。典型的table环境是漂浮，并且可以包含任何内容：一段文本、一张图片，甚至一个tabular。本文将讨论如何使用后者 - a tabular - 以及如何调整它。讨论也适用于array结构，因为它们提供了数学模拟tabular。

考虑阅读如何影响 LaTeX 中图形和表格等浮动环境的位置？如果你感兴趣漂浮- 特定的展示位置。

其次，要明白 atabular是静态的二维结构。因此，它可能最适合表示二维（例如年龄X性别， 或者地区X类型）因此，如果不“仔细”呈现，表示二维以上的东西可能本身就存在问题，因为要制表的元素数量会扩大几何地. 如果你要呈现（比如说）三个维度的信息，比如说年龄，性别和种族并且表格不适合，也许可以考虑将这张单表拆分tabular成年龄和性别对于每个种族请记住，表格应该扩展或简化信息的消化，因此如果表格的表示看起来复杂、密集或令人困惑，那么分成更基本的组件可能是最好的选择。

1. 我的表格tabular太宽了。我该怎么做才能让它适合？

以下是可供考虑的可能选项（无特定顺序）：

  • 如果您要呈现具有大（宽）列标题的数据，请考虑堆叠或者缩写这些可以折叠过宽的列：

    \documentclass{article}
    \usepackage{makecell}
    \begin{document}

    \begin{table}
      \centering

      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide. \\
        \hline
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12
      \end{tabular}

      \medskip

      % Condense column headers using abbreviations or acronyms
      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        This&is&a&\texttt{tbl}&with&twelve&cols&that&is&just&too&wide. \\
        \hline
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\[.5\normalbaselineskip]
        \multicolumn{12}{l}{%
          \footnotesize \texttt{tbl}: \texttt{tabular} title; cols: column title}
      \end{tabular}

      \bigskip

      \begin{tabular}{ *{3}{c} }
        This is a \texttt{tabular} with&three columns that is just&too wide to fit in \texttt{\string\textwidth}. \\
        \hline
        1  2  3  4 & 5  6  7  8 & 9  10  11  12
      \end{tabular}

      \medskip

      % Condense column headers via stacking
      \begin{tabular}{ *{3}{c} }
              This is           &                    &           too wide             \\ 
        a \texttt{tabular} with & three columns that &            to fit              \\
                                &      is just       & in \texttt{\string\textwidth}. \\
        \hline
        1  2  3  4 & 5  6  7  8 & 9  10  11  12
      \end{tabular}

      \medskip

      % Condense column headers via stacking
      \begin{tabular}{ *{3}{c} }
        \makecell[b]{This is \\ a \texttt{tabular} with} & 
        \makecell[t]{three columns that \\ is just} & 
        \makecell{too wide \\ to fit \\ in \texttt{\string\textwidth}.} \\
        \hline
        1  2  3  4 & 5  6  7  8 & 9  10  11  12
      \end{tabular}

      \medskip

      % Condense column headers via stacking in a paragraph-style column
      \begin{tabular}{ *{3}{c} }
        \multicolumn{1}{p{60pt}}{\centering This is a \texttt{tabular} with} & 
        \multicolumn{1}{p{7em}}{\raggedleft three columns that is just} & 
        \multicolumn{1}{p{3cm}}{\raggedright too wide to fit in \texttt{\string\textwidth}.} \\
        \hline
        1  2  3  4 & 5  6  7  8 & 9  10  11  12
      \end{tabular}

      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}

    \end{document}

手动堆叠可能很繁琐。将列标题设置为固定宽度p{<len>}列是一种提供自动换行方式的方法（如上所示）。

  • 使用 aragraph-style 列规范时，可以允许列条目自然换行p。此p{<len>}-style 列在 处换行<len>。如果您不知道<len>应该怎么做，tabularx可以通过其灵活的X列来帮助：

