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tabularx 中的多列：如何正确获取 p{‘lengths’}

tag-icon • tag-icon tabularx multicolumn lengths
tabularx 中的多列：如何正确获取 p{‘lengths’}

我试图让lipsum文本填充垂直标尺右侧的两个单元格，但不超过table。

我的代码现在是：

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{calc}

\newlength{\mylength}

\begin{document}

\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{l | X X}
\hline
Short \setlength{\mylength}{\hsize} & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
& \multicolumn{2}{p{\textwidth-2\tabcolsep-\mylength}}{\lipsum[1]} \\
Short & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
& \multicolumn{2}{p{\textwidth-2\tabcolsep-\mylength}}{\lipsum[2]} \\
\end{tabularx}

\end{document}

结果是：

在此处输入图片描述

答案1

这里有两种解决该问题的方法。

  1. 您的用法是正确的，但您没有正确计算 s 的数量\tabcolsep。您的表中有 6 个源自序言tabularx。{l | X X}让我们\tabcolsep使用表示t，那么您将有{tlt|tXttXt}。此外， 的计算\hsize是针对整个“ tlt-column”，因此它已经包含 2 \tabcolseps。因此，您在计算中需要删除 8 \tabcolseps：

    \noindent
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{l | X X}
  \hline
  Short\setlength{\mylength}{\hsize} & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
  & \multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr\textwidth-8\tabcolsep-\mylength}}{\lipsum*[1]} \\
  Short & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
  & \multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr\textwidth-8\tabcolsep-\mylength}}{\lipsum*[2]} \\
\end{tabularx}

    我已经不再使用calc包裹，因此可见。另请注意，我删除了和\dimexpr之间的空格，因为这实际上会影响的大小。Short\setlength\hsize

  2. 捕获柱内容，将其存储在盒子中，并在过程中进行测量tabularx的测量阶段（...不是那么必要，但仍然如此）：

    \newcommand{\capturemaxwidth}[1]{%
  % https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/227142/5764
  \ifdim\hfuzz=\maxdimen\relax% trial run
    \setbox9=\hbox{#1}% Store content in box
    \ifdim\mylength>\wd9\relax% Measure box width...
      \setlength{\mylength}{\wd9}% ...and possibly store width
    \fi
  \fi  
  #1% final run
}

...

\noindent
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{L | X X}
  \hline
  Short & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
  & \multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr\textwidth-8\tabcolsep-\mylength}}{\lipsum*[1]} \\
  Short & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
  & \multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr\textwidth-8\tabcolsep-\mylength}}{\lipsum*[2]}
\end{tabularx}

第二种选择会从代码中删除一些构造，将其放在序言中。这样，代码可能读起来会更好一些。你自己选择吧。这两种方法的输出都类似于：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{lipsum,tabularx}
\usepackage{collcell}
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\collectcell\capturemaxwidth}l<{\endcollectcell}}

\newlength{\mylength}
\newcommand{\capturemaxwidth}[1]{%
  % https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/227142/5764
  \ifdim\hfuzz=\maxdimen
    \setbox9=\hbox{#1}% trial run
    \ifdim\mylength>\wd9
      \setlength{\mylength}{\wd9}%
    \fi
  \fi  
  #1% final run
}
\begin{document}

\sloppypar% Just for this example, due to lipsum

\noindent
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{l | X X}
  \hline
  Short\setlength{\mylength}{\hsize} & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
  & \multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr\textwidth-8\tabcolsep-\mylength}}{\lipsum*[1]} \\
  Short & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
  & \multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr\textwidth-8\tabcolsep-\mylength}}{\lipsum*[2]} \\
\end{tabularx}

\noindent
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{L | X X}
  \hline
  Short & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
  & \multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr\textwidth-8\tabcolsep-\mylength}}{\lipsum*[1]} \\
  Short & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
  & \multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr\textwidth-8\tabcolsep-\mylength}}{\lipsum*[2]}
\end{tabularx}

\end{document}

答案2

设置\mylength为宽度Short（或任何你使用的值）

\newlength{\mylength}
\settowidth{\mylength}{Short}

进而

p{\textwidth-4\tabcolsep-\arrayrulewidth-\mylength\relax}

应该这么做。

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{calc}

\newlength{\mylength}
\settowidth{\mylength}{Short}

\begin{document}
\noindent
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{l | X X}
\hline
Short & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
& \multicolumn{2}{p{\textwidth-4\tabcolsep-\arrayrulewidth-\mylength\relax}}{\lipsum[1]} \\
Short & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
& \multicolumn{2}{p{\textwidth-4\tabcolsep-\arrayrulewidth-\mylength\relax}}{\lipsum[2]} \\
\end{tabularx}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

没有tabularx（据 David 说，为了节省一些内存）你可以这样做（因为我们无论如何都会进行手动计算）：

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{calc}

\newlength{\mylength}
\settowidth{\mylength}{Short}

\begin{document}
\noindent
\begin{tabular}{l | *{2}{p{(\dimexpr\textwidth-\mylength-6\tabcolsep-\arrayrulewidth\relax)/2}}}
\hline
Short & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} &  And here is some more and more \\
& \multicolumn{2}{p{\textwidth-4\tabcolsep-\arrayrulewidth-\mylength\relax}}{\lipsum[1]} \\
Short & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
& \multicolumn{2}{p{\textwidth-4\tabcolsep-\arrayrulewidth-\mylength\relax}}{\lipsum[2]} \\
\end{tabular}

\end{document}

bad boxes你可以通过使用\raggeright摆脱这两个

\begin{tabular}{l | *{2}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\dimexpr\textwidth-\mylength-6\tabcolsep-\arrayrulewidth\relax)/2}}}
\hline

答案3

您只需使用X它来为扩展列提供基本单位宽度，但您需要将其加倍并允许2\tabcolsep在中间。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{calc}



\begin{document}

\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{l | X X}
\hline
Short & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
& \multicolumn{2}{>{\setlength\hsize{2\hsize+2\tabcolsep}}X}{\lipsum[1]} \\
Short & \textbf{This text is a little bit longer} & And here is some more and more \\
& \multicolumn{2}{>{\setlength\hsize{2\hsize+2\tabcolsep}}X}{\lipsum[2]} \\
\end{tabularx}

\end{document}

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