序言中的边距环境

Question 1

您希望自动处理顶部和底部的边距注释吗？

example假设如此，我会用以下代码替换你的环境定义

\usepackage{xparse}
\NewDocumentEnvironment{example}{oo}
  {\begin{eoexample}\begin{exa}%
    \IfNoValueF{#1}{\marginnote{\flushleft{\color{framerule}{#1}}}[-7.5mm]}}%
  {\IfNoValueF{#2}{\marginnote{\flushleft{\color{framerule}{#2}}}[-12mm]}%
   \end{exa}\end{eoexample}}

此环境现在有两个可选参数，分别用于顶部和底部边距注释，因此您可以这样写：

\begin{example}[Simplify $i^{100}$][Answer 1]
This is a worked out example.\\

The solution is typed here, which may go from one page to the next.  The margin can be used to include tables, graphs, or a similar example with answer (but no solution). The question should be right under the line. The answer is above the second line, all in the margin.\\
\lipsum[1]
\end{example}

编辑 OP 注意到，当答案超过一行时，它的位置不正确。实际上应该可以自动满足这一要求，但我还没有找到一个好的方法。相反，我发现了一个 hack，它提供了一种简单的方法来调整这一点，即在示例环境中添加另一个可选参数：

\NewDocumentEnvironment{example}{ooO{12}}
  {\begin{eoexample}\begin{exa}%
    \IfNoValueF{#1}{\marginnote{\flushleft{\color{framerule}{#1}}}[-7.5mm]}}%
  {\IfNoValueF{#2}{\marginnote{\flushleft{\color{framerule}{#2}}}[-#3mm]}%
   \end{exa}\end{eoexample}}

对于单行答案，您可以像以前一样使用，但对于多行答案，可以使用第三个可选参数来正确调整框的位置：

\begin{example}[Simplify $i^{101}$][Answer: $i$ that is really really really long][18]
This is a second example.

Include the solution here.
\lipsum[1]
\end{example}

这给出了所需的输出：

在此处输入图片描述

完整代码如下：

\documentclass{book}
\usepackage[many]{tcolorbox}
\usepackage{changepage}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage[depthadjust]{marginnote}

\definecolor{framerule}{RGB}{183,41,41}
\colorlet{tryit}{green!70!black}

\newcommand\RedBox{\textcolor{framerule}{$\square$}}

\newtcolorbox{eoexample}{
  enhanced,
  breakable,
  check odd page,
  toggle left and right,
  boxrule=0pt,
  colback=white,
  arc=0pt,
  outer arc=0pt,
  top=\topsep,
  bottom=\topsep,
  left=0pt,
  right=0pt,
  boxsep=0pt,
  overlay unbroken ={%
    \ifoddpage
      \node[draw,tryit,fill=white]
      (tryit)
      at ([xshift=\marginparsep+0.5\marginparwidth]frame.north east)
      {You Try It!};
      \draw[framerule]
        (frame.north west) -- ([xshift=-3pt]tryit.west);
      \draw[framerule]
        ([xshift=3pt]tryit.east) --
        ([xshift=\marginparsep+\marginparwidth]frame.north east);
      \node[inner sep=0pt, anchor=east]
        (box)
        at ([xshift=\marginparsep+\marginparwidth]frame.south east)
        {\RedBox};
      \draw[framerule]
        (frame.south west) --
        ([xshift=-3pt]box.west);
    \else
      \node[draw,tryit,fill=white]
      (tryit)
      at ([xshift=-\marginparsep-0.5\marginparwidth]frame.north west)
      {You Try It!};
      \draw[framerule]
        (frame.north east) -- ([xshift=3pt]tryit.east);
      \draw[framerule]
        ([xshift=-3pt]tryit.west) --
        ([xshift=-\marginparsep-\marginparwidth]frame.north west);
      \node[inner sep=0pt, anchor=east, outer sep=0pt]
        (box)
        at (frame.south east)
        {\RedBox};
      \draw[framerule]
        ([xshift=-\marginparsep-\marginparwidth]frame.south west) --
        ([xshift=-3pt]box.west);
    \fi
  },
  overlay first={%
    \ifoddpage
      \node[draw,tryit,fill=white]
      (tryit)
      at ([xshift=\marginparsep+0.5\marginparwidth]frame.north east)
      {You Try It!};
      \draw[framerule]
        (frame.north west) -- ([xshift=-3pt]tryit.west);
      \draw[framerule]
        ([xshift=3pt]tryit.east) --
        ([xshift=\marginparsep+\marginparwidth]frame.north east);
    \else
      \node[draw,tryit,fill=white]
      (tryit)
      at ([xshift=-\marginparsep-0.5\marginparwidth]frame.north west)
      {You Try It!};
      \draw[framerule]
        (frame.north east) -- ([xshift=3pt]tryit.east);
      \draw[framerule]
        ([xshift=-3pt]tryit.west) --
        ([xshift=-\marginparsep-\marginparwidth]frame.north west);
    \fi
  },
  overlay last={%
    \ifoddpage
      \node[inner sep=0pt]
        (box)
        at ([xshift=\marginparsep+\marginparwidth]frame.south east)
        {\RedBox};
      \draw[framerule]
        (frame.south west) --
        ([xshift=-3pt]box.west);
    \else
      \node[inner sep=0pt, anchor=east, outer sep=0pt]
        (box)
        at (frame.south east)
        {\RedBox};
      \draw[framerule]
        ([xshift=-\marginparsep-\marginparwidth]frame.south west) --
        ([xshift=-3pt]box.west);
    \fi
  }
}

\newtheoremstyle{myexa}% name
  {\topsep}%Space above
  {\topsep}%Space below
  {}%Body font
  {}%Indent amount 1
  {\bfseries}% Theorem head font
  {.}%Punctuation after theorem head
  {.5em}%Space after theorem head 2
{}%Theorem head spec

\theoremstyle{myexa}

\newtheorem{exa}{Example}

\usepackage{xparse}
\NewDocumentEnvironment{example}{ooO{12}}
  {\begin{eoexample}\begin{exa}%
    \IfNoValueF{#1}{\marginnote{\flushleft{\color{framerule}{#1}}}[-7.5mm]}}%
  {\IfNoValueF{#2}{\marginnote{\flushleft{\color{framerule}{#2}}}[-#3mm]}%
   \end{exa}\end{eoexample}}

\begin{document}


\lipsum[1-4]

\begin{example}[Simplify $i^{100}$][Answer 1]
This is a worked out example.\\

The solution is typed here, which may go from one page to the next.  The margin can be used to include tables, graphs, or a similar example with answer (but no solution). The question should be right under the line. The answer is above the second line, all in the margin.\\
\lipsum[1]
\end{example}

\lipsum[1]

\begin{example}[Simplify $i^{101}$][Answer: $i$ that is really really
  really long][18]
This is a second example.

Include the solution here.
\lipsum[1]
\end{example}
\end{document}

Answer