    \documentclass{article}
    \usepackage{tabularx}
    \begin{document}

    \begin{table}
      \centering

      \begin{tabular}{ *{3}{c} }
        This is a \texttt{tabular} with&three columns that is just&too wide to fit in \texttt{\string\textwidth}. \\
        \hline
        1  2  3  4 & 5  6  7  8 & 9  10  11  12
      \end{tabular}

      \medskip

      % tabularx provides a fixed-width table with flexible columns
      \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{ c X >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X }
        This is a \texttt{tabular} with&three columns that is just&too wide to fit in \texttt{\string\textwidth}. \\
        \hline
        1  2  3  4 & 5  6  7  8 & 9  10  11  12
      \end{tabularx}

      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}

    \end{document}

在 -columns 内进行对齐换行X可能会导致出现过满\hbox警告，可以使用设置来避免这种情况\raggedright。由于tabularx加载array，>{<prefix>}可以添加列前缀。

tabulary提供了类似的界面，在这方面也可能有帮助。

  • 标头回转也可能提供一些水平减少：

    \documentclass{article}
    \usepackage{graphicx}
    \newcommand{\hd}{\rotatebox{60}}
    \begin{document}

    \begin{table}
      \centering

      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide. \\
        \hline
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12
      \end{tabular}

      \bigskip

      % Condense column headers using rotation
      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        \hd{This}&\hd{is}&\hd{a}&\hd{\texttt{tabular}}&\hd{with}&\hd{twelve}&
          \hd{columns}&\hd{that}&\hd{is}&\hd{just}&\hd{too}&\hd{wide.} \\
        \hline
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12
      \end{tabular}

      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}

    \end{document}

旋转格式在视觉上相当极端，应谨慎使用。

  • 尝试水平适配的最佳方法可能是打破tabular较小、宽度适配的tabulars。从视觉上看，这是最不具侵入性的（一般而言），并且可能将信息公开，以便读者更好地理解：

    \documentclass{article}
    \begin{document}
    
    \begin{table}
      \centering
    
      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
        \hline
        This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
      \end{tabular}
    
      \bigskip
    
      \begin{tabular}{ *{6}{c} }
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\
        \hline
        This & is & a & \texttt{tabular} & with & twelve \\
        \\
        7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
        \hline
        columns & that & is & just & too & wide.
      \end{tabular}
    
      \bigskip
    
      \begin{tabular}{ *{6}{c} }
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\
        \hline
        This & is & a & \texttt{tabular} & with & twelve
      \end{tabular}
      
      \medskip
      
      \begin{tabular}{ *{6}{c} }
        7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
        \hline
        columns & that & is & just & too & wide.
      \end{tabular}
    
      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}
    
    \end{document}
  • 考虑删除水平内容，使其适合所需的宽度。您可以手动删除内容，尽管这对于较大的tabulars 来说可能很乏味。但是，如果您不想删除内容但仍想删除列，请阅读删除列的最简单方法？。

    \documentclass{article}

    % https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/16607/5764
    \usepackage{array}
    \newcolumntype{H}{>{\setbox0=\hbox\bgroup}c<{\egroup}@{}}

    \begin{document}

    \begin{table}
      \centering

      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
        \hline
        This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
      \end{tabular}

      \bigskip

      % Drop/Hide column 10
      \begin{tabular}{ *{9}{c} H *{2}{c} }
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
        \hline
        This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
      \end{tabular}

      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}

    \end{document}
  • 考虑减少列之间的水平间距。默认文档类定义\tabcolsep为6pt。对于array，使用的长度为 ，\arraycolsep默认值为5pt。这可能超出您的需要。对于多列tabular，减少\tabcolsep可以为您节省宝贵的分数。

    \documentclass{article}
    \begin{document}

    \begin{table}
      \centering

      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
        \hline
        This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
      \end{tabular}

      \bigskip

      \begingroup
      \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.75\tabcolsep}% Reduce \tabcolsep by 25%
      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
        \hline
        This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
      \end{tabular}
      \endgroup

