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如何绘制球面图形？

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如何绘制球面图形？

我需要在我的文档中输入这种图像。如何 1. 绘制此图像？2. 将其位置设置为文本？3. 枚举并命名，以引用其编号？

在此处输入图片描述

答案1

这是一个可能的解决方案tikz-3dplot，可以通过 来作为起点。

在此处输入图片描述

代码

\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz,amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,calc,positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,intersections}
\begin{document}

\tdplotsetmaincoords{90}{90}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=5,tdplot_main_coords]

% draw various ellipses
\tdplotsetthetaplanecoords{90}
\tdplotdrawarc[tdplot_rotated_coords,thick]{(0,0,0)}{0.8}{0}{360}{}{}
%
\tdplotsetrotatedcoords{60}{70}{0}
\tdplotdrawarc[dashed,tdplot_rotated_coords,name path=blue]{(0,0,0)}{0.8}{0}{360}{below}{$\alpha_2$}
\tdplotdrawarc[tdplot_rotated_coords]{(0,0,0)}{0.8}{0}{180}{above right}{$\alpha_1$}
%
\tdplotsetrotatedcoords{120}{110}{0}
\tdplotdrawarc[dashed,tdplot_rotated_coords,name path=green]{(0,0,0)}{0.8}{0}{360}{below}{$\beta$}
\tdplotdrawarc[tdplot_rotated_coords]{(0,0,0)}{0.8}{0}{180}{left}{$\mathcal A_2$}
%
\tdplotsetrotatedcoords{180}{16}{0}
\tdplotdrawarc[dashed,tdplot_rotated_coords,name path=red]{(0,0,0)}{0.8}{0}{360}{above left}{$\zeta$}
\tdplotdrawarc[tdplot_rotated_coords]{(0,0,0)}{0.8}{-90}{90}{below left}{$\gamma$}

% find intersections

\path [name intersections={of={green and blue}, total=\n}]  
\foreach \i in {1,...,\n}{(intersection-\i) circle [radius=0.5pt] coordinate(gb\i){}};

\path [name intersections={of={green and red}, total=\n}]  
\foreach \i in {1,...,\n} {(intersection-\i) circle [radius=0.5pt]coordinate(gc\i){}};

\path[name intersections={of={red and blue}, total=\n}]  
\foreach \i in {1,...,\n}{(intersection-\i) circle [radius=0.5pt]coordinate(cb\i){}};

% shading
\shade[top color=gray,bottom color=white,opacity=0.5]  
(cb4) to[bend left=7] (gc1) to[bend left=15] (gb2) to[bend left=15] cycle;

% label
\draw[dashed,fill] (gb2) circle [radius=0.5pt]--(gb4) circle [radius=0.5pt];
\draw[dashed, fill] (cb2) circle [radius=0.5pt]--(cb4)circle [radius=0.5pt];
\draw[dashed,fill] (gc1) circle [radius=0.5pt]--(gc3) circle [radius=0.5pt];
\draw[dashed,fill] (gb2) circle [radius=0.5pt]--(cb4) circle [radius=0.5pt];
\draw (gb2) node[below]{$\mathcal C$};
\draw (gc1) node[above right]{$\mathcal A_1$};
\draw (cb4) node[above left]{$\mathcal B$};
\draw[] (gc1) to[bend left=30] ++(1,0.71,0.5)node(a){}; 
\draw[dashed,fill] (a) circle [radius=0.5pt]--(gc1)circle [radius=0.5pt];
\coordinate (O) at (0,0,0);
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (1,0,0) node[anchor=north east]{$X$};
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,1,0) node[anchor=north west]{$Y$};
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,1) node[anchor=south]{$Z$};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

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