      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}

    \end{document}

可能需要将变更的范围限制为\tabcolsep，因此使用分组调整\setlength（通过\begingroup...\endgroup或{... }）。

  • 考虑减小所用字体的大小。如果您的文档tabular使用默认字体，也许或可能使其适合：\normalsize\small\footnotesize

    \documentclass{article}
    \begin{document}

    \begin{table}
      \centering

      % This tabular is too wide
      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
        \hline
        This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
      \end{tabular}

      \bigskip

      \begingroup
      \footnotesize% Change to smaller font from \normalsize
      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
        \hline
        This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
      \end{tabular}
      \endgroup

      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}

    \end{document}

看LaTeX 文档的默认字体大小是多少？和\Large 等字体大小是多少点（pt）？有关字体和字体大小的讨论。

可能需要将更改的范围限制在字体上，因此使用分组（通过\begingroup...\endgroup或{... }）。

  • 对于太宽的tabular表格，你可以调整整个表格的大小以适合你的范围水平使用\resizebox{<width>}{<height>}{<tabular>}最多或（<width>参见\linewidth\textwidth\textwidth、\linewidth 和 \hsize 之间的区别!）。的符号<height>将确保调整大小的纵横比保持不变。

    \documentclass{article}
    \usepackage{graphicx}
    \begin{document}

    \begin{table}
      \centering

      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
        \hline
        This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
      \end{tabular}

      \bigskip

      % \resizebox{<width>}{<height>}{<tabular>}
      \resizebox{\linewidth}{!}{%
        \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
          1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
          \hline
          This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
        \end{tabular}}

      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}

    \end{document}

缩小tabular规模全部内容...包括文本。如果缩小的因素足够小，文档中使用的字体和缩放后的字体之间可能不会有明显的差异tabular。

  • 也许你已经承认tabular 能与边距对齐，因为上述任何更改都不足以满足您的需求。但是，默认情况下\centering不会tabular以居中方式设置，因此您可以将tabular内部设置\makebox[<width>]为足够小<width>（小于\linewidth），这将自动将其置于边距范围内居中（请参阅如何让太宽的表格居中？)：

    \documentclass{article}
    \begin{document}

    \begin{table}
      \centering

      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
        \hline
        This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
      \end{tabular}

      \bigskip

      % This tabular is still too wide, but we'll keep it as-is...
      \makebox[\textwidth]{%
        \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
          1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
          \hline
          This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
        \end{tabular}}

      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}

    \end{document}
  • 您可以将表格旋转 90 度（顺时针或逆时针），将其侧放。通常，页面的高度大于宽度，这样可能会合适tabular。然而，这将是一个极端的调整，因为你要求观众调整他们的视角，有些人可能不喜欢这种水平（从左到右）和垂直（从下到上）设置之间的切换：

    \documentclass{article}        
    \usepackage{graphicx}
    \begin{document}
    
    \begin{table}
      \centering
    
      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
        \hline
        This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
      \end{tabular}
    
      \bigskip
      
      \rotatebox{90}{%
        \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
          1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
          \hline
          This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
        \end{tabular}}
    
      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}
    
    \end{document}

graphicx's\rotatebox{<angle>}{<tabular>}用于<tabular>度数旋转<angle>。

上面的例子旋转tabular 仅有的，标题保留在原处。如果您想旋转整个漂浮- 包含标题，您可以使用sidewaystable（由rotating包裹)：

    \documentclass{article}        
    \usepackage{rotating}
    \begin{document}
    
    \begin{table}
      \centering
    
      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
        \hline
        This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
      \end{tabular}
            
      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}

    \begin{sidewaystable}
      \centering
    
      \begin{tabular}{ *{12}{c} }
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
        \hline
        This&is&a&\texttt{tabular}&with&twelve&columns&that&is&just&too&wide.
      \end{tabular}
            
      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{sidewaystable}
    
    \end{document}

请注意，假设sidewaystable您的桌子相当宽的因此将占据大部分文本块高度在旋转期间。因此，默认行为是将其放置在其自己的页面上。

2. 我的桌子tabular太高了。我该怎么做才能把它放得下？

上面列出的许多相同程序都可以应用垂直为了调整您的tabular布局，例如更改字体、旋转或手动将内容分成多个tabular；下面列出了一些建议。

  • \arraystretch用于拉伸（或收缩） 中的每一行tabular。也许您\documentclass增加了这个值。您可以使用以下方法进行调整\renewcommand：

    \documentclass{article}
    \begin{document}

    \begin{table}

      \begin{minipage}{0.3333\linewidth}
        \centering
        \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}    

        \begin{tabular}{ c c }
          1&This \\ 
          \hline
          2&is \\ 3&a \\ 4&\texttt{tabular} \\ 5&with \\ 6&twelve \\
          7&rows \\ 8&that \\ 9&is \\ 10&just \\ 11&too \\ 12&tall.
        \end{tabular}

      \end{minipage}%
      \begin{minipage}{0.3333\linewidth}
        \centering
        \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1}
      
        \begin{tabular}{ c c }
          1&This \\ 
          \hline
          2&is \\ 3&a \\ 4&\texttt{tabular} \\ 5&with \\ 6&twelve \\
          7&rows \\ 8&that \\ 9&is \\ 10&just \\ 11&too \\ 12&tall.
        \end{tabular}

      \end{minipage}%
      \begin{minipage}{0.3333\linewidth}
        \centering
        \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{0.8}
      
        \begin{tabular}{ c c }
          1&This \\ 
          \hline
          2&is \\ 3&a \\ 4&\texttt{tabular} \\ 5&with \\ 6&twelve \\
          7&rows \\ 8&that \\ 9&is \\ 10&just \\ 11&too \\ 12&tall.
        \end{tabular}

      \end{minipage}

      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}

    \end{document}
  • 考虑切出大块的行并水平堆叠它们，而不是以垂直方式保存内容。

    \documentclass{article}
    \begin{document}

    \begin{table}
      \centering

      \begin{tabular}{ c c }
        1&This \\ 
        \hline
        2&is \\ 3&a \\ 4&\texttt{tabular} \\ 5&with \\ 6&twelve \\
        7&rows \\ 8&that \\ 9&is \\ 10&just \\ 11&too \\ 12&tall.
      \end{tabular}

      \bigskip

      \begin{tabular}{ c c @{\hspace{2em}} c c }
        1&This & 1&This \\ 
        \hline
        2&is & 8&that \\
        3&a  & 9&is \\
        4&\texttt{tabular} & 10&just \\
        5&with & 11&too \\
        6&twelve & 12&tall. \\
        7&rows
      \end{tabular}

      \bigskip

      \begin{tabular}[t]{ c c }
        1&This \\ 
        \hline
        2&is \\ 3&a \\ 4&\texttt{tabular} \\ 5&with \\ 6&twelve \\ 7&rows
      \end{tabular}\hspace{2em}%
      \begin{tabular}[t]{ c c }
        1&This \\ 
        \hline
        8&that \\ 9&is \\ 10&just \\ 11&too \\ 12&tall.
      \end{tabular}

      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}

    \end{document}
  • 减小字体大小也会减小行高，从而减小垂直跨度tabular：

    \documentclass{article}
    \begin{document}

    \begin{table}
      \centering

      \begin{tabular}{ c c }
        1&This \\ 
        \hline
        2&is \\ 3&a \\ 4&\texttt{tabular} \\ 5&with \\ 6&twelve \\
        7&rows \\ 8&that \\ 9&is \\ 10&just \\ 11&too \\ 12&tall.
      \end{tabular}%
      \hspace{2em}%
      \begingroup
      \small% Change to smaller font size from \normalsize
      \begin{tabular}{ c c }
        1&This \\ 
        \hline
        2&is \\ 3&a \\ 4&\texttt{tabular} \\ 5&with \\ 6&twelve \\
        7&rows \\ 8&that \\ 9&is \\ 10&just \\ 11&too \\ 12&tall.
      \end{tabular}%
      \endgroup

      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}

    \end{document}

再次，这里可能需要限定范围来限制字体的变化。

  • graphicx或\scalebox{<factor>}是\resizebox{<width>}{<height>}一个选项。您可以指定适合高度的<height>长度或部分。<width>的!可确保在调整大小期间保持纵横比：

    \documentclass{article}
    \usepackage{graphicx}
    \begin{document}

    \begin{table}
      \centering

      \begin{tabular}{ c c }
        1&This \\ 
        \hline
        2&is \\ 3&a \\ 4&\texttt{tabular} \\ 5&with \\ 6&twelve \\
        7&rows \\ 8&that \\ 9&is \\ 10&just \\ 11&too \\ 12&tall.
      \end{tabular}%
      \hspace{2em}%
      \resizebox{!}{.8\height}{%
        \begin{tabular}{ c c }
          1&This \\ 
          \hline
          2&is \\ 3&a \\ 4&\texttt{tabular} \\ 5&with \\ 6&twelve \\
          7&rows \\ 8&that \\ 9&is \\ 10&just \\ 11&too \\ 12&tall.
        \end{tabular}}

      \caption{This is a table caption.}
    \end{table}

    \end{document}

以下示例直接取自文档longtable，说明了环境组件的构造longtable，以便将表格分成多页（带有“连续标题”）：

    \documentclass{article}
    \usepackage{longtable}

    \def\v{\char`}

    \begin{document}

    % Note: Various parts of the following table will
    % *not* line up correctly until this document has been run
    % through LaTeX several times. This is a characteristic feature of
    % this package, as described below.

    \begin{longtable}{@{*}r||p{1in}@{*}}
        KILLED & LINE!!!! \kill
        \caption
          [An optional table caption (used in the list of tables)]
          {A long table\label{long}} \\
        \hline\hline
        \multicolumn{2}{@{*}c@{*}}%
          {This part appears at the top of the table} \\
        \textsc{First} & \textsc{Second} \\
        \hline\hline
      \endfirsthead
        \caption[]{(continued)} \\
        \hline\hline
        \multicolumn{2}{@{*}c@{*}}%
             {This part appears at the top of every other page} \\
        \textbf{First} & \textbf{Second} \\
        \hline\hline
      \endhead
        \hline
        This goes at the & bottom. \\
        \hline
      \endfoot
        \hline
        These lines will & appear \\
        in place of the  & usual foot \\
        at the end       & of the table \\
        \hline
      \endlastfoot
        \texttt{longtable} columns are specified & in the \\
        same way as  in the \texttt{tabular} & environment. \\
        ``\verb~@{*}r||p{1in}@{*}~'' & in this case. \\
        Each row ends with a & ``\verb|\\|'' command. \\
        The ``\verb|\\|'' command  has an & optional \\
        argument, just as in & the \\
        \texttt{tabular} & environment. \\[10pt]
        See the effect of ``\verb|\\[10pt]|'' & ? \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Also ``\verb|\hline|'' may be used, & as in \texttt{tabular}. \\
        \hline
        That was a ``\verb|\hline|'' & . \\
        \hline\hline
        That was ``\verb|\hline\hline|'' & . \\
        \multicolumn{2}{||c||}%
          {This is a \ttfamily\v\\multicolumn\v{2\v}\v{||c||\v}} \\
        If a page break occurs at a ``\verb|\hline|'' then & a line is drawn \\
        at the bottom of one page and at the & top of the next. \\
        \hline
        The ``\verb|[t] [b] [c]|'' argument of \texttt{tabular} & can not be used. \\
        The optional argument may be one of & ``\verb|[l] [r] [c]|'' \\
        to specify whether the table should be & adjusted \\
        to the left, right & or centrally. \\
        \hline\hline
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Some lines may take up a lot of space, like this: &
           \raggedleft This last column is a ``\texttt{p}'' column so this
           ``row'' of the table can take up several lines. Note however that
           \TeX\ will  never break a page within such a row. Page breaks only
           occur between rows of the table or at ``\verb|\hline|'' commands.
           \tabularnewline
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        \hline
        Lots\footnote{This is a footnote.} of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this\footnote{\texttt{longtable} takes special
           precautions, so that footnotes may also be used in `\texttt{p}' columns.} \\
        \hline
        Lots of lines & like this. \\
        Lots of lines & like this.
    \end{longtable}

    \end{document}

3. 我的tabular太宽了和对于我放置的位置来说太高了。我该怎么办？

通常，可以结合上述方法来改善宽度/高度。可能存在一些不兼容的选择（例如，调整 的大小longtable）。

答案2

如果文档由纵向格式的页面组成，并且表格在横向格式下可以适合纸张宽度，则可以考虑制作一个跨越多页的旋转 90 度的长表。

（人们可能仅当表仅用于枯燥的查找时才会这样做，例如价格表或类似表，在这种情况下，通过一次查看多条记录来了​​解数据组之间的相关性并不重要。）

现在您可以使用 zref 和 LaTeX2e 内核中最近引入的钩子系统：

  • 对于长表，临时更改布局，以便交换页面宽度和页面高度。

  • 在 longtable 中，使用 zref 包的工具在第一个和最后一个单元格中设置一个标签，以保存有关 longtable 开始和结束的绝对页码的信息。

  • \ShipoutBox如果绝对页码在 longtable 环境开头和结尾处放置的 zref 标签所表示的页面范围内，则使用新的挂钩系统向每次发货前执行的挂钩添加将页面旋转 90 度的指令。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[abspage]{zref}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{blindtext}

\makeatletter

% A scratch loop for repeating #3 while counting from #1 to #2.
% As counter is used \scratchmacro
% #3 is expanded until finding an unexpandable token.
% If the unexpandable token is a space token it is discarded.
\newcommand\scratchmacro{}
\newtoks\scratchtoks
\newcommand\PassFirstToSecond[2]{#2{#1}}
\newcommand\scratchtoksloop[3]{%
  \begingroup
  \def\scratchmacro{#1}%
  \scratchtoks{\endgroup}%
  \loop 
    \scratchtoks\expandafter{\the\expandafter\scratchtoks\romannumeral`\^^@#3}%
  \ifnum\scratchmacro < #2 %
    \edef\scratchmacro{\the\numexpr\scratchmacro+1\relax}%
  \repeat
  \the\scratchtoks
}%

% This checks if the current value of the abspage-counter is within the
% range given by zref-label #1 and zref-label #2.
\newcommand\saveabspage[1]{\zref@labelbyprops{#1}{abspage}}%
\newcommand\CheckWhetherAbsPageInLabelrange[2]{%
  \zref@ifrefundefined{#1}{\@secondoftwo}{%
    \zref@ifrefundefined{#2}{\@secondoftwo}{%
      \zref@ifrefcontainsprop{#1}{abspage}{%
        \zref@ifrefcontainsprop{#2}{abspage}{%
          \ifnum\zref@extractdefault{#1}{abspage}{-1}>\value{abspage}%
          \expandafter\@firstoftwo\else\expandafter\@secondoftwo\fi
          {\@secondoftwo}{%
            \ifnum\zref@extractdefault{#2}{abspage}{-1}<\value{abspage}%
            \expandafter\@firstoftwo\else\expandafter\@secondoftwo\fi
            {\@secondoftwo}{\@firstoftwo}%
          }%
        }{\@secondoftwo}%
      }{\@secondoftwo}%
    }%
  }%
}%

\makeatother

% The zref-label at the start of the longtable is "tablesfirstpage".
% The zref-label at the end of the longtable is "tableslastpage".
% Add to the hook carried out at every shipout the directive to check if
% absolute page is in range denoted by these labels, and if so,
% to rotate the page/to rotate \ShipoutBox:
\AddToHook{shipout/before}{%
  \CheckWhetherAbsPageInLabelrange{tablesfirstpage}{tableslastpage}{%
    \setbox\ShipoutBox=\vbox{\hbox{\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{%
      \vbox{\hbox{\box\ShipoutBox\kern\ifodd\value{page}\evensidemargin\else\oddsidemargin\fi}}%
    }}}%
  }{%
  }%
}%

% Just make sure...
\csname @ifundefined\endcsname{pagewidth}{}{\pagewidth=\paperwidth}%
\csname @ifundefined\endcsname{pdfpagewidth}{}{\pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth}%
\csname @ifundefined\endcsname{pageheight}{}{\pageheight=\paperheight}%
\csname @ifundefined\endcsname{pdfpageheight}{}{\pdfpageheight=\paperheight}%

\begin{document}

\blindtext
\newpage
\begingroup
\ifodd\value{abspage}\newpage\else\newpage\null\newpage\fi
% ---- Layout ----------------------------------------------------------------------
%      For typesetting the longtable temporarily change the layout so that
%      width and height of page are exchanged and textwidth is increased etc:
\pagestyle{plain}%
\csname zref@ifrefundefined\endcsname{tablesfirstpage}{%
  \paperwidth=\the\expandafter\paperheight
  \expandafter\paperheight\expandafter=\the\paperwidth
  \csname @ifundefined\endcsname{pagewidth}{}{\pagewidth=\paperwidth}%
  \csname @ifundefined\endcsname{pdfpagewidth}{}{\pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth}%
  \csname @ifundefined\endcsname{pageheight}{}{\pageheight=\paperheight}%
  \csname @ifundefined\endcsname{pdfpageheight}{}{\pdfpageheight=\paperheight}%
  \textwidth=\paperwidth
}{%
  \textwidth=\paperheight
}%
\advance\textwidth-3cm\relax
\evensidemargin=\dimexpr-1in+1.5cm\relax
\oddsidemargin=\dimexpr-1in+1.5cm\relax
\marginparsep=2mm\relax
\marginparwidth=\dimexpr2cm-2\marginparsep\relax
\csname zref@ifrefundefined\endcsname{tablesfirstpage}{%
  \textheight=\paperheight
}{%
  \textheight=\paperwidth
}%
\advance\textheight-3cm\relax
\topmargin=\dimexpr-1in+1.5cm\relax
\headheight=0pt\relax
\headsep=0pt\relax
{\normalfont
 \setbox\csname @tempboxa\endcsname\hbox{0123456789}%
 \footskip=\dimexpr 1cm -.5\dp\csname @tempboxa\endcsname
                        +.5\ht\csname @tempboxa\endcsname\relax
\expandafter}\expandafter\footskip\expandafter=\the\footskip
\csname @colht\endcsname=\textheight
\csname @colroom\endcsname=\textheight
\vsize=\textheight
\columnwidth=\textwidth
\hsize=\columnwidth
\linewidth=\hsize
\parindent=0pt\relax
% ---- Layout-changes done. --------------------------------------------------------
\begin{longtable}{|c|c|c|c|}
\caption{Caption of Longtable}\label{LongtableLabel}\\
\hline
\saveabspage{tablesfirstpage}number&left&middle&right\\
\hline\endfirsthead
\hline
number&left&middle&right\\
\hline\endhead
\hline
\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{This is a clever remark.}\\
\hline\endfoot
\hline
\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{This is a clever remark.\saveabspage{tableslastpage}}\\
\hline\endlastfoot
\scratchtoksloop{1}%
                {100}%
                {%
                  \expandafter\hbox\expandafter{%
                    \expandafter\PassFirstToSecond
                    \expandafter{\scratchmacro}{\hphantom{100}\llap}%
                  }%
                  &left&middle&\scratchtoksloop{1}{11}{ this is wide }\\%
                }%
\end{longtable}%
\newpage
\endgroup
% ---- After typesettig the longtable reset the page layout ------------------------
\csname @colht\endcsname=\textheight
\csname @colroom\endcsname=\textheight
\vsize=\textheight
\columnwidth=\textwidth
\hsize=\columnwidth
\linewidth=\hsize

\blindtext

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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